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Cristian Ramos-Vera,1 Angel García O’Diana,1 Dennis Calle,1 Miguel Basauri-Delgado,2 Bruno Bonfá-Araujo,3 Ariela Raissa Lima-Costa,4 Mirko Duradoni,5 Shagufta Nasir,6 Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla,7 Jacksaint Saintila8 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad César Vallejo, Lima, Peru; 2Postgraduate School, Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón, Lima, Peru; 3Faculty of Social Science, the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; 4Graduate Program of Psychology, Universidade São Francisco, Campinas, Brazil; 5Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 6Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru; 8Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, PeruCorrespondence: Jacksaint Saintila, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Carretera a Pimentel, Km 5, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, 14001, Peru, Email jacksaintsaintila@gmail.comBackground: Previous research has suggested that manipulation and callousness are central to Dark Triad traits, but it has not identified which specific manifestations are expressed across various countries.Objective: This study aimed to identify the core and overlapping manifestations of Dark Triad traits across 10 countries.Methods: We used the Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale and assessed a sample of 8093 participants (59.7% women, M(age) = 32.68 years). For graphical representation, the spinglass algorithm was applied to understand the cluster distribution among Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and subclinical narcissism traits. Centrality indices were used to identify the most influential items, and the clique-percolation algorithm was employed to detect shared attributes among multiple Dark Triad items.Results: Straightforward SD3-21 items demonstrated better interpretability as aversive traits within the broader system. Items with higher centrality values were those related to short-term verbal manipulation from the psychopathy domain, clever manipulation, strategic revenge-seeking from Machiavellianism, and narcissistic motivations for connecting with significant individuals. The most predicted items were linked to planned revenge, using information against others from Machiavellianism, short-term psychopathic verbal manipulation, and narcissistic belief of specialness based on external validation. Items like short-term verbal manipulation had overlaps with both psychopathy and narcissism clusters, while clever manipulation overlapped with Machiavellianism and psychopathy.Conclusion: This cross-cultural study highlights the central role of verbal manipulation within the Dark Triad traits, along with identifying overlapping items among traits measured using straightforward SD3 scale items. In line with our findings, future research that incorporates a wide range of cultural contexts is encouraged to establish the consistency of these findings with the SD3 Scale or alternative measures.Keywords: dark triad traits, network analysis, personality, subclinical traits, cross-cultural

Background: Food safety in food industries requires compliance with the basic requirements of good hygiene practices or prerequisite programs (PRPs), along with a food safety management system (FSMS) such as HACCP and ISO 22000. Objective(s): This study aimed to assess and implement PRPs in a dairy products plant, in Gaza strip, Palestine. Methods: The assessment of the PRPs in the plant was conducted by using a pre-structured checklist for observation of the 14 PRPs parameters. It was followed by rehabilitation to ensure that products meet the prerequisite of quality and safety. Results: The overall score percentage of the available required elements of the PRP was 60.2%, with highest score for product information and consumer awareness (100%). While the lowest score was for both environment and location (28.6%) and utilities as air, water, and energy (46.66%). The deficiency in PRP was more pronounced in the pest control and product recall procedures (0% each). After rehabilitation, the overall score percentage of PRPs parameters were improved to 95.5%. The score percentage of waste disposal, equipment suitability, cleaning and maintenance, management of purchased materials, measures for prevention of cross-contamination, cleaning and sanitizing product recall procedures, warehousing and training was improved to 100%. Also, the score percentage of pest control parameter increased to 85.7%. Conclusion: Implantation of PRPs in a dairy products plant with sustainable rehabilitation is considered a prophylactic means for producing safe products and the foundation stone to apply any FSMS.

Iman Khan,1 Taimoor Asif Jaura,2 Alaa Tukruna,3 Aabiya Arif,1 Sameer Saleem Tebha,4 Sameen Nasir,5 Dattatreya Mukherjee,6 Nadia Masroor,7 Abubakr Yosufi8 1Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan; 2General Adult Psychiatry, Southwest London and Saint George’s Mental Health Nhs Trust, London, UK; 3Department of Medicine, Batterjee medical college, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan; 5Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; 6Department of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of medical and health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan; 8Medical School, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Abubakr Yosufi, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan, Tel +93 747236767, Email abubakr.educational@gmail.comAbstract: About 40% of the people with the obsessive-compulsive-disorder do not experience the desired outcome after the existing treatment, and its several side effects were reported. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alternative drugs and assess the possibility of their use as treatment options for obsessive-compulsive-disorder. The Scientific databases PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Directory of Open Access Journals, MedRxiv and BioRxiv, were searched from inception to March 2022, using appropriate search strategies for each drug and following the Prisma guidelines 2020. Studies were selected according to the already set criteria and assessed for bias. Data were extracted, and descriptive and continuous data were analyzed and presented as frequency/percentage and mean. A total of 16 observational and interventional studies were included for data extraction. The studies focused on four drugs, Psilocybin (n=4), Cannabis (n=7), Nicotine (n=3), and Morphine (n=2), that were used to test out their effect on OCD symptoms. Overall, the majority of the studies showed promising results by documenting a reduction in Y-BOCS scores. However, few subjects, specifically those using nicotine or Cannabis, did not affect their condition or self-reported worsening symptoms. Few side effects were also noticed. This systematic review found that the drugs mostly showed a positive response. All Psilocybin and morphine users, 88.2% and 74.1% of the nicotine and Cannabis users, respectively, reported experiencing the positive effect of these drugs, indicating that these drugs have the potential to be used in the management of OCD. However, further research is required in this arena to thoroughly understand the mechanism of action by which these drugs produce their therapeutic effect. Policies to destigmatize and encourage clinical trials with these drugs are crucial for exploring the use of these drugs as a treatment option for OCD.Keywords: psychedelic, psychoactive, psychoneurotic disorders, obsessions, compulsions

Geoffrey A Talmon,1,2 Seif Nasir,2 Gary L Beck Dallaghan,3 Kari L Nelson,2,4 Daniel A Harter,1 Samir Atiya,1 Pranav S Renavikar,1 Michael Miller5 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; 2Office of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; 3Office of Medical Education, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 4Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; 5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USACorrespondence: Kari L Nelson, Email kari.nelson@unmc.eduPurpose: Prior studies suggest a role for promoting recognition of generational differences as a part of workplace ethics. To our knowledge, there is no published comprehensive analysis demonstrating how commonly or by what methods intergenerational dynamics are taught as structured coursework in medical school curricula. To address this gap, we carried out a survey of curriculum leaders of US medical schools to assess the current practices and attitudes toward content related to generational differences in medical school coursework.Methods: A survey consisting of 23 closed- and open-ended questions that aimed to assess the presence, characteristics, and attitudes of participants towards intergenerational dynamics in medical school coursework was disseminated via email. Curriculum deans at 154 allopathic medical schools were invited to complete the survey and sent one reminder email. Quantitative responses were descriptively analyzed, and qualitative responses were thematically analyzed.Results: The response rate was 38.3%, with the majority (58%) of responding institutions stating that their curriculum did not include coursework on intergenerational dynamics. When taught, the most frequent method of instruction was small-group activities. Most stated that the educational content for intergenerational dynamics has been part of their curriculum for fewer than five years. In total, 34% of respondents agreed that some form of education about intergenerational dynamics should be required during medical education as they felt that content could improve cultural competence. Those that were less supportive of inclusion of intergenerational material stated concerns about stereotyping and the value of generational descriptions.Conclusion: Our findings show a heterogeneity of responses on the perceptions and practice of curriculum leaders regarding inclusion of content related to intergenerational differences in medical school education. In summary, we present the first work assessing current practices and attitudes toward content related to the inclusion of material on intergenerational dynamics in undergraduate medical education in US allopathic medical schools.Keywords: intergenerational dynamics, medical school, teaching, curriculum

Summary: Background: Precise enteric fever disease burden data are needed to inform prevention and control measures, including the use of newly available typhoid vaccines. We established the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) to inform these strategies. Methods: From September, 2016, to September, 2019, we conducted prospective clinical surveillance for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) and Paratyphi (S Paratyphi) A, B, and C at health facilities in predetermined catchment areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh; Kathmandu and Kavrepalanchok, Nepal; and Karachi, Pakistan. Patients eligible for inclusion were outpatients with 3 or more consecutive days of fever in the last 7 days; inpatients with suspected or confirmed enteric fever; patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever from the hospital laboratories not captured by inpatient or outpatient enrolment and cases from the laboratory network; and patients with non-traumatic ileal perforation under surgical care. We used a hybrid surveillance model, pairing facility-based blood culture surveillance with community surveys of health-care use. Blood cultures were performed for enrolled patients. We calculated overall and age-specific typhoid and paratyphoid incidence estimates for each study site. Adjusted estimates accounted for the sensitivity of blood culture, the proportion of eligible individuals who consented and provided blood, the probability of care-seeking at a study facility, and the influence of wealth and education on care-seeking. We additionally calculated incidence of hospitalisation due to typhoid and paratyphoid. Findings: A total of 34 747 patients were enrolled across 23 facilitates (six tertiary hospitals, surgical wards of two additional hospitals, and 15 laboratory network sites) during the study period. Of the 34 303 blood cultures performed on enrolled patients, 8705 (26%) were positive for typhoidal Salmonella. Adjusted incidence rates of enteric fever considered patients in the six tertiary hospitals. Adjusted incidence of S Typhi, expressed per 100 000 person-years, was 913 (95% CI 765–1095) in Dhaka. In Nepal, the adjusted typhoid incidence rates were 330 (230–480) in Kathmandu and 268 (202–362) in Kavrepalanchok. In Pakistan, the adjusted incidence rates per hospital site were 176 (144–216) and 103 (85–126). The adjusted incidence rates of paratyphoid (of which all included cases were due to S Paratyphi A) were 128 (107–154) in Bangladesh, 46 (34–62) and 81 (56–118) in the Nepal sites, and 23 (19–29) and 1 (1–1) in the Pakistan sites. Adjusted incidence of hospitalisation was high across sites, and overall, 2804 (32%) of 8705 patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever were hospitalised. Interpretation: Across diverse communities in three south Asian countries, adjusted incidence exceeded the threshold for “high burden” of enteric fever (100 per 100 000 person-years). Incidence was highest among children, although age patterns differed across sites. The substantial disease burden identified highlights the need for control measures, including improvements to water and sanitation infrastructure and the implementation of typhoid vaccines. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Four new Schiff base functionalized 1,2,3-triazolylidene nickel complexes, [Ni-(L1NHC)2](PF6)2; 3, [Ni-(L2NHC)2](PF6)2; 4, [Ni-(L3NHC)](PF6)2; 7 and [Ni-(L4NHC)](PF6)2; 8, (where L1NHC = (E)-3-methyl-1-propyl-4-(2-(((2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate(V), 1, L2NHC = (E)-3-methyl-4-(2-((phenethylimino)methyl)phenyl)-1-propyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate(V), 2, L3NHC = 4,4′-(((1E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(3-methyl-1-propyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium) hexafluorophosphate(V), 5, and L4NHC = 4,4′-(((1E)-(butane-1,4-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(3-methyl-1-propyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium) hexafluorophosphate(V), 6), were synthesised and characterised by a variety of spectroscopic methods. Square planar geometry was proposed for all the nickel complexes. The catalytic potential of the complexes was explored in the oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde, using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant in the presence of acetonitrile at 80 °C. All complexes showed good catalytic activity with high selectivity to benzaldehyde. Complex 3 gave a conversion of 88% and a selectivity of 70% to benzaldehyde in 6 h. However, complexes 4 and 7–8 gave lower conversions of 48–74% but with higher (up to 90%) selectivity to benzaldehyde. Results from kinetics studies determined the activation energy for the catalytic oxidation reaction as 65 ± 3 kJ/mol, first order in catalyst and fractional order in the oxidant. Results from UV-visible and CV studies of the catalytic activity of the Ni-triazolylidene complexes on styrene oxidation did not indicate any clear possibility of generation of a Ni(II) to Ni(III) catalytic cycle.

Larry E Miller,1 Michael J Sloniewsky,2 Thomas E Gibbons,3 Janice G Johnston,4 Kent D Vosler,4 Saad Nasir5 1Miller Scientific Consulting, Inc., Asheville, NC, 2RMG Holding, Inc., Florence, 3Doctors Care, PA, Columbia, SC, 4Arrowhead Health Centers, Glendale, AZ, 5Fidia Pharma USA Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA Background: Given the poor long-term effectiveness of focused nonsurgical knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatments, alternative therapies are needed for patients who have unsuccessfully exhausted nonsurgical options.Methods: A telephone interview was conducted in patients who participated in a single 8-week multimodal knee OA treatment program (mean follow-up: 3.7 years, range: 2.7–4.9 years). The program consisted of five intra-articular knee injections of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan®), with each injection given 1 week apart, structured physical therapy, knee bracing, and patient education. Clinical outcomes included knee pain severity, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) subscores, current medication use, and history of total knee arthroplasty. Base-case, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the treatment program with comparisons made to historical literature controls undergoing usual care. Results: A total of 218 patients (54%) provided long-term follow-up data. Knee pain severity decreased 60% and WOMAC subscores decreased 33%–42% compared to baseline (all p

A new class of thiadiazole /silica nanocomposites with chemical bonds between thiadiazole monomers and modified nanosilica surface were synthesized by free radical polymerization. Presence silica nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposite showed effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of Producing polymers. A nanocomposite material with feature properties comparison with their polymers, The structure and morphology of the synthesis materials were investigated by FT-IR spectrum which display preparation new thiadiazole compounds and polymerization monomers. FT-IR showed disappeared double bond (C=C) of monomers, due to produce long chains of thiadiazole polymers and nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction gave idea about crystalline structure of nanoparticles and nanocomposite , X-ray showed that silica nanoparticles have high intensity at 18000 , due to nanoscale of particles which allowed for particles aggregation together. While nanocomposite show low intensity due to reacted thiadaizole polymer chains with silica nanoparticles surface. The distribution of nanoparticles had characterized by Atomic forces microscopy AFM. AFM results shown roughness in the surfaces of nanocomposites C1 and C2, comparison with silica nanoparticles which gave smooth surface. The roughness attributed to reaction between functionalized surface of silica nanoparticles and chains of thiadaizole polymers, which led to change in size particles distribution and surface of particles that refer to nanocomposite.

We have arranged two multipore membranes with conical nanopores in a three-compartment electrochemical cell. The membranes act as tunable nanofluidic diodes whose functionality is entirely based on the pH-reversed ion current rectification and does not require specific surface functionalizations. This electrochemical arrangement can display different electrical behaviors (quasi-linear ohmic response and inward/outward rectifications) as a function of the electrolyte concentration in the external solutions and the applied voltage at the pore tips. The multifunctional response permits to implement different logical responses including NOR and INHIBIT functions.

Abstract With the development of internet technologies, it is now usual to communicate enormous amounts of text and visual data over networks, which calls for stringent procedures to guarantee confidentiality and integrity throughout transmission. An important part of safeguarding image communication over secure channel is cryptography. This study proposes an effective way to secure sensitive data by creating tamper-proof cryptosystems and authentication mechanisms. By employing elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to generate secret encryption key and chaotic maps to successfully disguise and alter plain image pixel values, the technique strengthens overall system security through the use of hybrid cryptography. The method has a big enough key space to withstand brute-force attempts and exhibits robustness against statistical and differential attacks through analysis including evaluations and assessments of correlation, entropy, and histograms as well as evaluations such as NPCR, UACI, PSNR and keyspace analysis validate the efficacy of the proposed image encryption algorithm, affirming its systematic and robust nature and its capacity to offer superior image encryption protection over some existing ones.