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Knowledge hoarding by knowledge workers deprives the organization of very valuable resources and can have many direct and indirect consequences. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and validating its. This applied research has been done with a mixed sequential exploratory approach. Factors have been identified with a qualitative approach using thematic analysis method. The participants of this stage were the selected technical experts of Nahaja, and a semi-structured interview was used to survey their views. The quantitative stage was carried out in order to validate the identified factors. For this purpose, a questionnaire distributed among selected thecnical experts. These data were analysed through structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) and Smart Pls version 3 software. The findings showed that the antecedents of knowledge hoarding include individual factors (tendencies and interests, concerns and worries, motivations, individual traits and characteristics), interpersonal factors (communication factors), organizational factors (occupational factors, culture organizational, managerial factors, and structural factors), extra-organizational factors (social, cultural and economic factors). Also, the consequences of knowledge hoarding were classified into two categories of individual and organizational consequences. Quantitative analyzes also confirmed the significance of the relationship between the desired indicators and components. The results of this research can provide useful knowledge in this field to manage the phenomenon of knowledge hoarding. The simultaneous identification of factors affecting the occurrence of knowledge hoarding in the aforementioned four levels, as well as the consequences of this complication for knowledge workers and the organization, can provide an effective understanding for the management of this destructive organizational behavior. The simultaneous attention to the roots and individual and organizational consequences of this complication is considered the outstanding distinguishing feature of this research.

Background & Purpose: The issue of work-family conflict has received much attention in today's organizations, because it affects the organizational success and the personal life of employees. Studies in this field emphasize its two-dimensionality: work family conflict (WFC) and family- work conflict (FWC). Therefore, the research seeks to identify the affecting factors and consequences of both of the conflicts. Methodology: This interpretive research has used the systematic literature review (SLR) method to answer the main research question. Its information sources include related articles that have been published in international scientific databases from 1992 to 2023 and entered the systematic review process based on acceptance criteria. Finally, after evaluating their quality based on Q and H indexes of publications, 91 articles were analyzed using coding method. Findings: The identified antecedents of work-family conflict were classified into four categories: nature of job, time-related antecedents of the job, job requirements and work conditions, and social pressure of the job, which lead to two categories of consequences: weakening of the family role and Weakening the quality of family life. The antecedents affecting family-work conflict are also classified into three categories: family status of employees, role-oriented family antecedents, and family social pressure. The consequences of these antecedents include: psychological job consequences, behavior-oriented job consequences, and performance-oriented job consequences. Conclusion: The findings of this research can help managers and organizations to better understand the antecedents and consequences related to both areas of the conflict so that they can effectively take steps to solve the problems of the working and family life of employees. Additionally, the findings of this study, by integratingng the findings of previous studies, have helped to improve the richness of existing knowledge in this field.

Background & Purpose: In today's highly competitive environments, organizations' efforts tomeet the expectations and satisfy their key stakeholders, including employees, have a significantimpact on their survival and improving their competitiveness and productivity. In order to gain acomprehensive understanding of the actions that banks can take in this field, the presentresearch has reviewed and classified the results of studies related to the actions that banks havetaken in line with their corporate social responsibility regarding employees, and the results andachievements resulting from it.Methodology: This is a qualitative applied research and it has been used in meta-compositemethod. The information sources of this stage included articles published in internationalscientific databases, which were selected based on the criteria for entering the meta-synthesisprocess.Findings: That practices that banks have taken in line with their corporate social responsibilityin relation to employees can be separated into six main categories: considerations related torecruitment and promotion, salaries and rewards, benefits and welfare services, training andcontinuous development, creating Favorable work environment and work relations. The resultsof these practices are also classified into two categories of attitudinal and performance-basedresults.Conclusion: Banks' efforts to meeting the expectations of employees as one of the mostimportant stakeholders within the organization will strengthen positive occupational andorganizational attitudes in employees so that they have more effort and motivation to improveoccupational and organizational performance. The findings of this research can be used as aguide for actions that can be taken in this field.

Background and Importance: Acute spinal cord injury without an apparent spinal fracture/dislocation in an asymptomatic subject with silent thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is an extremely rare with only seven fully documented example with this specific scenario in the literature. Case Presentation: A previously healthy middle-aged woman with a history of MRI documented silent TOLF who developed sever weakness of the lower limbs immediately after a minor fall is presented. Repeat MRI revealed appearance of a myelopathy at the site of the preexisting silent T10-T11 OLF. Laminectomy and excision of the O LF result in complete recovery within 6 months. Conclusion: We believe that our asymptomatic patient should had undergone prophylactic surgical intervention before this catastrophic event. In a survey of medical literature, we found that the presented case is the first example with MRI documented TOLF in its silence period.

Background and Importance: The development of C5 root palsy is a well-known potential complication of cervical spine surgeries for the correction of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. It typically occurs unilaterally, but on extremely rare occasions, bilaterally. The value of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in detecting iatrogenic acute versus delayed onset C5 palsy, the rarity of bilateral C5 palsy, and its optimal management require further discussion. Case Presentation: A 49-year-old woman with quadriparesis due to cervical spondylotic myelopathy is presented. She underwent circumferential 360° cervical spine surgery. This operation was subsequently complicated by a delayed bilateral C5 palsy, despite normal transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs). With the utilization of conservative treatment, the complete resolution of this complication took roughly eight months. Conclusion: Bilateral C5 palsy is an infrequent consequence of multilevel cervical spine surgeries. Although intraoperative monitoring of transcranial electrical stimulation-induced MEPs has high sensitivity and specificity in foreseeing the acute-onset C5 palsy, it cannot predict delayed-onset palsy. Including the current case, only seven cases have been reported in the medical literature. Overall, conservative management in adherence to rigorous physical therapy may be an acceptable treatment.

In the knowledge-based era, achieving sustainable competitive advantages by organizations requires providing the prerequisites for members of organizations to be able to share their knowledge effectively. In this regard, the present study has quantitatively analyzed the quantitative studies conducted about the facilitators of knowledge sharing in Iranian organizations. This is an applied, quantitative and descriptive research. Its information sources consist of the quantitative researches published in Iranian scientific journals in the last ten years that have examined the factors affecting knowledge sharing. The sampling was performed according to the required criteria of meta-analysis and 21 studies were analyzed based on these selection criteria. Data analysis was performed by meta-analysis method through comprehensive meta-analysis software. Findings showed that all of the 25 studied prerequisites of knowledge sharing had a significant effect size and were classified into three categories with high, medium and low effect size. Among them, social capital, transformational leadership, organizational pessimism and psychological capital had the greatest effect size, in descending order. Accordingly, providing the prerequisites for effective knowledge sharing in organizations requires a comprehensive perspective in which hard and soft factors are considered simultaneously. For effectively improving these antecedents, prioritizing them based on their role and impact will achieve more merits.

Background & Purpose: The ability to interact with customers effectively requires the identification of mental states and persuasion skill that can improve sales performance. This study aimed to explain the relationships between salesperson emotional intelligence and customer loyalty through the mediation of salesperson performance and customer value co-creation behavior. Methodology: This is an applied descriptive-correlational study, in which the statistical population included the salespersons working at 10 shopping centers in Tehran. The convenience sampling method was employed to select the statistical sample, whereas a questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The path analysis model was then used through structural equation modeling (SEM) for hypothesis testing in AMOS. Findings: There were significant relationships between salesperson emotional intelligence and salesperson performance, between salesperson performance and customer loyalty, between salesperson emotional intelligence and customer value co-creation behavior, between customer value co-creation behavior and customer loyalty, and between salesperson emotional intelligence and customer loyalty through the mediation of salesperson performance and customer value co-creation behavior. Conclusion: Managers of shopping centers can enhance their salespeople’s emotional intelligence to improve customer loyalty by increasing salesperson performance and customer value co-creation behavior so that they can compete successfully with other shopping centers.

Background: Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis typically occurs at a single vertebral level and infrequently at two separate levels. However, a triple level lumbar degenerative anterolisthesis is an extremely rare clinical scenario.The preservation or restoration of sagittal balance with the consideration of the observed spinopelvic parameters is of a cardinal importance in multilevel level DS than in single level DS. Presentation of the case: An evaluation of a middle-aged woman with persistent radiculopathy and neurogenic claudication revealed a three-level degenerative anterolisthesis from L3 to S1. With the placement of Iliac to L3 screw rod fixation in association with a decompressive laminectomy, a three-level interbody fusion and three level Smith Petersen osteotomies; a desirable lordosis and sagittal balance was preserved. She is ambulating well at a 9-month follow-up encounter. Conclusion: Three level continuous degenerative anterior spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine is a very rare clinical scenario being reported in only one previous instance throughout medical literature. The key initiative in the management of this condition is the preservation or correction of any sagittal imbalance present.

Background: Pin site infection is one of the frequent complications of the halo crown application which can be easily handled if addressed early. However, if this issue is neglected then serious infectious events may quickly transpire. Among all of the medical literature that the previously described scenarios have illuminated; we did not encounter a case involving infectious cavernous sinus thrombosis. Case description: The authors present a middle age man who arrived at our clinic with an acute left peri-orbital swelling, proptosis, and ophthalmoplegia which had occurred subsequent to an untreated halo pine site infection. With a diagnosis of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST), appropriate antibiotics and anticoagulant therapies were administered. Outcome: With the continuation of this conservative treatment regimen, he was successfully managed with no residual neurological consequences. Conclusion: Halo vest orthosis is an appropriately tolerated upper cervical spinal stabilizing device that is a commonly used worldwide. Septic CST that is secondary to a halo vest pin site infection has not been previously described within medical literature. In the case of a neglected pin site infection, with demonstration of ipsilateral eyelid edema and proptosis, septic CST should be immediately considered and treated vigorously with antibiotics and anticoagulant therapies.

New emerging threats in the international environment have made essential future-oriented developments in the armed forces. The organizational culture convergent with this strategy is the most basic prerequisite for its advancement. Accordingly, the present study seeks to provide a model of the culture of future-oriented development in the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the statements of the Supreme Leader. This research is a practical and is done through mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). The construction of the model was carried out qualitatively by using the qualitative content analysis. The model testing has been done quantitatively using structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) by PLS software. The findings of the research show that the culture of future-oriented development consists of six main dimensions: opportunism (opportunism and opportunity utilization), new-borning (flexibility and dynamism), humanism (the importance of human capital and the development of human capital), spirituality (revolutionary values and religious values), Meritocracy (cognitive and behavioral competencies), and unity (intra-organizational and inter-organizational unity). Developing these cultural dimensions can facilitates effectiveness and successfulness of organizational development plans in compliance with future strategies of defensive organizations.

Today service organizations operate in highly dynamic and competitive environment where improving performance depends on effective utilization of intangible assets. Accordingly, this study investigated the intervening role of social capital in the effect of social media assimilation on the quality of organizational knowledge and innovational performance. This study has been done in a sample of 280 employees of Saderat bank branches in Mazandaran province. The present study was an applied and descriptive research. The structural equation modeling through SPSS22 and Warp PLS software were used for date analyzing. The results showed that assimilation of social media had a positive and significant impact on quality of organizational knowledge and innovational performance. Social capital has a significant intervening role in these relations. Furthermore, improving the quality of organizational knowledge can promote innovational performance

Studying the influencing factors on customer's trust and satisfaction in E-Commerce and adopting appropriate strategies about these factors are among the effective methods in achieving success in E-Commerce area. This article focuses on the study of effective factors on customer's trust and satisfaction in group discount websites. In this research, firstly the factor influencing on customer's satisfaction in E-commerce has been extracted through the conceptual study and the review of literature and the structural equation modeling has been presented. Then, E-questionnaire was given to the customers of group discount websites in Iran in order to evaluate the model and the relationships among the variables of the model. The analysis of the obtained results conducted through Partial least Square method proved the hypotheses of this model. The results of this research have provided with useful insight for those people who work in E-commerce; hence, they can design successful group discount websites based on group purchase income model.

Impulse buying behavior has a determinable role in developing the power of computability in the current consumer markets. Hence, recognizing and improving the facilitating factors of impulse behavior is a necessity for increasing the profitability of such businesses. This research examines the effects of individual, environmental and fashion involvement factors by considering the mediator effect of positive sense factor on fashion involvement factor. The research method is descriptive and correlational. The population of the research consists of thebuyers going to Tehran’s great bazaar. A sample of 276 subjects was selected as statistical population. Structural equation model was used for data analysis and testing of research hypotheses. The results showed that the individual and environmental factors directly, and fashion involvement factors, by considering the mediator effect of positive sense, have positive effect on impulse buying. Finally, according to research findings, some suggestions are presented.

Successful implementation of knowledge management fororganizations requires a systematic and comprehensive perspective aboutvarious organizational factors. Appropriateness of these factors and theirintegration and coordination is a vital perquisite for implementingknowledge management effectively. The primary purpose of the researchis investigating the effect of three fundamental aspects of intellectualcapital– human capital, structural capital and relational capital– on fourstages of knowledge management practices (knowledge creation, storage,application and sharing). The data collection instrument is questionnaireand the research method is descriptive and corelational. The populationstudied in the research consists of managers and senior experts of thegovernment state of one of the south states of Iran. A sample of 120subjects was selected by simple random sampling. Data obtained isanalyzed using correlation coefficient method and structural equationsmodeling. According to the research findings there are significantrelationships between these intellectual assets and knowledgemanagement practices. These findings support the necessity of preparingthe perquisites of effective implementation of knowledge management.Accordingly, an organization characterized by more developedintellectual capitals can benefit from knowledge management initiatives.

In the knowledge-based era, knowledge is the distinctiveresource of organizations and knowledge management (KM) isconsidered as the primary task of organizations that strives to utilize theirintellectual capitals effectively. Hence it is vital to understand carefullythe appropriate contexts and enablers of knowledge management.Organizational culture is among the most influential factors affecting thequality of accomplishing KM practices. In spite of this vital effect, its rolehas not been studied carefully. This article tries to explore the correlationof the four types of organizational culture on the knowledge managementpractices. It will investigate the way in which these cultures can facilitateor hinder KM practices. The population of the research consists ofeducational and research centers. A sample of 275 participants wasselected as statistical sampling. According to the research findings, theseorganizational cultures have a considerable effect on the KM practices.Clan and adhocracy organizational culture have a powerful positiverelationship with KM practices, but this effect was negative for marketand hierarchical cultures. These findings support the necessity ofadopting a more humanistic approach for implementing knowledgemanagement more effectively.

The basic goal of this research is recognition of losses of organizational structure of Iranian central insurance and secondary importance are recognition of losses of organizationalcomplexity, organizational formalization and organizational centralization. For data collecting is designed aquestionnaire that is measuring organizational structure situation in robin’s structural dimension’s model. After data analysis with spss software, losses is recognized and then with attention to obtained is presented essential proposes for organizational structure reform. Statistical Population of this research is all of Iranian central insurance employee that between of them is selected 75 people for Statistical Sample. find of this research show that with attention of theoretic literature and out put’s research exam’s, Iranian central insurance’s organizational Structure of Islamic republic of Iran must be organic and flexible but it’s mechanical with high degree of organizational complexity, organizational formalization and organizational centralization. Finally, with test in confidence level 0/095 , sig