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The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction against papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus. The essential oil was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the insecticidal activity was recorded for different times and concentrations under laboratory conditions. According to GC-MS results, the chemical components detected of essential oil isolated by ‎hydrodistillation and solvent extraction were 52 and 62 compounds of both extraction methods, the main components of essential oil of hydrodistillation method were eucalyptol (32.81%), &alpha-pinene (28.62%) and linalol (10.18%) while the major components of essential oil isolated by solvent extract were pentadecanoic acid (16.69%) and dihomo-‎‎.gamma.-linolenic acid (15.2%). The essential oil of hydrodistillation method exhibited more insecticidal ‎activity than solvent extract method against P. marginatus, 1000 mg/L of essential oil isolated by ‎hydrodistillation achieved 100% ‎mortality of papaya mealybugs after 120, ‎‎168 h of treatment with LC50 values which ‎was‎‎ 65.362 mg/L after 168 h from treatment and LT50 value which was ‎22.386 h‎‏‎‎ at 1000 mg/L.‎ The findings reveal and propose that the essential oil of A. herba-albais a rich by bioactive components and it is a prospective source of botanical insecticides.