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The current study aims to investigate the dynamic nexus between environmental degradation and economic growth in selected developing countries. To analyze the impact of control of corruption as a measure of governance, FDI, renewable energy and urbanization on economic growth and carbon emissions, the simultaneous equation modeling is applied. A panel of 18 selected developing countries for the time period 1995-2022 is taken for empirical verification of the relationship. This study employs descriptive analysis and for diagnostic checking the normality of residual is also tested for the possibility of any model misspecification. Correlation matrix is used to check the degree of multicollinearity among the independent variables. The nature of study indicate the use of simultaneous equation model where economic growth and carbon emission, as a measure of environmental degradation are indigenous variables. The statistical package EVIEWS is used in estimation and obtaining results. In the long run estimation model of CE, URBAN and PG are positively correlated with CE, and GDP, REEC, COC are inversely related to CE in selected developing countries. In model of GDP, CE, FDI and COC are positively correlating with GDP and REEC and PG are negatively affecting the GDP. more...

The governments of developing economies incentivize the cultivators of their most strategic crops by offering them minimum support price for their yield. This study aims at identifying distinctively the short-run dynamics and the long-run causal linkage of support price and yield rates for two major food crops of the country; wheat and sugarcane. Employing advance time-series econometric estimators of Error Correction Model (ECM) and Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) cointegration regression, results indicate the valid existence of hypothesized relationship over both short and longer time horizons. Each year, the short-term divergence of two crop yields from their long-run equilibrium paths turns out to be corrected with high speed of adjustment. The long-run association between two variables is also found evident with decent magnitude and high degree of statistical significance. These findings favour the use of support prices as a long-term policy tool for encouraging cultivation of wheat and sugarcane crops in country. However, the overall welfare consequences of such a policy should never be over-rated in a society like Pakistan which is largely characterized by horrific levels of corruption and innumerable administrative bottlenecks. more...

Present research aims at investigating the relationship between political and economic stability in Pakistan. Using secondary data over the period of 1987 to 2022, ARDL bound testing technique is employed to obtain short-run and long-run estimates of the regression model. It is found that political stability and economic stability have a positive and significant relationship. The study also establishes that increase in labor force, trade openness and real discount rate help to achieve economic stability while government expenditure negatively impact economic stability. Based on these conclusions, study proposes important policy recommendations including prudent fiscal management, labor market policies for workforce growth, efforts to promote political stability, cautious monetary policy management, and continued promotion of trade openness to foster stability in economic growth. more...

The focus of this study is to check how energy consumption is affected by tourism, FDI, and urban population in the Muslim nations keeping in view the role of government effectiveness during 2001-2022. The empirical analyses are based on slope homogeneity tests, cross-sectional dependency tests, unit root test and Panel ARDL tests. The empirical evidence suggests that carbon emissions, tourism, foreign direct investment, and urban population increase all have a positive impact on energy consumption. On the other hand, the efficiency of governance appears to have the opposite effect on energy use. Reducing carbon emissions while concurrently increasing energy efficiency, shifting to renewable energy sources, and minimizing the negative effects of energy usage on the environment and society is a worldwide necessity. more...

The present study endeavours to examine the determinants that contribute to the enhancement of environmental quality within specific developing economies while concurrently assessing the validity of transitioning these economies from fossil fuel dependency to renewable energy sources. To achieve this objective, panel data encompassing selected developing economies spanning the period from 2000 to 2022 has been collected from the World Development Indicators database. Fossil fuel consumption is quantified through measures of energy consumption, while renewables are gauged using indicators of renewable energy consumption and renewable electricity consumption. In terms of analytical methodology, both fixed-effect and random-effect models have been employed. The estimated coefficients from the empirical analysis reveal that energy derived from fossil fuels significantly correlates with higher carbon dioxide emissions in the selected developing countries, suggesting that a shift toward renewable energy sources and electricity consumption can serve as an effective strategy for mitigating carbon emissions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that carbon dioxide emissions may be curbed through the facilitation of international trade and the expansion of industrial activities. Conversely, greater levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) and government expenditure appear to be associated with increased carbon dioxide emissions in these developing economies. In light of these findings, it is recommended that the promotion and adoption of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy be prioritized as a means of effectively reducing carbon emissions and fostering environmental sustainability within these developing nations. more...

Within the context of South Asian nations, this study investigates how factors such as FDI, ecological footprint, green finance, utilization of renewable energy sources, and Information and Communication Technology all have a role in determining the quality of the environment. In order to investigate the dynamic interrelationships that exist among these elements, this study makes use of panel data and in order to evaluate the nature of the connection that exists between the variables that are the subject of this investigation, the research performs slope homogeneity tests as well as cross-sectional dependency tests. The research indicates that the ecological footprint, green financing, FDI, use of renewable energy, and ICT are all collectively responsible for the increase in carbon emissions and the deterioration of environmental conditions. However, the use of renewable energy sources has been shown to have an effect that is inversely proportional to the release of carbon emissions. The study utilizes a mixed order of integration (0,1) in order to derive short-run and long-run correlations among South Asian countries. The results indicate that several factors are exerting an influence on the quality of the environment. However, it is seen that the consumption of renewable energy is having an inverse impact on carbon emissions. more...

This paper explores the multifaceted impact of the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution on millennials, examining current research on how AI integration affects millennials in education, healthcare, relationships, and communication. An analysis of 68 articles from academic journals and digital platforms shows that AI is empowering learning through personal platforms, improving access to healthcare through telemedicine, and creating new opportunities and challenges for millennials. The effect of Artificial Intelligence in the form of opportunities and challenges in this study is important because it is relevant to the area of research, artificial intelligence, and millennials. Based on this literature-based analysis, the study finds that AI has a positive impact on millennials' education, health, relationships, and communication. more...

A bibliometric examination of green finance's contribution to environmental sustainability is the intended outcome of this work. The research also offers a policy framework for environmentally friendly financing. To produce the bibliometric analysis, we used proper keywords to sift through the Scopus database for relevant, peer-reviewed research articles published between 2008 and 2022 (Dec 2022). In this study, the titles, abstracts, keywords, frameworks, and headers of 444 relevant papers were screened using bibliographic coupling and text mining. The research used the scientific landscapes visualization tool for the analysis. Our evaluation provides a systematic account of the effectiveness of related works in the field of green finance. Authors, publications, and theoretical and topical contributions to the field are all revealed through bibliometric analysis. This paper provides a theoretical framework for future studies on the effects of green financing on sustainable environments. The interdependencies between different industries and how they might work together to protect the environment are also laid forth. Green finance plays a unique role in protecting the natural world. This work makes a contribution to the literature on green finance and sustainable environments by identifying theoretical clusters for future research on environmental performance. The paper also lays out the goals of the green finance policy framework. more...

To explore the impact of industrial value added, Foreign direct investment, population growth and Trade openness on Environment in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan is the aim of this study. This study used the data of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan from year 1990 to 2021 getting from World Development Indicators. Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was conducted for south Asian countries as a panel. We have found that industry value added and CO2 have a negative relation with each other in the empirical section. It is found that the positive correlation between Foreign direct investment and CO2 conclude that FDI is harmful for the environment, trade has negative correlation with the environment. The study found that the population growth has positive impact and renewable energy consumption has positive relation with CO2. This study suggests that trade liberalization measures have been pursued by promoting financial increase in south Asian countries but they have few potentially unfavorable environmental consequences. The findings are advised that the human behaviors could create consciousness in peoples to shield environment in south Asian regions. more...

Over 68% of Pakistan's population lives in rural areas, and they primarily rely on agriculture to make a living. Pakistan's rural non-farm economy is diverse, encompassing a wide range of activities. The objective of the current study is to quantify the effect of rural non-farm activities on rural household's income in Punjab, Pakistan's district of Bahawalpur. For households with lower incomes, the non-farm market is one of their main sources of income. The study's respondents were chosen using a multistage sampling process. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data throughout five stages. The findings demonstrate that non-farm activities increase the rural household's income and employment. The income of the household is positively and significantly influenced by education and experience. The results also shows that non-farm activities as well as non-farm participants augments rural income. From the policy prospective, it is recommended that in rural areas non-farm activities should be promoted. more...

The objective of the study is to analyze the role of government, social media, and medical specialists toward Covid-19 vaccination and to trace the response of the general public towards Covid-19 vaccination in the Bahawalpur district during the Pandemic period (June 2021). For this purpose, primary data from 445 households have been collected from people of different age groups having different educational & professional backgrounds. The Crosstab method has been utilized to analyze the response into percentages. The findings of the study show that the general public including youngsters (19-29 years of age) and the middle age group (30-59 years) are in favor to be vaccinated and they are agreed with the point that Vaccination may help them to be protected. The public clearly rejected the rumors like death after 2 years or vaccination is haram. The community of Bahawalpur appreciated and acknowledged the policies of the Government of Pakistan regarding Social Distancing, enforcement of SOPs during the Covid-19 period, and the Ehsas program relief package provided to the poor. Moreover, the contribution of Medical Specialists/ Pharmaceutical Researchers cannot be denied as they invented new and appropriate medicines/vaccines for the treatment of Covid-19 disease. more...

The study is conducted to explore the effectiveness of various variables i.e. Trade, Environmental Quality and Human Capital on Industrial Sector Output by taking data of 63 developing economies, Panel Unit root and Panel ARDL approaches are applied for empirical results. The supporting variable are selected from theoretical support like Labor, Capital, Broad Money, GDP deflator and human capital. The study explores that Money Supply, Human Capital, Government Expenditure and Capital Stock are increasing industrial sector output, but it is reduced by Carbon Dioxide Emission, Trade Openness, Labor Force and Price Level. more...

This paper contains a new human capital paradigm that measures Pakistan's economic development and human capital formation. The aim of this paper is to empirically estimate the impact of economic growth on human capital formation in Pakistan. Human capital is used as the dependent variable with govt. expenditures on secondary education, expenditures on tertiary education, current health expenditure and GROSS fixed capital formation as the independent variables. Data is taken from WDI and the P.W.T (10) for the period of 1990-2020. This study is based on time series analysis. In this study ADF unit root and ARDL techniques are used to analyze. gross fixed capital formation, tertiary education and health expenditures are necessary tools for human capital. Tertiary education enhances the productivity of individuals in Pakistan. Findings of this analysis argued that Pakistan has paid much attention to the quality of tertiary education and on current health expenditures and also try to the improvement of the net investment. It will be beneficial for the entire country. more...

The present study investigates the impact of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the efficiency of public service delivery (PSD) in the education sector of Punjab, Pakistan, from the year1982 to 2017. Firstly, the efficiency coefficients for secondary school enrolment are estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Secondly, the impact of FD on PSD in the education sector of Punjab, Pakistan, is analyzed using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method of estimation. The findings suggest that revenue decentralization positively enhances PSD efficiency in the education sector. In contrast, the effect of expenditure decentralization is negative on the efficiency of the education sector. more...

The human behaviors are regulated with cultural and social norms. In the modern time, the diversity of humanity due to globalism has changed the traditional ways of influencing human behavior. The technological advancement has changed the traditional concepts and the more developed mechanism are considered for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of innovative machine learning behavior, normative beliefs and perceived norms to influence the human behavior and emotions regulations in Pakistan. The Likert scale questionnaire was adapted to collected the quantitative data from the respondents for this study. The study demonstrates the significant role of innovative machine learning behavior, perceived norms and normative beliefs for behavior emotions regulations of the human being. The study also has significant framework as a contribution for the literature. The study provides significant practical implications to regulate the human behavior and influence it with the machine learning approach. more...

Monetary policy has been frequently used by many developing countries including Pakistan to curb inflation and smoothen macroeconomic fluctuations. In the near past, it has been observed that monetary tightening has been futile in curbing inflation in many developing economies including Pakistan especially after COVID-19. There is always a time lag before the money supply affects price level or other macroeconomic variables. This study focuses on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Pakistan by using monthly data on money supply and inflation for the period 2014:M01 to 2022:M05. After checking stationarity of the series, distributive lag model is estimated using least square method. It is found that there exists a sluggishness in the effectiveness of monetary policy in Pakistan and 4 to 5 months lag exists before the monetary policy exhibits its influence on inflation. It is also noticeable that the lag structure of monetary policy has been changed over time in Pakistan. more...

The paper aims at empirically investigating the long-run explanatory power of environmental quality and energy intensity towards aggregate health spending volumes for a set of 108 countries. The significance of CO2-related pollution and energy intensity levels as long-run determinants of health spending is well-evident, as proven from modern pooled data econometric procedures applied. Keeping in view the previous research on the subject, the sample set of countries is disaggregated into four distinct groups by following the World Bank’s country classification scheme i.e. low-income, lower-middle income, upper- middle income, and high-income countries. The hypothesized relationship between health spending, environmental pollution and energy intensity is empirically verified by employing the residual based (Pedroni cointegration test) and maximum likelihood based (Fisher- Johansen panel cointegration) test of co-integration. The obtained result reveal that plausible inter-relationship between carbon-related emissions and the consequent rise in health spending is found to be existing more prominently for upper-middle and high-income countries, relative to low- and lower-middle income countries, where the proposed relationships are found to be existing at less substantial levels. For the former set of countries, the series bears a positive and statistically significant coefficient value of 1.14 and 0.05, respectively. Energy intensity on the other hand turns out to be even more important long-run determinant of health expenditure. For upper-middle- and high-income country groups, the series bears a negative coefficient value of 0.20 and 0.22, respectively, with high degree of statistical significance. The negative coefficient value of energy intensity series implies that managing the levels of energy intensity up to optimal levels may contribute positively to reducing the growing volumes of public and private health spending. more...

Anaemia is the most common and prevalent maternal health issue in developing countries. It is a global challenge, not only for poorer populations of the world but also for developed countries. South Asia is part of the developing world and is severely affected by the problem of anaemia in pregnant women. The region also stands out in the pervasiveness of child marriages; in fact, it accounts for about half of the total child marriages occurring globally. The high incidence stems from socio-economic misery, prevalent in the form of gender inequality, male-dominated family culture, orthodox ethnic norms and inaccessibility to information on reproductive health. Unlike earlier studies which sought evidence more from cross-sectional data sets, this study investigates the explanatory power of adolescent fertility and low health expenditure on exceptionally high rates of anaemic pregnancies using modern econometric techniques with longer data sets comprising national aggregates. The results strongly suggest that for seven regional states, the proposed relationship holds valid. The robustness of short-run individual country estimates is challenged by testing the relationship through modern long-run pooled data estimators. The results are reasonably encouraging, recognizing the significant role of adolescent fertility and low levels of health spending, thus determining trend patterns of anaemic pregnancies region-wide. more...