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3. Perceived discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19, mental health, and emotional responses – the international online COVISTRESS survey

Author

Dambrun, Michaël, Bonetto, Eric, Motak, Ladislav, Baker, Julien S., Bagheri, Reza, Saadaoui, Foued, Rabbouch, Hana, Zak, Marek, Nasir, Hijrah, Mermillod, Martial, Gao, Yang, Antunes, Samuel, Ugbolue, Ukadike Chris, Pereira, Bruno, Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste, Nugier, Armelle, Clinchamps, Maëlys, Dutheil, Frédéric, Dieckmann, Peter, Dambrun, Michaël, Bonetto, Eric, Motak, Ladislav, Baker, Julien S., Bagheri, Reza, Saadaoui, Foued, Rabbouch, Hana, Zak, Marek, Nasir, Hijrah, Mermillod, Martial, Gao, Yang, Antunes, Samuel, Ugbolue, Ukadike Chris, Pereira, Bruno, Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste, Nugier, Armelle, Clinchamps, Maëlys, Dutheil, Frédéric, and Dieckmann, Peter

Abstract

Background Despite the potential detrimental consequences for individuals’ health and discrimination from covid-19 symptoms, the outcomes have received little attention. This study examines the relationships between having personally experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 (during the first wave of the pandemic), mental health, and emotional responses (anger and sadness). It was predicted that covid-19 discrimination would be positively related to poor mental health and that this relationship would be mediated by the emotions of anger and sadness. Methods The study was conducted using an online questionnaire from January to June 2020 (the Covistress network; including 44 countries). Participants were extracted from the COVISTRESS database (Ntotal = 280) with about a half declaring having been discriminated due to covid-19 symptoms (N = 135). Discriminated participants were compared to non-discriminated participants using ANOVA. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effect of emotional responses and the relationships between perceived discrimination and self-reported mental health. Results The results indicated that individuals who experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 had poorer mental health and experienced more anger and sadness. The relationship between covid-19 personal discrimination and mental health disappeared when the emotions of anger and sadness were statistically controlled for. The indirect effects for both anger and sadness were statistically significant. Discussion This study suggests that the covid-19 pandemic may have generated discriminatory behaviors toward those suspected of having symptoms and that this is related to poorer mental health via anger and sadness.

Published
2023

4. The Evolution of Effort-Reward Imbalance in Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in France—An Observational Study in More than 8000 Workers

Author

Delamarre, Louis, Tannous, Salma, Lakbar, Ines, Couarraze, Sébastien, Pereira, Bruno, Leone, Marc, Marhar, Fouad, Baker, Julien, Bagheri, Reza, Berton, Mickael, Rabbouch, Hana, Zak, Marek, Sikorski, Tomasz, Wasik, Magdalena, Nasir, Hijrah, Quach, Binh, Jiao, Jiao, Aviles, Raimundo, Network, Covistress, Clinchamps, Maëlys, Dutheil, Fréderic, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), CHU Marseille, Education, Formation, Travail, Savoirs (EFTS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), University of Isfahan, Université de Tunis, The Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce (UJK ), École d'économie - Clermont Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Universidad Finis Terrae, Service Santé Travail Environnement [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], and CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Workload, SARS-CoV-2, France, work-related stress, Siegrist’s framework, lockdowns, Job Satisfaction, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reward, Surveys and Questionnaires, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Prospective Studies, Pandemics, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

(1) Background: The effects of lockdown repetition on work-related stress, expressed through Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly documented. We investigated the effect of repetitive lockdowns on the ERI in French workers, its difference across occupations, and the change in its influencing factors across time. (2) Methods: Participants were included in a prospective cross-sectional observational study from 30 March 2020 to 28 May 2021. The primary outcome was the ERI score (visual analog scale). The ERI score of the population was examined via Generalized Estimating Equations. For each period, the factors influencing ERI were studied by multivariate linear regression. (3) Results: In 8121 participants, the ERI score decreased in the first 2 lockdowns (53.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.001; 50.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.001) and after lockdown 2 (54.8 ± 0.8, p = 0.004) compared with the pre-pandemic period (59 ± 0.4). ERI was higher in medical than in paramedical professionals in the pre-pandemic and the first 2 lockdowns. Higher workloads were associated with better ERI scores. (4) Conclusions: In a large French sample, Effort-Reward Imbalance worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic until the end of the 2nd lockdown. Paramedical professionals experienced a higher burden of stress compared with medical professionals.

Published
2022
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6. COVID‐19 lockdown consequences on body mass index and perceived fragility related to physical activity: A worldwide cohort study

Author

Urzeala, Constanta, Duclos, Martine, Chris Ugbolue, Ukadike, Bota, Aura, Berthon, Mickael, Kulik, Keri, Thivel, David, Bagheri, Reza, Gu, Yaodong, Baker, Julien, Andant, Nicolas, Pereira, Bruno, Rouffiac, Karine, Clinchamps, Maëlys, Dutheil, Frédéric, Mestres, Stéphanie, Miele, Cécile, Navel, Valentin, Parreira, Lénise, Boirie, Yves, Bouillon‐Minois, Jean‐Baptiste, Fantini, Maria Livia, Schmidt, Jeannot, Tubert‐Jeannin, Stéphanie, Chausse, Pierre, Dambrun, Michael, Droit‐Volet, Sylvie, Guegan, Julien, Guimond, Serge, Mondillon, Laurie, Nugier, Armelle, Huguet, Pascal, Dewavrin, Samuel, Marhar, Fouad, Naughton, Geraldine, Benson, Amanda, Lamm, Claus, Drapeau, Vicky, Avilés Dorlhiac, Raimundo, Bustos, Benjamin, Zhang, Haifeng, Quach, Binh, Duan, Yanping, Gao, Gemma, Huang, Wendy, Lau, Ka Lai Kelly, Zhang, Chun‐Qing, Jiao, Jiao, Chen, Kuan‐chou, Nasir, Hijrah, Cocco, Perluigi, Lecca, Rosamaria, Puligheddu, Monica, Figorilli, Michela, Charkhabi, Morteza, Pfabigan, Daniela, Dieckmann, Peter, Antunes, Samuel, Neto, David, Almeida, Pedro, Gouveia, Maria João, Quinteiro, Pedro, Dubuis, Benoit, Lemaignen, Juliette, Liu, Andy, Saadaoui, Foued, University of Physical Education and Sports from Bucharest (UNEFS), University of Bucharest (UniBuc), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ningbo University (NBU), University of the West of Scotland (UWS), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE), Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives - Clermont-Auvergne (UFR STAPS - UCA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Isfahan, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Unité de Biostatistiques [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Santé Travail Environnement [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Psychoneuroimmunologie, nutrition et génétique, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ningbo Dahongying University, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Service Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), WittyFit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Swinburne University of Technology (Hawthorn campus), University of Vienna [Vienna], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universidad Finis Terrae, Universidad de los Andes [Santiago] (UANDES), Hebei Normal University, Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), National Taïwan Sport University, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Stavanger, Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of Taipei, and King Abdulaziz University

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Sports medicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, Vulnerable populations, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Body Mass Index, RC1200, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Fragility, RA0421, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Exercise, Aged, 2. Zero hunger, 030503 health policy & services, pandemic, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, health, Original Articles, 3. Good health, Snowball sampling, vulnerable population, Communicable Disease Control, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Body mass index, Weight gain, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; Background: This paper is a follow-up study continuing the COVISTRESS network previous research regarding health-related determinants.Objective: The aim was to identify the main consequences of COVID-19 lockdown on Body Mass Index and Perceived Fragility, related to Physical Activity (PA), for different categories of populations, worldwide.Design: The study design included an online survey, during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown, across different world regions.Setting and participants: The research was carried out on 10 121 participants from 67 countries. The recruitment of participants was achieved using snowball sampling techniques via social networks, with no exclusion criteria other than social media access.Main outcome measures: Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected items were analysed. SPSS software, v20, was used. Significance was set at P < .05.Results: Body Mass Index significantly increased during lockdown. For youth and young adults (18-35 years), PA decreased by 31.25%, for adults (36-65 years) by 26.05% and for the elderly (over 65 years) by 30.27%. There was a high level of Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected for female participants and the elderly. Correlations between BMI, Perceived Fragility and PA were identified.Discussion and conclusions: The research results extend and confirm evidence that the elderly are more likely to be at risk, by experiencing weight gain, physical inactivity and enhanced Perceived Fragility. As a consequence, populations need to counteract the constraints imposed by the lockdown by being physically active.

Published
2021

7. Le déséquilibre effort–récompense durant la pandémie de COVID-19 en France

Author

Delamarre, Louis, Tannous, Salma, Lakbar, Inès, Couarraze, Sébastien, Pereira, Bruno, Leone, Marc, Marhar, Fouad, Baker, Julien S., Bagheri, Reza, Berton, Mickael, Rabbouch, Hana, Zak, Marek, Sikorski, Tomasz, Wasik, Magdalena, Nasir, Hijrah, Quach, Binh, Jiao, Jiao, Aviles, Raimundo, Clinchamps, Maëlys, and Dutheil, Fréderic

Abstract

Les effets de la répétition des confinements sur le stress au travail, exprimé par le déséquilibre effort–récompense (ER), au cours de la pandémie de COVID-19 sont peu documentés. Le déséquilibre effort–récompense (ER) est l’un des modèles représentant le stress lié au travail, proposé par Siegrist en 1996. Sa composante extrinsèque (ER) est associée au stress au travail et à des complications somatiques, y compris la mortalité cardiovasculaire. Nous avons étudié l’effet de la répétition des confinements sur la balance ER chez les travailleurs français, ses différences entre les professions et l’évolution de ses facteurs prédicteurs dans le temps.

Published
2024
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9. Perceived discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19, mental health, and emotional responses-the international online COVISTRESS survey.

Author

Dambrun M, Bonetto E, Motak L, Baker JS, Bagheri R, Saadaoui F, Rabbouch H, Zak M, Nasir H, Mermillod M, Gao Y, Antunes S, Ugbolue UC, Pereira B, Bouillon-Minois JB, Nugier A, Clinchamps M, and Dutheil F

Subjects
Humans, Perceived Discrimination, Pandemics, Emotions physiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Health, COVID-19
Abstract

Background: Despite the potential detrimental consequences for individuals' health and discrimination from covid-19 symptoms, the outcomes have received little attention. This study examines the relationships between having personally experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 (during the first wave of the pandemic), mental health, and emotional responses (anger and sadness). It was predicted that covid-19 discrimination would be positively related to poor mental health and that this relationship would be mediated by the emotions of anger and sadness., Methods: The study was conducted using an online questionnaire from January to June 2020 (the Covistress network; including 44 countries). Participants were extracted from the COVISTRESS database (Ntotal = 280) with about a half declaring having been discriminated due to covid-19 symptoms (N = 135). Discriminated participants were compared to non-discriminated participants using ANOVA. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effect of emotional responses and the relationships between perceived discrimination and self-reported mental health., Results: The results indicated that individuals who experienced discrimination based on the symptoms of covid-19 had poorer mental health and experienced more anger and sadness. The relationship between covid-19 personal discrimination and mental health disappeared when the emotions of anger and sadness were statistically controlled for. The indirect effects for both anger and sadness were statistically significant., Discussion: This study suggests that the covid-19 pandemic may have generated discriminatory behaviors toward those suspected of having symptoms and that this is related to poorer mental health via anger and sadness., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Dambrun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2023
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