Search

This experiment was carried out at College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Microscopically, no adverse histopathological changes were seen in the kidneys, liver, gills and intestines of Cyprinus carpio for T2(replacing fishmeal with 5% lentil) and T3 (replacing fishmeal with 10% lentil) in comparison with the control (T1). However, various levels of adverse histopathological changes were seen in the T4(replacing fish meal with 15% lentil) and T5 (replacing fishmeal with 20% lentil). In the kidneys, dilation of the Bowman’s spaces was evidently associated with a decrease in the mesangial cellularity of glomerular tuft. In the liver, congestion of the central vein was apparent together with centrilobular infiltration of inflammatory cells. In the gills, hyperplasia of primary and secondary lamellae was evident. In the intestine, vacuolar degeneration of the lining epithelial cells was apparent together with extravasation of RBCs associated with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. In conclusion, the partial replacement of the fishmeal in diets of C. carpio by crude lentil seeds was safe at the 5% and 10% levels as indicated by various levels of adverse histopathological effects on the kidneys, liver, gills, and intestine.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chlorella and germinated barley powder on the hematological and biochemical parameters of (Cyprinus carpio L.). An experiment was designed with five treatments; Groups included T1: Diet without any supplement (Control), T2: adding 5 % Chlorella/ kg diet, T3: adding 10 % Chlorella / kg diet, T4: adding 10 % germinated barely / kg diet, T5: adding 20 % germinated barely/ kg diet. At the end of the experiment, the hematological and Immunological parameters were measured. The results revealed that supplementation of Chlorella and germinated barley in diets in which T4 were higher significantly in each of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles. T1 was significantly higher in the control. A different significance observed in each of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). Significant variants observed in differential WBC count in T2 and T4 and Monocytes %, a significant difference seen among the treatments in each of Lymphocytes % and Granulocytes %. Significant differences occurred by adding the Chlorella and germinated barely in each Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Albumin and Globulin among treatments. A significant difference observed in the Hepatosomatic index and Gillsomatic index, T5 with 20 % germinated barely was differ significantly in each of Spleensomatic and Kidneysomatic Index. Based on the results, supplementation of Chlorella and germinated barley in diet can play a role in effecting on some blood and biochemical parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chlorella and germinated barley powder on the hematological and biochemical parameters of (Cyprinus carpio L.). An experiment was designed with five treatments; Groups included T1: Diet without any supplement (Control), T2: adding 5 % Chlorella/ kg diet, T3: adding 10 % Chlorella / kg diet, T4: adding 10 % germinated barely / kg diet, T5: adding 20 % germinatedbarely/ kg diet. At the end of the experiment, the hematological and Immunological parameters were measured. The results revealed that supplementation of Chlorellaand germinated barley in diets in which T4 were higher significantly in each of hemoglobin and red blood corpuscles. T1 was significantly higher in the control. A different significance observed in each of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). Significant variants observed in differential WBC count in T2 and T4 and Monocytes %, a significant difference seen among the treatments in each of Lymphocytes % and Granulocytes %. Significant differences occurred by adding the Chlorella and germinated barely in each Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST), Albumin and Globulin among treatments. A significant difference observed in the Hepatosomatic index and Gillsomatic index, T5 with 20 % germinatedbarely was differ significantly in each of Spleensomatic and Kidneysomatic Index. Based on the results, supplementation of Chlorellaand germinated barley in diet can play a role in effecting on some blood and biochemical parameters.

The anesthetic efficacies of natural anesthetic (clove) in forms of powder were evaluated on young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with the mean weight of 60±10 g for handling and health management experiments. These works were conducted in the laboratory of fish research in the Department of Animal Science, Collage of Agricultural Sciences at University of Sulaimani. Safety concentrations of anesthetics type and concentration were assessed by using form of clove (powder); each with three replicates within each replicate five fish used for measuring induction times to anesthesia. The induction time of C. carpio which decrease with increasing concentrations of clove powder, the induction time was less than three minutes for a dose of 400 mg/L, with significant different (P

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة أثر الاقتصاد الخفي على حجم الإنفاق الحكومي في العراق للفترة(2000 – 2013) في الآجلين القصير والطويل، وقد تم استخدام الأساليب القياسية المتمثلة باختبار جذر الوحدة واختبار التكامل المشترك ونموذج تصحيح الخطأ للوصول إلى هدف البحث. وتوصل البحث إلى أن نتائج البحث في الأجل القصير عن الأجل الطويل لم تختلف كثيراً ، فعلى ضوء نتائج تقدير معادلة التكامل المشترك (العلاقة طويلة الأجل) ونتائج تقدير نموذج تصحيح الخطأ (العلاقة قصيرة الأجل) تبين أن متغير حجم الاقتصاد الخفي سالب ومعنوي التأثير على حجم الإنفاق الحكومي في الأجلين من خلال تخفيض حصيلة الضرائب وبالتالي انخفاض الإنفاق الحكومي وعدم القدرة على تمويل المشاريع التنموية الحكومية. وتبين من نتائج البحث أن هذا التأثير السلبي للاقتصاد الخفي على حجم الإنفاق الحكومي في العراق ضئيل لأن نظام الاقتصاد العراقي لا يعتمد بشكل رئيسي على النظام الضريبي ولكنه يعتمد أساساً على عوائد مبيعاته من النفط والذي يشكل مصدرا أساسيا للدخل القومي وبالتالي أساسا للإنفاق الحكومي.

This experiment was conducted for 70 days on 165 common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerlings which were brought from local fish farms located in Daqooq, Haftaghar, Al-Tameem province. Fishes were distributed among experimental tanks with mean initial weight of 24.09 gm. They were pre-acclimated to laboratory conditions for 21 days prior to the feeding trials. The experiment was conducted by using 15 plastic tanks (100 L) representing five treatments with three replicates. Each tank was stocked with 11 fishes. Treatments included 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10 gm grape byproduct/ kg diet. The result showed that red blood cell (RBC) data of the control group was significantly higher than other treatments. Hemoglobin of fishes in groups 2.5 and 10 gm/ kg diet was significantly different from other treatments. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values for 0.0, 5.0 and 10 gm/kg groups were significantly different, so mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values showed significant differences resulted from 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 gm/ kg diet compared to 2.5 gm/ kg diet group. The white blood cells (WBC) were significantly different in 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 gm/ kg diet. Granulocyte percentages obtained in all treatments were significantly different from control. Lymphocyte percentages were significantly different in all treatments compared to 10 gm/ kg diet group. The Monocytes were significantly different in 2.5, 7.5 and 10 gm/ kg groups.

This study was carried out to examine the effect of Fructooligosaccharide as a source of prebiotic, and commercial dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a source of probiotic and their combination in different level as a source of synbiotic. The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Sulaimani University. The trials lasted for three months after 21 days of adapting period 120 common carp fingerlings with an average weight of 20 ±2 gm, were used to test the effect of different levels of the Fructooligosaccharide, yeast and their combination. In T1 fish were fed a diet with 2.5 gm/kg Fructooligosaccharide, in T2, fish were fed a diet 2.5 gm/kg yeast, T3 represents the third treatment, in which fish were fed on a diet 5 gm/kg Fructooligosaccharide. While, in T4 fish were fed a diet 5 gm/kg yeast, and T5 2.5 Fructooligosaccharide: 2.5 Yeast (gm/kg), T6 was 5 Fructooligosaccharide: 5 yeast (gm/kg), T7 2.5 Fructooligosaccharide: 5 Yeast gm/kg), while T8 5 Fructooligosaccharide, 2.5 (gm/kg) Yeast. Each treatment in three replicates in which five fingerlings common carp were stocked in plastic tanks, which fed the experimental diets twice daily. Blood parameters of tested fish showed significant differences in Red blood cell count (1012 cells/l) in T5 and T7 by 1.235 and 1.260, respectively. Hemoglobin (g/dl) data were 117.000 in the fifth treatment. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg/cell) was 121.400 in T2, 137.850 in T3, 121.050 in T4, and 135.300 in T6; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/l) was 924.000, in the seventh treatment, mean corpuscular volume were (fL) 232.500 and 233.050 in T4 and T8 respectively. There were different effects of the treatment in the studied blood parameters in which the level of 2.5 g/kg in both Fructooligosaccharide and dry yeast affect significantly the Red blood cell, White blood cell and Hemoglobin.

This study was carried out at fish laboratory of Animal Production Department, college of Agriculture, university of Sulaimaniya using commercial dry yeast probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in three concentration ( 3%, 5% and 7%) to study their effects on growth performance of common carp fingerlings( Cyprinus carpio) fed diets and some of water parameters.The experiment was included nine treatments each in three replicates (plastic aquaria) in which 10 fingerlings common carp of the same size and weight (3.5 gram) were stocked in each aquarium. The actual experimental feeding trials durated for three months. Results indicated that thethird treatment(7% concentration of the yeast) giving more weight gain, growth rate and best relative growth weight.Monthly samples of water were taken from each pond for measuring water quality control, temperature and dissolved oxygen, BOD5, pH, EC (dc/m), TDS, No2 (mgl-1 No2-N), No3 (mgl-1 No3-N).

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Institutions of higher education are increasingly becoming dependent on Web-based marketing to reach out to their target audiences. The current empirical study examines the types of impressions formed by prospective students based on exposure to different university Web site images. A between-subjects experiment was conducted using four identical university Web sites that differed only in their visual representation of campus architecture (modern/traditional) and landscaping (presence or absence of contextual greenery). The results show how the types of visuals viewed influence impressions about academic prestige, athletic reputation, cultural vitality and invitingness of a university. (Contains 7 figures and 1 table.)

The present study was done to assess the effects of dietary oak (Quercus aegilops L.) acorn powder (OAP) on the growth performance, somatic indices, and hemato-biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., reared at different stocking density conditions. For this purpose, fish (~55 g) were distributed into sixteen 70-L tanks at a density of 3 g/L (LSD) or 10 g/L (HSD) and fed diets supplemented with 0.0 (control) or 10 g OAP/kg for 6 weeks. The results showed significant increase in the performance of fish fed with the OAP additive at both stocking densities, but it was retarded at the control-HSD level. Fulton's condition (K) factor as well as hepatic, gonads, and kidney somatic indices remained constant after the experimental period, but viscera and spleen somatic indices were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary OAP and stocking density. The dietary OAP caused significant increases in counts of white blood cells and red blood cells as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit values in LSD conditions, while the control-HSD fish showed their lowest values. Additionally, the dietary OAP and stocking density were significantly modulated by the biochemical variables. In the control-HSD fish, higher glucose levels accompanied with lower levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin were observed. Fish reared under the control-HSD conditions showed highest levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, creatinine, and uric acid, while their lowest values were recorded with the OAP-LSD fish. The control-HSD fish had highest levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides among the experimental groups. The dietary supplementation of OAP to the fish in HSD conditions induced significant (P < 0.05) decreases in total cholesterol and triglycerides than the control-HSD fish group, and their lowest levels were obtained at the OAP-LSD fish. Levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were significantly (P > 0.05) modulated by dietary OAP and stocking density. The highest level of LDL was recorded in the control fish at both densities, while the highest level of HDL was obtained in the control-LSD fish. The dietary supplementation of OAP enhanced the hemato-biochemical parameters of the control fish at HSD conditions to be similar to the control-LSD fish. In conclusion, a dietary level of 10 g OAP/kg diet was confirmed as a natural feed additive to improve aquaculture and welfare of common carp, especially under high stocking density conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to evaluate the using of phytoplankton; Chlorella pyrenoidosa (ChP), zooplankton; Daphnia magna (DaM), and their combination as feed supplements for common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Seven diets were formulated as a commercial diet (T1) without any feed supplement, T2 – T3; a commercial diet enriched with 25 g and 50 g ChP/kg diet, respectively, T4 – T5; with 25 g and 50 g DaM/kg diet, respectively, T6; with 25 g ChP + 25 g DaM/kg diet, and T7; with 50 g ChP + 50 g DaM/kg diet. Fish (27.5–29.1 g) were fed on one of the experimental diets up to apparent satiation twice a day for 12 weeks. It was noticed that the supplements of ChP, DaM, and their combination significantly (P <.05) improved the growth performance of common carp. It was also noticed that fish fed on DaM (T4 – T5) showed superior growth over those fed only ChP (T2 – T3). Moreover, both feed supplements (ChP + DaM) significantly improved the feed intake and its highest amounts were obtained at T5 – T6; meanwhile, there were no significant (P >.05) differences in values of feed conversion ratio. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, or different somatic indices of liver, gills, viscera, kidney, and spleen of fish fed different diets. Significant increases were also observed in values of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit accompanied with significant (P <.05) declines in values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in fish fed diets enriched with ChP, DaM, and their combination. Compared to the control group, serum total protein and triglycerides were significantly (P <.05) increased in experimental fish groups with no difference among them. Other blood parameters including serum glucose, cholesterol, both low density and high density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase did not show significant (P >.05) differences between the control and experimental groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that combination of ChP and DaM could be used as feed supplements at levels of 25 g ChP + 25 g DaM/kg diet where both of them possess a significant role in improving the growth and health of common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for Halal pharmaceutical products in Malaysia has been on the rise, but this positive trend is accompanied by concerning issues such as the use of fake Halal logos and the inclusion of non-Halal ingredients in pharmaceutical products, which present risks to consumers and undermine trust in the industry. Accordingly, tort law emerges as one of the legal mechanisms for consumers seeking redress in cases involving fake Halal logos and non-Halal ingredients. With the application of a doctrinal method based on qualitative legal research methodology, this article analyses the remedies under tort law. The study investigates the effectiveness of remedies provided by tort law in dealing with these issues. Findings reveal that the existing remedies under tort law do not entirely safeguard consumers’ apprehensions related to fake Halal logos and non-Halal ingredients. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive review of existing laws to ensure that they provide complete protection for consumers and help to promote the continuous growth of the Halal pharmaceutical industry in Malaysia.

Various levels of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) (JAT) powder and Sprout Germinated Barley (SGB) powder were added to diets of young common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) with a content of 30% of crude protein in this study to detect their effect on growth performance, for a period of ten weeks. It's a Weight Gain (WG), Daily Weight Gain (DWG), Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and feed utilization, it's a Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), Feed Efficiency Rate (FER) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). The (JAT) powder was added at the rate of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/kg, for the first, second, and third treatments, respectively, and adding (SGB) powder 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/kg for the fourth, fifth and sixth treatments, respectively, then control without addition, The third treatment 7.5 g/kg JAT outperformed significantly p<0.05 for all parameters over all treatments, and this significant p<0.05 superiority involved the sixth 7.5 gm/km SGB treatment for two criteria were WG and RGR, and did not differ significantly p<0.05 from the rest of the trial treatments, except for the control group which decreased significantly p<0.05 for all treatments and for all criteria. The feed utilization criteria significantly p<0.05 outperformed both the third treatment, 7.5 gm/kg JAT and the sixth treatment, 7.5 gm/kg, for the terms FER and PER. And criteria FCR, the same treatments recorded the best ratios for feed transfer significantly p<0.05 on all transactions, while the worst one was the control significantly p<0.05 for all treatments and all criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant roles of natural Azolla filiculoides on the physiological and biological aspects of young common carp. The fish were fed 0 (control), 2.50, 5.00 and 7.5% of azolla powder for 8 weeks. There were significant differences among treatments for weight gain, specific growth rate and relative growth rate. Also, significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) for RBC, Hgb, MCV, PLT and WBC. On the other hand, there were no significant differences for MCH, MCHC, Granules, Lymphocyte and Monocyte. AST, total protein, globulin and albumin in fish plasma were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for those fed with 2.50, 5.00 and 7.5% azolla than those in treatment 1(control). The highest blood glucose value was in T1 (control) which significantly differs from that in 3 and 4. There was a significant difference in plasma cholesterol of fish fed with azolla compared to control, as well as in values of triglyceride between treatment 4 and all others. Finally, there were significant differences for Hepatosomatic index, Spleenosomatic index and condition factor. The results of this study confirmed that natural azolla (5.00 and 7.5% g kg-1 feed) had significant effects on physiological, nutritional and biological parameters of common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]