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2. Understanding the interactions of African swine fever virus with dendritic cells and the adaptive immune response

Author

Nash, Rachel Harriet, Behboudi, Shahriar, Van Vliet, Arnoud, Netherton, Christopher, Reis, Ana, and Graham, Simon

Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a haemorrhagic fever in pigs for which there is no vaccine. ASFV infects macrophages (MΦ) in vivo, a professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) crucial for the adaptive and innate immune response to pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are another professional APC, however their role during ASFV infection is unclear and are a key focus of this project. The response of lymphocytes and APCs was assessed in vivo in both inbred and outbred animals, highlighting differences in the immune response in inbred animals, indicating a potential influence of the inbred nature of these animals in the development of a protective immune response to ASFV. The frequency and phenotype of DCs was also assessed over time, after in vivo inoculation with attenuated ASFV and challenge with virulent ASFV. Individual DC subsets expressed viral proteins in infected pigs and modulated surface expression of host proteins involved in antigen presentation which may influence the induction of a protective immune response in ASFV infection. To complement this in vivo approach, the susceptibility of enriched blood DC and monocyte subsets to infection with virulent or attenuated ASFV was tested in vitro. Due to the fragile and rare nature of blood DCs, monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), and MΦs (MoMΦs) were assessed as a potential model system to study DC and MΦ interactions with ASFV in vitro. MoDCs were slightly less susceptible to infection with virulent OURT88/1 compared to MoMΦs, while being equally susceptible to attenuated OURT88/3. OURT88/3 infection reduced the phagocytic ability of MoDCs and MoMΦs, while OURT88/1 infection did not, reflecting a potential maturation following OURT88/3 infection. This data demonstrates susceptibility and differential responses of DCs to virulent and attenuated ASFV isolates and support DCs as playing a role in determining protective immunity induced by attenuated ASFV.

Published
2021
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10. UNDERSTANDING THE INTERACTIONS OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS WITH DENDRITIC CELLS AND THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Author

NASH, RACHEL HARRIET

Abstract

"African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a haemorrhagic fever in pigs for which there is no vaccine. ASFV infects macrophages (M��) in vivo, a professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) crucial for the adaptive and innate immune response to pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are another professional APC, however their role during ASFV infection is unclear and are a key focus of this project., The response of lymphocytes and APCs was assessed in vivo in both inbred and outbred animals, highlighting differences in the immune response in inbred animals, indicating a potential influence of the inbred nature of these animals in the development of a protective immune response to ASFV. The frequency and phenotype of DCs was also assessed over time, after in vivo inoculation with attenuated ASFV and challenge with virulent ASFV. Individual DC subsets expressed viral proteins in infected pigs and modulated surface expression of host proteins involved in antigen presentation which may influence the induction of a protective immune response in ASFV infection., To complement this in vivo approach, the susceptibility of enriched blood DC and monocyte subsets to infection with virulent or attenuated ASFV was tested in vitro. Due to the fragile and rare nature of blood DCs, monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), and M��s (MoM��s) were assessed as a potential model system to study DC and M�� interactions with ASFV in vitro. MoDCs were slightly less susceptible to infection with virulent OURT88/1 compared to MoM��s, while being equally susceptible to attenuated OURT88/3. OURT88/3 infection reduced the phagocytic ability of MoDCs and MoM��s, while OURT88/1 infection did not, reflecting a potential maturation following OURT88/3 infection. This data demonstrates susceptibility and differential responses of DCs to virulent and attenuated ASFV isolates and support DCs as playing a role in determining protective immunity induced by attenuated ASFV."

Published
2022
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14. Ophthalmic statistics note 7: multiple hypothesis testing—to adjust or not to adjust

Author

Cipriani, Valentina, Quartilho, Ana, Bunce, Catey, Freemantle, Nick, Doré, Caroline J, Cook, Jonathan, Crabb, David, Cumberland, Phillippa, Czanner, Gabriela, Donachie, Paul, Elders, Andrew, Finana, Marta Garcia, Nash, Rachel, OʼLeary, Neil, Rogers, Chris, Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj, Skene, Simon, Stratton, Irene, Saunders, Luke, Xing, Wen, and Zhu, Haogang

Published
2015
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15. Ophthalmic statistics note 5: diagnostic tests—sensitivity and specificity

Author

Saunders, Luke J, Zhu, Haogang, Bunce, Catey, Doré, Caroline J, Freemantle, Nick, Crabb, David P, Cipriani, Valentina, Cook, Jonathan, Cumberland, Phillippa, Czanner, Gabriela, Donachie, Paul, Elders, Andrew, Garcia Finana, Marta, Nash, Rachel, OʼLeary, Neil, Prevost, Toby, Qaurtilho, Ana, Rogers, Chris, Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj, Skene, Simon, Stratton, Irene, Vasconcelos, Joana, and Xing, Wen

Published
2015
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16. Ophthalmic statistics note 6: effect sizes matter

Author

Cook, Jonathan A, Bunce, Catey, Doré, Caroline J, Freemantle, Nick, Cipriani, Valentina, Crabb, David, Cumberland, Phillippa, Czanner, Gabriela, Donachie, Paul, Elders, Andrew, Finana, Marta Garcia, OʼLeary, Neil, Nash, Rachel, Quartilho, Ana, Saunders, Luke, Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj, Rogers, Chris, Skene, Simon, Stratton, Irene, and Wen, X

Published
2015
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18. Ophthalmic Statistics Note 4: analysing data from randomised controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measurements

Author

Nash, Rachel, Bunce, Catey, Freemantle, Nick, Doré, Caroline J, Rogers, Chris A, Cairns, David, Cipriani, Valentina, Cook, Jonathan, Crabb, David, Cumberland, Phillippa, Czanner, Gabriela, Donachie, Paul, Elders, Andrew, Finana, Marta Garcia, OʼLeary, Neil, Patel, Krishna, Prevost, Toby, Quartilho, Ana, Saunders, Luke, Sivasubramaniam, Selvaraj, Skene, Simon, Stratton, Irene, Vasconcelos, Joana, Xing, Wen, and Zhu, Haogang

Published
2014
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19. Ophthalmic statistics note 2: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

Author

Bunce, Catey, Patel, Krishna V, Xing, Wen, Freemantle, Nick, Doré, Caroline J, Cook, Jonathan, Crabb, David, Cumberland, Phillippa, Czanner, Gabriela, Donachie, Paul, Elders, Andrew, Garcia-Fiñana, Marta, Nash, Rachel, OʼLeary, Neil, Prevost, Toby, Rogers, Chris, Saunders, Luke, Sivasubramanium, Selvaraj, Stratton, Irene, Vasconcelos, Joana, and Zhu, Haogang

Published
2014
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20. Ophthalmic statistics note 1: unit of analysis

Author

Bunce, Catey, Patel, Krishna V, Xing, Wen, Freemantle, Nick, Doré, Caroline J, Cook, Jonathan, Crabb, David, Cumberland, Phillippa, Czanner, Gabriela, Donachie, Paul, Elders, Andrew, Garcia-Fiñana, Marta, Nash, Rachel, Prevost, Toby, Rogers, Chris, Saunders, Luke, Sivasubramanium, Selvaraj, Stratton, Irene, Vasconcelos, Joana, and Zhu, Haogang

Published
2014
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24. Results of a Randomized Trial Testing the Efficacy of Tele-Savvy, an Online Synchronous/Asynchronous Psychoeducation Program for Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia

Author

Hepburn, Kenneth, primary, Nocera, Joe, additional, Higgins, Melinda, additional, Epps, Fayron, additional, Brewster, Glenna S, additional, Lindauer, Allison, additional, Morhardt, Darby, additional, Shah, Raj, additional, Bonds, Kalisha, additional, Nash, Rachel, additional, and Griffiths, Patricia C, additional

Published
2021
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28. Microliteracy and the discourse of Canadian multiculturalism

Author

Reid, Cameron and Nash, Rachel

Subjects
Canada -- Demographic aspects -- Social aspects, Multiculturalism -- Forecasts and trends -- Educational aspects, Literacy -- Management -- Demographic aspects -- Canada, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies, Company business management, Market trend/market analysis, Management, Educational aspects, Social aspects, Demographic aspects, Forecasts and trends
Abstract

Cet article souligne la prolifération chaotique des << microlittératies >> multiculturelles au cours des décennies depuis que le gouvernement canadien a, le premier, porté le concept du multiculturalisme sur la [...]

Published
2004

30. Results of a Randomized Trial Testing the Efficacy of Tele-Savvy, an Online Synchronous/Asynchronous Psychoeducation Program for Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia.

Author

Hepburn, Kenneth, Nocera, Joe, Higgins, Melinda, Epps, Fayron, Brewster, Glenna S, Lindauer, Allison, Morhardt, Darby, Shah, Raj, Bonds, Kalisha, Nash, Rachel, and Griffiths, Patricia C

Subjects
ONLINE education, WELL-being, CAREGIVERS, EVALUATION of human services programs, CLINICAL trials, EFFECT sizes (Statistics), FAMILIES, PSYCHOEDUCATION, VIDEOCONFERENCING, DEMENTIA patients, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, STATISTICAL sampling, PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, TELEMEDICINE
Abstract

Background and Objectives Family caregivers will grow in number as dementia prevalence increases, underscoring the continued importance of equipping these individuals for their new roles and ameliorating the adverse effects of caregiving. Research Design and Methods A three-armed, waitlist, randomized trial design tested Tele-Savvy, an online adaptation of a successful in-person psychoeducation program, the Savvy Caregiver. Tele-Savvy is delivered over 43 days to groups of 6–8 caregivers in 7 weekly synchronous sessions accompanied by 36 brief asynchronous video lessons. We enrolled 23 cohorts of 15 eligible caregivers (N = 261), randomized 2:2:1 to active, attention control, and usual care arms. We assessed caregiver psychological well-being and caregiving mastery at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Multilevel linear models assessed outcomes over the 3 time points examined. The trial was slightly truncated, with Data and Safety Monitoring Board approval, because of the apparent confounding psychological effects of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. Results Study findings indicate statistically and clinically significant benefits to Tele-Savvy arm caregivers (with moderate to large effect sizes) in the areas of depression, perceived stress, reaction to care recipients' behaviors, and enhancement of caregiver mastery. Expected benefits for caregiver burden and anxiety were not found. Discussion and Implications Findings attest to program efficacy and the viability of employing distance means to improve family caregivers' emotional well-being and sense of mastery in the caregiving role over a 6-month period. Next steps entail finding alternate ways to deliver the program to those with connectivity and/or time constraint problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Legalizing multiculturalism: changes in discourse, changes in attitude

Author

Nash, Rachel

Subjects
Canada -- Social aspects, Social policy -- Evaluation -- Political aspects -- Social aspects, Multiculturalism -- Political aspects -- Social aspects, Immigrants -- Canada -- Political aspects -- Social aspects, Ethnicity -- Canada -- Political aspects -- Social aspects, Humanities, Literature/writing, Social sciences, Evaluation, Social aspects, Political aspects
Abstract

Beginnings The proceedings from a 1976 Canadian government conference on multiculturalism seem to exude an air of measured excitement about the possibilities of multiculturalism, even in the prose of those [...]

Published
2001

34. Using a Warm Hand-Off Approach to Enroll African American Caregivers in a Multi-Site Clinical Trial: The Handshake Protocol.

Author

Epps, Fayron, Brewster, Glenna, Phillips, Judy S., Nash, Rachel, Shah, Raj C., and Hepburn, Kenneth

Abstract

"Testing Tele-Savvy" was a three-arm randomized controlled trial that recruited participants from four National Institute on Aging (NIA)–funded Alzheimer's Disease Centers with Emory University serving as the coordinating center. The enrollment process involved each center providing a list of eligible caregivers to the coordinating center to consent. Initially, the site proposed to recruit primarily African American caregivers generated a significant amount of referrals to the coordinating center, but a gap occurred in translating them into enrolled participants. To increase the enrollment rate, a "Handshake Protocol" was established, which included a warm handoff approach. During preset phone calls each week, the research site coordinator introduced potential participants to a culturally congruent co-investigator from the coordinating center who then completed the consent process. Within the first month of implementation, the team was 97% effective in meeting its goals. This protocol is an example of a successful, innovative approach to enrolling minority participants in multi-site clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. XRCC1 protein interacts with one of two distinct forms of DNA ligase III

Author

Nash, Rachel A., Caldecott, Keith W., Barnes, Deborah E., and Lindahl, Tomas

Subjects
DNA-ligand interactions -- Research, Precipitation (Chemistry) -- Research, Ligases -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Binding sites of human DNA ligase III and XRCCI were defined to prove their direct interaction. Isoforms of the cDNA (103 kDa and 96 kDa) have identical N-terminal regions but with different C terminal. The 103 kDa form of the DNA ligase III was found to bind with 70 kDa DNA repair protein, XRCCI. Only a larger form of DNA ligase III was observed to interact with XRCCI, suggesting its role in base excision repair.

Published
1997

37. Identification and Immunogenicity of African Swine Fever Virus Antigens

Author

Netherton, Christopher L., primary, Goatley, Lynnette C., additional, Reis, Ana Luisa, additional, Portugal, Raquel, additional, Nash, Rachel H., additional, Morgan, Sophie B., additional, Gault, Lynden, additional, Nieto, Raquel, additional, Norlin, Veronica, additional, Gallardo, Carmina, additional, Ho, Chak-Sum, additional, Sánchez-Cordón, Pedro J., additional, Taylor, Geraldine, additional, and Dixon, Linda K., additional

Published
2019
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45. Ethanol Alters Proliferation and Differentiation of Normal and Chromosomally Abnormal Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neurospheres

Author

Krishnamoorthy, Malini, primary, Gerwe, Brian A., additional, Scharer, Christopher D., additional, Sahasranaman, Vanita, additional, Eilertson, Carmen D., additional, Nash, Rachel J., additional, Usta, Sümeyra Naz, additional, Kelly, Shasmine, additional, Rose, Matthew, additional, Peraza, Rene, additional, Arumugham, Jagan, additional, Stewart, Bethany, additional, Stice, Steven L., additional, and Nash, Rodney J., additional

Published
2013
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