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M Ellen Kuenzig,1,2 Therese A Stukel,3,4 Matthew W Carroll,5 Gilaad G Kaplan,6 Anthony R Otley,7 Harminder Singh,8– 10 Alain Bitton,11 Stephen G Fung,12,13 Sarah Spruin,3,14 Stephanie Coward,6 Yunsong Cui,15 Zoann Nugent,8 Anne M Griffiths,1,2,16 David R Mack,12,13,17 Kevan Jacobson,18 Geoffrey C Nguyen,3,4,19 Laura E Targownik,19 Wael El-Matary,20 Charles N Bernstein,8,9 Trevor J B Dummer,21 Jennifer L Jones,15 Lisa M Lix,22 Sanjay K Murthy,14,23– 25 Juan Nicolás Peña-Sánchez,26 Soheila Nasiri,12,13 Eric I Benchimol1– 4,16 On behalf of the Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium1SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children (Sickkids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 3ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 4Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 5Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 6Departments of Medicine & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 7Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; 8Univeristy of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 9Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 10Research Institute at CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 11McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Montreal, Québec, Canada; 12CHEO Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHEO, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 13CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 14Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 15Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; 16Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 17Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 18Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 19Mount Sinai Hospital Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 20Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 21School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 22Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 23Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 24Division of Gastroenterology, The Ottawa Hospital IBD Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 25School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 26Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaCorrespondence: Eric I Benchimol, The Hospital for Sick Children Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada, Fax +1-416-813-4972, Email eric.benchimol@sickkids.caPurpose: The incidence of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising. We described variation in health services utilization and need for surgery among children with IBD between six and 60 months following IBD diagnosis across Canadian pediatric centers and evaluated the associations between care provided at diagnosis at each center and the variation in these outcomes.Patients and Methods: Using population-based deterministically-linked health administrative data from four Canadian provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario) we identified children diagnosed with IBD < 16 years of age using validated algorithms. Children were assigned to a pediatric center of care using a hierarchical approach based on where they received their initial care. Outcomes included IBD-related hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and IBD-related abdominal surgery occurring between 6 and sixty months after diagnosis. Mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results and examine the association between center-level care provision and outcomes.Results: We identified 3784 incident cases of pediatric IBD, of whom 2937 (77.6%) were treated at pediatric centers. Almost a third (31.4%) of children had ≥ 1 IBD-related hospitalization and there were 0.66 hospitalizations per person during follow-up. More than half (55.8%) of children had ≥ 1 ED visit and there were 1.64 ED visits per person. Between-center heterogeneity was high for both outcomes; centers where more children visited the ED at diagnosis had more IBD-related hospitalizations and more ED visits during follow-up. Between-center heterogeneity was high for intestinal resection in Crohn’s disease but not colectomy in ulcerative colitis.Conclusion: There is variation in health services utilization among children with IBD and risk of undergoing intestinal resection in those with Crohn’s disease, but not colectomy among children with ulcerative colitis, across Canadian pediatric tertiary-care centers. Improvements in clinical care pathways are needed to ensure all children have equitable and timely access to high quality care.Plain Language Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic health condition of the gastrointestinal system, which is becoming more common in children. They require lifelong treatment and receiving high quality care is important for preventing complications. We determined if outcomes of children with IBD was different across Canada. We also tested if differences in care at diagnosis was related to outcomes. More than three-quarters of children with IBD were treated at pediatric hospitals. Children treated at some hospitals were more likely to be hospitalized and visit the emergency room when compared to children treated at other hospitals. Children with Crohn’s disease (one type of IBD) were more likely to have surgery at some hospitals when compared to children treated at other hospitals. We should improve care to make sure children living with IBD have timely access to high quality specialist care.Keywords: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, health administrative data, variation in care, health services utilization, surgery

In this work, to investigate the dynamical nature of the kinematic asymmetry in the isolated gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxy W LM in the Local Group, we consider that the dark matter halo and the disk do not have the same center of mass (i.e., the disk lies off-center in the potential of the extended dark matter halo), which is one of the possible physical explanations for the kinematic lopsidedness. To do so, we generate a lopsided halo potential by considering two dark matter mass density models, ISO and Burkert, and we add up the contribution to the rotation curve of a perturbation term [V.sub.1](R)cos[phi] in the gravitational potential, which arises from the offset between the disk and the dark matter halo. We show that such an m = 1 perturbation improves the rotation curve modeling when compared to a non-perturbed potential and the shape of the HI gas rotation curves is fitted better in the approaching side if the perturbation term in the halo potential is taken into account for this galaxy dynamics. In fact, displacing the disk center by 0.1 kpc from the halo center is sufficient to provide such an improvement in modeling the rotation curve. Key words: galaxy, kinematics and dynamics, structure, halo, dwarf. Afin etudier la nature dynamique de l'asymetrie cinematique dans la galaxie naine WLM irreguliere, isolee, riche en gaz et membre du groupe local, nous examinons ici l'idee que son halo de matiere noire et son disque n'ont pas le meme centre de masse, i.e. le disque est decentre par rapport au potentiel du halo de matiere noire etendue, ce qui est une des explications physiques possibles de l'asymetrie cinematique. A cette fin, nous generons un potentiel de halo asymetrique en considerant deux modeles pour la densite de masse de la matiere noire, ISO et Burkert et nous additionnons la contribution a la courbe de rotation du terme de perturbation [V.sub.1](R)cos[phi] dans le potentiel gravitationnel, qui provient de la separation entre le halo du disque et celui de la matiere noire. Nous montrons qu'une telle perturbation m = 1 ameliore la modelisation de la courbe de rotation, lorsque comparee au potentiel non perturbe, et qu'alors la forme des courbes de rotation du gaz HI est mieux ajustee numeriquement dans le cote d'approche si le terme de perturbation dans le potentiel du halo est pris en compte dans la dynamique de la galaxie. En fait, un deplacement du centre du disque de 0.1 kpc du centre du halo est suffisant pour produire un tel deplacement dans la modelisation des courbes de rotation. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : galaxie, cinematique et dynamique, structure, halo, naine., 1. Introduction It is accepted that galaxies are surrounded by large dark matter halos, which are much more massive than the visible components of galaxies and dominate much of their [...]

Introduction: Water shortage has become a global problem and has caused many problems in agriculture and food supply for the growing world. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as the fourth mostly-cultivated cereal, is one of the most strategic crop plants which is produced almost all over the world as a source of and important staple food and animal feed (Thabet et al., 2020). Food uncertainty is a comprehensive obstacle becomes more serious hazard all over the world in particular in developing countries for the sake of overpopulation and dwindling accessibility of croplands, water and other resources related to agricultural scopes. Water scarcity, results in plenty of disturbances in plant functions like cell division and elongation, water and nutrients relations, photosynthesis, enzymes activity, stomata movement, assimilate partitioning, respiration, oxidative damage, growth, and productivity, as several types of researches show that water shortage in the soil cause many disorders in plant tissues, which in turn leads to a punctual diminish in the photosynthesis rate (Todorova et al., 2022). In such a trouble circumstances, most of the plants are not capable to absorb abundant water, which is required for optimized growth (Danish et al., 2020). Materials and methods: To investigate the impact of different irrigation regimes as well as foliar application of methyl jasmonate on growh, physiological and biochemical characteristics of barley varieties, an experimental research using factorial split plot design in 3 replications was carried out in experimental farm of the faculty of agriculture at the University of Zanjan in 2021-2022 cultivation season. In this experiment, irrigation regimes as the main factor, including complete irrigation as the control, withholding water in flowering stage, withholding water in grain filling period and complete dry farming, varieties as the secondary factor including Bahman, Sahand, Jolgeh, Abidar as well as Ansar, and foliar application of methyl jasmonate including without spraying (control) and spraying 50 μmol of methyl jasmonate were investigated. Results showed that the effect of irrigation regime had significant impact on almost all of the characteristics except chlorophyll a/b. Results and discussion: Varieties showed considerable difference from the aspect of height, concentration of soluble sugar and grain yield. Effect of Methyl jasmonate on the relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugar content, proline content, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield (4762 kg ha-1) was detected when variety of Jolgeh was irrigated normally and was sprayed by 50 μmol of Methyl jasmonate and the lowest grain yield (432 kg ha-1) was seen when variety of Bahman was dry-farmed without foliar application of methyl jasmonate. Conclusion: The current study illustrated that barley can be grown in drought stress conditions if the right management is set on its cultivation. Methyl jasmonate showed a significant impact on the growth characteristics, biochemical and physiological attributes of the barley, despite the fact that drought had substantial adverse effects on the studied parameters of barley. However, drought resulted in different properties in barley varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two technologies of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are emerging in the development of new sources of energy and lighting, respectively. The exceptional features of these technologies, including their color, insensitivity to temperature, and high response angle, have caused their attention and development. Organic compounds play a key role in these two technologies and cause the effective response and stability of the device, so high stability, longevity, and the possibility of simple application in the structure of the structure are of great importance. Molecular engineering and the application of various substitutions to the naphthalimide core can produce promising results for the preparation of stable organic materials with diversity in properties. In this review, naphthalimides are introduced as an effective core in the preparation of lightand electricity-sensitive dyes. Its application in two technologies, DSSCs and OLED, is explained, and the different components of these technologies are briefly introduced. One of the highest efficiencies reported for dye-sensitized solar cells based on naphthalimide as photosensitizers is 10.8 %. This sensitizer has alkyl and indoline groups. Different structures of arrangement of electron donor and electron acceptor groups will be investigated and the performance efficiency of these devices will also be investigated. Studies show that the amino group is an important substitution in the preparation of naphthalamide fluorescent dyes. The presence of this group will increase the efficiency of the amplifier by up to 10 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic systems, for example, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), are one of the useful tools for producing renewable and green energy. To develop DSSCs technology, it is necessary to overcome obstacles such as the need for expensive compounds. Organic dyes system containing responsible group for using in dye-sensitized solar cells and effective anchoring group for improving interaction between dye (photosensitizers) and nanolayer were designed and prepared. A series of DSSCs were designed and manufactured based on organic dyes as photosensitizers. The π-electrons in the HOMO orbitals of the dyes are delocalized only in dyes 1 and 2. A new MoS2/GO hybrid or composite was also employed instead of platinum. The DSSCs were prepared using MoS2/GO hybrid or composite and compared with that containing platinum. Under same conditions, the DSSCs with MoS2/GO composite illustrated better efficiency than MoS2/GO hybrid. The proposed dyes used as photosensitizer in a dye solar cell structure in the presence of Na-doped TiO2 and their photovoltaic properties investigated. The highest PCE in the presence of GO/MoS2 nanocomposite as opposite electrode and TiO2 and Nadoped TiO2 is 5.14 and 5.48, respectively, and corresponds to dye 8. The improved performance of Na doped TiO2 based DSSC could be attributed to the enhancement in optical properties of the sample by decreasing the intrinsic defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand incorporated the hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine into the infant combination vaccine known as pentavalent wP-containing vaccines (DTwP-HB-Hib) and hexavalent aP-containing vaccines (DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib). We followed healthy children from the clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02408926) in which children were randomly assigned to receive either pentavalent or hexavalent vaccines for their primary series (administered at 2, 4, and 6 months) and first booster vaccination (at 18 months), following the monovalent HepB vaccine at birth. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the persistence of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age. The results showed that at 7 years of age, a higher percentage of children in the hexavalent group maintained anti-HBs levels ≥ 10 mIU/mL compared to those in the pentavalent group (86.9 % vs. 59.7 %). This study showed good persistence of anti-HBs among hexavalent-vaccinated children 5.5 years after the last dose of the HepB vaccine.

ABSTRACTThailand has incorporated the whole-cell (wP) pertussis vaccine into the expanded program on immunization since 1977 and has offered the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine as an optional vaccine for infants since 2001. We followed healthy children from a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02408926) in which children were randomly assigned to receive either pentavalent (DTwP-HB-Hib) or hexavalent (DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib) vaccines for their primary series (administered at 2, 4, and 6 months) and first booster vaccination (18 months). Both groups received Tdap-IPV as a second booster at the age of 4 y. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of antibody persistence to diphtheria toxoid (DT), tetanus toxoid (TT), and Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) between 2 and 6 y of age annually, and for the immunogenicity study of Tdap-IPV at 1 month after the second booster. Antibody persistence to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was followed until 3 y of age. A total of 105 hexavalent-vaccinated children and 91 pentavalent-vaccinated children completed this study. Both pentavalent and hexavalent groups demonstrated increased antibody levels against DT, TT, and B. pertussis antigens following the second booster with Tdap-IPV. All children achieved a seroprotective concentration for anti-DT and anti-TT IgG at 1 month post booster. The hexavalent group possessed significantly higher anti-pertactin IgG (adjusted p = .023), whereas the pentavalent group possessed significantly higher anti-pertussis toxin IgG (adjusted p

Engineering education is based on the technical methods in the present form. Information revolution causes to access the technical education materials as a widely spread form by the students. These materials are more effective than the traditional engineering education. Thus, it is necessary to change the engineering education methods from the classical form. General workshop is a first-year course for the engineering students and it is an introduction on the engineering regulations. Nowadays, this course is run to teach the practical training. However, this goal cannot be achieved because of the short period of the course, various topics of the course and improper education methods. In this paper, this course is revised based on the teaching of engineering concepts to the students. Various engineering concepts are explained which can be educated in this course without considerable changes in practice but with magnificent change in the course prospective. It is expected that this new design helps the students more to be familiar with the engineering concepts and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]