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Abstract Background The mismatch between the gender experienced by a person and the gender attributed to him/her leads to gender dysphoria. It seems that people’s perception of gender dysphoria is affected by individual, cultural, and sociological factors and these factors affect different aspects of their biological, psychological, and social health. To this end, this qualitative study aimed to identify the physical, psychological, and social challenges of people with gender dysphoria referring to the Department of forensic medicine in Iran. Methods This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis on 9 individuals who were selected through purposive sampling. A total of 16 interviews were conducted with 9 participants. Each interview lasted 60–90 min. The participants’ gender dysphoria was confirmed by the Department of forensic medicine. The data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with the participants. Results The data revealed 3 main categories and 10 subcategories. The main categories were living in agony, confusion, and social concerns. The subcategories were annoying physical characteristics, mental suffering, disturbing sexual changes, concerns about public reaction, helplessness, surrender, the final solution, retreating to isolation, stressful family conditions, and lack of public recognition. Conclusion The findings showed that people with gender dysphoria suffer from some problems including living in agony, confusion, and social concerns. Each of these problems is associated with several challenges. It seems that most of the challenges faced by people with gender dysphoria are caused by unawareness of their conditions by the family and the public, which in turn is caused by the failure of related organizations and experts in this field to provide adequate information about the conditions of these people. Thus, the findings of the present study can have some implications for resolving the challenges faced by people with gender dysphoria.

Background & Aim: A large number of drug users make attempts to cease drug use; however, a relapse tendency often emerges subsequent to the cessation period. The present study aimed to examine the effect of emotion regulation skill training on self-control and psychological distress among opioid-dependent people hospitalized at Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over the fourth quarter of the year 2022, focusing on 80 drug users who underwent treatment at Baharan Psychiatric Hospital in Zahedan. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and subsequently assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a total of 10 sessions of training in emotion regulation skills. The self-control and psychological distress questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the psychological distress score among opioid addicts in both the intervention group (P

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Fordyce Happiness Training Program on the parental competence of mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 mothers of premature infants who were admitted to a NICU in Iran. Mean Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) scores of participants in the intervention group before and after training were 61.32 ± 6.44 and 68.52 ± 2.52. Mean PSOC scores for those in the control group before and after the intervention were 64.47 ± 11.08 and 65.30 ± 6.90, respectively. The two groups showed significant differences in terms of parental competence after the happiness training program (p = 0.0001). NICU admission of a premature baby not only has a negative effect on the mother's emotional state but it can also adversely affect the parental sense of competence. Therefore, considering the psychological needs of mothers of premature infants, it is worth considering implementation of programs such as Fordyce Happiness Training, to promote and maintain the mental health of mothers.

Background & Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses working in psychiatric departments were also involved, which affected their mental health. The present study aims to determine the effect of psychological immunization on perceived stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in nurses working in the psychiatry department of a hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted from February to June 2022. Participants were 50 nurses from the psychiatry department of Baharan Hospital in Zahedan city who were selected by a census method, and were assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included a demographic form, the perceived stress scale, and the corona disease anxiety scale. The psychological immunization was provided in two four-hour workshops. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using mean, standard deviation and chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. P

Background & Aims Breast cancer is one of the common diseases in women that endangers their physical and mental health. Rumination is one of the psychological problems in these women. The present study aims to determine the effect of an educational program based on hope therapy on the rumination of women with breast cancer. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consist of all women with breast cancer referred to the chemotherapy departments of hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The sampling was done using a continuous method. Then, the samples were divided into intervention (n=50) and control (n=50) groups randomly by lottery method. The intervention was conducted at eight group sessions, twice a week. The data collection tools were a demographic form and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). The data were analyzed in SPSS software, verion 16. Results The mean score of rumination before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.29). After the intervention, the difference between the two groups was significant (P=0.0001). The paired t-test results showed a significant difference in the mean score of rumination before and after the intervention in the intervention group (P=0.003), but there was no significant difference in the control group (P=0.89). Conclusion Education based on hope therapy can positively affect the rumination of women with breast cancer. By an hope therapy-based intervention, the disturbing thoughts, which are mostly related to disease and despair, can be reduced in women with breast cancer experiencing rumination.

Background & Aims Aging is associated with declined health. To maintain the health of the elderly, it is necessary to develop preventive health measures. Social well-being is an important dimension of health in the elderly. The present study aims to determine the effect of group reminiscence therapy on the social well-being of retired older men in Zahedan, Iran. Materials & Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in 2018. Participants were 90 retired older men aged 60-75 years in Zahedan, Iran who were selected by a convenience method and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection tools were a demographic form and Keyes’ social well-being scale-short form. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software, version 16. Results The Mean±SD age was 68.02±3.46 in the intervention group and 68.64±4.60 years in the control group. The results of independent t-test showed that the mean score of social well-being after reminiscence intervention was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.002). Conclusion Group reminiscence therapy has a positive effect on the social well-being of retired older men. Since the elderly are interested in sharing memories and considering that reminiscence therapy is an attractive, simple and cost-effective intervention, it can be used to improve their social well-being.

Background & Aim: Pre-hospital emergencies are one of the most stressful medical professions. Stressful jobs affect employees’ resilience and their ability to control anger. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of psycho-education on the level of anger and resilience among pre-hospital emergency staff. Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 120 people employed in urban and road centers in Zahedan were included through the convenience sampling method. To determine the intervention and control group, out of 24 available centers, 12 centers were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 12 centers to the control group. First, a demographic information form and the self-reported anger and resilience questionnaires were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group participated in five sessions of psycho-education in groups of 8-12 people. The questionnaires were completed again by both groups two months after the intervention. Data was analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test). Results: The results of independent t-test showed no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of resilience score among pre-hospital emergency staff between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P=0.492), but after the intervention the difference was significant (P=0.009). Also, the results of independent t-test showed no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of anger control score among pre-hospital emergency staff between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P=0.672), but after the intervention, mean and standard deviation of anger control score in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of in the control group (P

Objective (s): Family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders experience a great deal of psychological burden. Various interventions have been performed to reduce the psychological problems and psychological burden of caregivers. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a psychoeducational intervention and quality of life therapy on the psychological burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental illness. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 150 family caregivers of severely mentally ill patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2020. Caregivers randomly were allocated in three groups: quality of life therapy intervention (50 people), psycho-education intervention (50 people) and control group (50 people). The quality of life therapy intervention group received 8 sessions and psycho-education group received four sessions training during two weeks each lasting for 90 minutes. The psychological burden of caregivers was assessed before and 4 weeks after the training through using the Zarit burden questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Results: The mean score of psychological burden of caregivers was significantly different between the three groups after the intervention (P = 0.002). Post hoc analysis showed that the mean score of psychological burden of caregivers in quality of life therapy group and psychological education was significantly different from the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the mean score of psychological burden of caregivers in quality of life therapy was significantly less than the score in psychological educational intervention group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Quality of life therapy was more effective in reducing the psychological burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders compared to psychological educational intervention.

Introduction: Psychological factors including depression and anxiety are the most critical risk factors in the treatment and prognosis of heart failure which should be addressed in treatment and care programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral training (CBT) on depression severity and self-care ability of patients with heart failure. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial that carried out on 80 patients with heart failure who had been hospitalized in 2018. The participants were divided into the CBT group (n= 40) and the conventional training (CT) group (n= 40), randomly. Data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) version 6.2 before and 8 weeks after the educational interventions. Data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and covariance analysis. Results: The mean score of self-care in the CBT group turned out to be significantly higher than the CT group after receiving the intervention. Also, the mean depression score of the CBT group 26.95 (5.53) after intervention was significantly lower than the CT group 36.04 (8.45). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral intervention, compared with conventional training, had a greater positive impact on improving self-care and alleviating the severity of depression symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended that the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy be integrated into routine educational programs.

Background and Objective: Following the self-care behaviors is considered as one of the fundamental factors of treatment in hemodialysis patients. Patients’ perception of support will control their mental tensions and cause them to follow the self-care behaviors, and then it will promote their general health. The main purpose of the current study was “identification of the perceived supports for self-care in hemodialysis patients”. Materials and Methods: this study was conducted on the base of content analysis conventional. The study participants were 9 patients, 3 families having hemodialysis patients, and 2 nurses working in dialysis section. We made use of purposive sampling and continued gathering the data till we reached data saturation point. Besides, the data gathering procedure was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data was analyzed through content analysis. Results: The present study’s findings included a main category of perceived support and three subcategories of constructive support, destructive support, and individual’s feeling of the provided support; and all of these conditions indicated nature and dimensions of the role of perceived support in hemodialysis patients’ self-care. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that hemodialysis patients can use the support provided during the illness, including constructive support, destructive support, and one's sense of support to enhance self-care behaviors and improve their quality of life. Therefore, nurses, physicians, and families Hemodialysis patients should pay more attention to patient support.

Background & Aim: Addiction as a crisis and a chronic long-term disorder can lead to mental health symptoms in the users and their family members, the most common of which are stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a quality of life intervention on the psychological reactions in family caregivers of addicts. Methods & Materials: This study is a clinical trial. The research population included the family caregivers of addicts admitted to Baharan psychiatric hospital in 2018. The sample consisted of 80 subjects who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The caregivers in the intervention group received eight sessions of group counseling based on quality of life therapy and based on specified content, every other day. Eight weeks after the intervention, the data were collected using the DASS-21, and were analyzed by the SPSS software version 21 using paired t test, independent t test, Chi-square and Covariance. Results: After the quality of life intervention, the mean scores of stress, anxiety and depression in family caregivers in the intervention group (11.50±4.36, 11.05±3.49, 10.57±4.67) were significantly lower than those of in the control group (14.67±4.93, 14.02±4.33, 13.40±4.77) (P

Introduction: Middle age is a developmental stage. Women in this stage are capable of preserving and promoting their own health as well as the health of other members of their families. In fact, women's health can assure other family members’ health. Studies indicated that to preserve and promote their own health, women take several initiatives, which are process-based. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the processes used for preserving and promoting health process in middle-aged women. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using a grounded theory method. The participants were 20 middle-aged women who were selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. The required data were collected by semi-structured interviews with the participants. Data collection and analysis were done simultaneously from the first stage. Accordingly, all the recorded interviews were transcribed. Then, the transcribed data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s approach and the extracted concepts and themes were categorized. Results: Changes in physical and mental health status are identified as a main concern of middle-aged women. The ongoing process to remove concerns and preserve and promote health among the participating women appeared in maintaining im/balance in health, in/efficient adjustment, and moving toward change. Conclusion: The health-oriented behaviors were represented by three forms of process. In fact, these three formations are not independent of each other, but, paralleled, interrelated and with different speeds reinforced health-oriented behaviors among women to preserve and promote their health. The identification of health-oriented behaviors formation in middle-aged women can help community health nurses know the type of behaviors, processes, and elements that enable women to preserve and promote their own health.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in the world. Many depressed patients are being hospitalized in psychiatric centers every year, which can lead to hopelessness and indifference. Considering the role of family as a support system in caring for depressed patients, the goal of the present study is to assess the effects of regular family appointments on the hope of hospitalized depressed patients. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial on 70 hospitalized depressed patients in the Baharan psychiatric hospital of Zahedan. Block Randomization was used to categorize the participants continuously into two groups intervention (n=35) and control groups (n=35). The data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire and Schneider hope scale. The patients in the interventions group received 6 sessions of regular family appointments with first- degree relatives. The control group received freely and without any planning appointments. Hope level was measured and compared before and after the intervention for two groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS using the chi-square test, the independent t-test and the paired ttest. Results: The results showed that both groups were homogeneous in terms of sociodemographic differences. The hope scores of patients in the intervention group significantly increased compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: Encouraging family cooperation and using patient's choice in selecting visitors is recommended.

Background & Aim: Substance use as a crisis and a long-term chronic disorder can lead to psychological burden and reduce the quality of life of family caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the quality of life therapy intervention on the burden of the family caregivers of addicts. Methods & Materials: This is a clinical trial. The research population included all the family caregivers of the recovering addicts, admitted to Baharan psychiatric hospital in Zahedan in 2018. The samples were 80 people who were randomly divided into either intervention or control group. Caregivers in the intervention group received eight sessions of group counseling based on the quality of life therapy and on the basis of the determined content, every other day. Before the intervention and eight weeks after the intervention, the data were collected using the Zarit burden questionnaire and were analyzed by statistical tests through the SPSS software version 21. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean score of burden between the two groups (P=0.25). After the intervention, the mean score of family caregiver burden in the intervention group (40.10±12.92) was significantly lower than in the control group (46.80±13.58) (P

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, is endemically observed in different parts of Iran in two forms of anthroponotic and zoonotic. The identification of both species and the type of disease are beneficial for treatment and prevention. Microscopic identification of Leishmania species has not provided promising efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the Leishmania species that are responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Zahedan/ Iran by using PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques. Method: Direct smears were obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis suspected individuals with low parasitemia in cutaneous lesions referred to Zahedan health centers. Eventually, the DNA was extracted from smears using DNA extraction kit. PCR was used to amplify both Leishmania kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA) and ITS1 locus of ribosomal DNA. Additionally, PCR-RFLP on ITS1 products was conducted to determine parasite species. Results: PCR-RFLP test (detecting ITS1 locus) on all positive samples in microscopic analysis led to the identification of Leishmania major in 52 samples (54.7%), and 43 cases were detected to have Leishmania tropica (45.3%). On the other hand, kDNA-PCR results indicated a frequency of 68 (55.7%) for L. major and 54 (44.3%) for L. tropica. Conclusion: Due to the high frequency of kDNA in parasitic genome, PCR-kDNA compared to PCR-RFLP shows a higher efficiency and accuracy not only in identifying infection, but also in determining parasite species, especially among the patients with fewer lesions. This study also indicates that both L. tropica and L. major could be found in Zahedan, with a greater tropical leishmaniasis endemicity.

Background and purpose: Administering drugs is one of the primary nursing acts in hospital wards and medication errors are one of the worst errors among nurses leading to unpleasant results for patients. Thus, this study aimed to identify ways to prevent medication errors in the hospital wards in Iran. Materials and methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted on 16 nurses and 1 physician from 10 August 2019 to 30 March 2020. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to extract key themes from the data. Results: The two themes extracted to prevent medication errors were “acting professional” and “presenting technical strategies”, respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that medication errors happen due to various reasons but if the nurses act professionally and the control systems like accreditation have a clearer role, both the medication errors and their prevention methods are discovered.

Aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important health problems that are capable of involving both tropical and subtropical areas, especially in Iran. This cross-sectional study aimed to differentiate the species that are able to cause CL in Zahedan city by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Materials and Methods: It was conducted on 145 suspected CL patients in Zahedan city between 2014 and 2016. The smears were initially prepared, air-dried, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with 10% Giemsa. Then, we examined the stained samples by a light microscope under 1000× magnifications. PCR assay targeted cytochrome b (cyt b) gene using LCBF1 and LCBR2 primers and the products digested by Ssp1 enzymes. Results: From 145 suspected CL patients, 76 (52.4%) were positive in microscopic examination. In addition, we detected gene of interest (cyt b) in 98 (67.5%). The results of PCR-RFLP indicated that 53/98 (54%) cases were Leishmania major and 45/98 (46%) were Leishmania tropica, and the main species in these areas was L. major. Conclusion: We concluded that the microscopic examination is not sensitive enough and is not able to distinguish between different Leishmania species. Instead, molecular methods like PCR-RFLP can be appropriately used with promising results.

Background and purpose: Hydatidosis is highly prevalent worldwide which mainly involves liver and lung. There are some drugs sensitive to the hydatid disease but surgery is still the most common form of treatment. Different chemical agents are used for inactivation of protoscolices during surgery but most leave serious side effects. Therefore, herbal extracts have received more attention as replacing agents that have acceptable scolicidal effects and no adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the scolicidal effects of mixture of Artemisia, Eucalyptus and ginger extracts on hydatid cyst protoscolices in vitro. Materials and methods: Hydatid liver cysts isolated from sheep were collected from a slaughterhouse in Hamedan, Iran. The cysts fluid containing live protoscolices were aspirated aseptically. The effect of two concentrations of the methanolic extracts of the mixture (50 and 100 mg/ml) was investigated at 15 and 30 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Data analysis was done applying Chi-square test. Results: The mixture of eucalyptus and ginger extracts showed acceptable scolicidal effects in which after 15 and 30 min exposure at 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations it killed 97.24% and 100% of protoscolices, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that mixture of Eucalyptus and ginger had high scolicidal activity in vitro condition. Therefore, it could be used in surgical treatment of hydatid cyst after complementary researches.

Background: Women in their middle-age enjoy abilities that affect their health promotion and improvement. Throughout their entire lifetime, women strive to maintain and improve their health through benefiting from behaviors that come from experience. Objective: This study was carried out with the aim of identifying self-care behaviors that middle-aged women consider as far as maintaining and promoting their health are concerned. Methods: The study was conducted using a qualitative approach in conventional content analysis. Participants comprised of 20 middle-aged women from Zahedan, Iran in 2016 that were invited to enter the study using purposive sampling, and were given semi-structured interviews. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed, reviewed and then the subcategories were extracted. Results: The findings of this study include a main category "preventive self-care behaviors" and three subcategories of "understanding health and disease", “health knowledge" and "awareness of the health threats". Conclusion: The findings suggest that preventive self-care behaviors of women are associated with features such as understanding health and disease, health knowledge and awareness of the associated health risks. As a matter of fact, preventive behaviors encompass strategies that women apply to improve their physical and mental health

Background: Contextual factors impact health the same way social and cultural conditions do. Women’s health, with its varying dimensions, is also under the influence of biological, societal, and cultural contexts. This typical condition has been developed along the continuum of their life cycle, bearing close correlation with their lif style. Therefore, identifying those marices within which women’s health behaviors are formed is important.This study aims at exploring the contextual factors affecting women’s health in Sistan and Baluchestan in Iran. Methods: This study was carried out using a qualitative method, on a content analysis approach. Participants were 20 middle-aged women from Zahedan who entered the study with purposive sampling method. The method of collecting data was face-to- face and through conducting semi-structured interviews. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed, andreviewed, from which categories were extracted. The semantic similarities were revised and subcategories were identified, and then the related subcategories were arranged under one category. Results: Two main categories of “features of context-based structure” and “changes in the cultural context” prove to be the basis for health behaviors in women. As for the category of “characteristics of context-based structure”, individual, familial and environmental characteristics were identified, and regarding the category of “changes in the cultural context”, the context-based cultural features were identified. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that effective contextual factors influencing women’s living conditions had a decisive role in their health behaviors. In fact, the context- based structure in association with the cultural changes that have occurred in the beliefs of men and women, have had a decisive role in the women’s health behaviors.

The purpose of recent study is recognition of the most important financial ratios by which can evaluate company's performance. Therefore the total of accepted companies in stock exchange in Tehran which was active in 1390-1393 are considered as statistical universe of the research through which 102 companies organize the mass of statistical sample based on systematic elimination sampling method. The from the view point of exploratory and functional purpose, the research method is descriptive and interconnection including post –eventual researches. Analysis of data is accomplished by factorial analysis, structural equations modeling and two algorithms by using of CHAID, C&RT software , SPSS, SMARTTPLS, CLEMENTIN decision tree. after explanatory ,factorial analysis, the results of research show that the number of 24 ratios from the total of considered 28 financial ratios is effective in evaluation of company's performance which these ratios are classified in seven categories in terms of weight of each of them from total variance by using of main factor analysis PCA. in next stage, for studying the type of relations and the amount of variant interconnection, confirmatory factorial analysis is performed in structural equations modeling and the main model presented. Finally the result and drawing decision tree indicate that decision tree algorithms are presented the best prediction with the highest accuracy and among the sum of ratios, activity ratio has the most effect on performance evaluation

Background & Aim: Improving the mental health of mothers of children with thalassemia major who experience great caregiving burden, requires an efficient supportive training to be developed and implemented. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of a group supportive training on caregiving burden in the mothers of children with thalassemia major. Methods & Materials: A quasi-experimental study (IRCT2016122731612N1) was conducted on 80 mothers of children with thalassemia, referred to Aliasghar hospital in Zahedan in summer 2016. The mothers were selected through convenience sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups of 40 each. The intervention group received four sessions of supportive training during four weeks. Data were collected by the Caregiver Burden Inventory. SPSS version 21 and independent t test, paired t-test and the analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score of caregiving burden before training in the intervention and control groups were respectively, 86.60±13.55 and 92.37±8.54 and declined to 59.62±9.90 and 89.57±5.83 after the intervention. Furthermore, The caregiving burden score in five dimensions including temporal, developmental, physical, social and emotional was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P

Background and objective: The individual protective behaviors have essential role in prevention or decrease the incidence of the harmful effects of detergents. This study aimed to determine the Effect of education based on Awareness on the harmful effects of detergents and disinfectants on hospital service personnel. Methods: This Quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 off hospital service personnel that randomly divided to control and Intervention groups. Data collection tool was a Multi-section questionnaire includes demographic, Awareness and practice, that its validity and reliability was confirmed by expert and Cronbakh Alpha test. After primary data collecting, educational intervention performed and two months later data in both groups was collected again and analyzed in spss16 soft-ware using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Results showed that after intervention only in experimental group the mean scores of Awareness off 12/82±2/42 with 18/06±3/25 and preventive behaviors on hospital service personnel off 14/50 ± 3/41 with 20/06 ± 3/76 meaningful increased. Conclusion: The results showed that education intervention based on Health education was useful in increasing Awareness and promoting preventive behaviors of detergents and disinfectants on hospital service personnel Paper Type: Research Article.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most important causes of death in the world. Many cancer patients are hospitalised at the end of their life, requiring end-of-life care. Aim: To elucidate the Iranian oncology nurses’ experience of caring for dying cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a conventional content analysis method. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with16 purposefully selected nurses who were providing end of life care for cancer patients in the oncology wards. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Three themes emerged from the text including: patient-centered care, family-centered care, and personal and professional characteristics of the nurses. These three themes defined a more general class or category entitled; “holistic care”. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that end-of-life patients require holistic care. Therapeutic relationships underlie professional holistic care and are essential for the end of life care. Proper education and professionally led supervision should be included in the curriculum of nursing education in Iran.

Sustaining long-term price stability, even when the central bank does not adopt an explicit inflation targeting policy, is known as the primary objective of monetary policy. Moreover, due to the lags of monetary policy, choosing appropriate measure of inflation is very important. Thus, in many countries, core inflation is widely calculated as an indicator that clarifies long-term trend of inflation and it is used to predict inflation and also to have an inflation target. The concept of core inflation and its efficiency in identifying long-term inflation trend can help policy-makers to have a better understanding of inflation components. Inflation in Iran has been influenced by many internal and external shocks. In this study, core inflation in Iran is estimated by using the Kalman filter in the context of structural time series during the period of 1974-2011. Based on the result, core inflation is affected by long-run effects of variables such as monetary base and liquidity and it has fluctuations like the measured inflation and the value of core inflation on average in the period under study is 15 percent.

It is necessary to identify unidentified or less- concentrated issues in women's health dimension through an extended study. This study is done to identify different dimensions of women's health among qualitative research.The present meta-synthesis study is done through a systematic review. The main criteria were to use qualitative studies issued in the same language and researches in which their participants were women. All the published and indexed articles related to women's health in Iran at SID, Magiran and Iranmedex databases from 2001 to 2013 were scrutinized. Search in these databases was done using key words "health" and "women". Finally, 29 qualitative articles were chosen. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis.Generally, concepts extracted from women's health dimension are classified in three main categories including personal, familial and social dimensions. Each category includes some subcategories, too. Personal factors consist of physical, psychological -emotional and spiritual; familial factors consist of fertility, husband's support and women's fundamental roles, and social factors consist of cultural, socioeconomically support, and women's management issues.In this meta-synthesis study, there was an effort to present a new interpretation of the previous studies. This study helped attain a more comprehensive and deeper knowledge about women's health concept and reveal its different aspects, which are not assessed in the country.