Search

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an infectious agent of great importance for animals and humans. It causes serious infections that show high resistance to antibiotics. This study investigated the molecular detection of blaOXA-23 gene in antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cows and humans. Materials and Methods: In total, 120 samples, comprised 60 from cows (30 milk and 30 nasal discharge) and 60 from their owners (30 urine and 30 sputum), were individually collected, cultured, and tested for P. aeruginosa through molecular analysis targeting the blaOXA-23 gene. P. aeruginosa antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified by performing antibiotic susceptibility testing and detecting biofilm formation. Results: In total, 74.17% positive P. aeruginosa isolates, including 66.67% and 81.67% for cows and humans, respectively. Subsequently, positive cow isolates were detected in 60% of milk samples and 73.33% of nasal discharge samples; while positive human isolates were detected in 76.67% of urine samples and 86.66% of sputum samples. Targeting blaOXA-23 gene, 58.43% of cultured isolates were positive for P. aeruginosa by polymerase chain reaction. Respectively, positive isolates were detected in 66.67% and 45.46% of cow milk and nasal discharges as well as in 60.87% and 61.54% of human urine and sputum. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were resistant to all applied antibiotics, particularly imipenem. Results of biofilm formation revealed 67.31% total positives, including 51.43% strong, 34.285% moderate, and 14.285% weak reactions. In addition, although values of the total positive cows and humans differed insignificantly, total positives showed insignificant variation between values of milk and nasal discharges of cows as well as between urine and sputum of humans; however, significant differences were identified in the distribution of strong, moderate, and weak positivity of these samples. Conclusion: Antibiotic overuse contributes extensively to increasing the prevalence of resistant P. aeruginosa isolates carrying the blaOXA-23 gene in both cows and humans. Furthermore, studies in other Iraqi areas are necessary to support our findings. The main limitations include that the number of tested samples is relatively low, and there is a need to use a large number of samples from different sources. Also, the current methods for detection of resistant isolates are still culture-based approaches.

Abstract Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pneumoenteric virus that can infect the digestive and respiratory tracts of cattle, resulting in economic losses. Despite its significance, information regarding BCoV pathogenesis is limited. Hence, we investigated clinical signs, patterns of viral shedding, changes in antibody abundance, and cytokine/chemokine production in calves inoculated with BCoV via intranasal and oral. Six clinically healthy Korean native calves (

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an infectious agent of great importance for animals and humans. It causes serious infections that show high resistance to antibiotics. This study investigated the molecular detection of blaOXA-23 gene in antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cows and humans. Materials and Methods: In total, 120 samples, comprised 60 from cows (30 milk and 30 nasal discharge) and 60 from their owners (30 urine and 30 sputum), were individually collected, cultured, and tested for P. aeruginosa through molecular analysis targeting the blaOXA-23 gene. P. aeruginosa antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified by performing antibiotic susceptibility testing and detecting biofilm formation. Results: In total, 74.17% positive P. aeruginosa isolates, including 66.67% and 81.67% for cows and humans, respectively. Subsequently, positive cow isolates were detected in 60% of milk samples and 73.33% of nasal discharge samples; while positive human isolates were detected in 76.67% of urine samples and 86.66% of sputum samples. Targeting blaOXA-23 gene, 58.43% of cultured isolates were positive for P. aeruginosa by polymerase chain reaction. Respectively, positive isolates were detected in 66.67% and 45.46% of cow milk and nasal discharges as well as in 60.87% and 61.54% of human urine and sputum. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were resistant to all applied antibiotics, particularly imipenem. Results of biofilm formation revealed 67.31% total positives, including 51.43% strong, 34.285% moderate, and 14.285% weak reactions. In addition, although values of the total positive cows and humans differed insignificantly, total positives showed insignificant variation between values of milk and nasal discharges of cows as well as between urine and sputum of humans; however, significant differences were identified in the distribution of strong, moderate, and weak positivity of these samples. Conclusion: Antibiotic overuse contributes extensively to increasing the prevalence of resistant P. aeruginosa isolates carrying the blaOXA-23 gene in both cows and humans. Furthermore, studies in other Iraqi areas are necessary to support our findings. The main limitations include that the number of tested samples is relatively low, and there is a need to use a large number of samples from different sources. Also, the current methods for detection of resistant isolates are still culture-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pneumoenteric virus that can infect the digestive and respiratory tracts of cattle, resulting in economic losses. Despite its significance, information regarding BCoV pathogenesis is limited. Hence, we investigated clinical signs, patterns of viral shedding, changes in antibody abundance, and cytokine/chemokine production in calves inoculated with BCoV via intranasal and oral. Six clinically healthy Korean native calves (< 30 days old), initially negative for BCoV, were divided into intranasal and oral groups and monitored for 15 days post-infection (dpi). BCoV-infected calves exhibited clinical signs such as nasal discharge and diarrhea, starting at 3 dpi and recovering by 12 dpi, with nasal discharge being the most common symptoms. Viral RNA was detected in nasal and fecal samples from all infected calves. Nasal shedding occurred before fecal shedding regardless of the inoculation route; however, fecal shedding persisted longer. Although the number of partitions was very few, viral RNA was identified in the blood of two calves in the oral group at 7 dpi and 9 dpi using digital RT-PCR analysis. The effectiveness of maternal antibodies in preventing viral replication and shedding appeared limited. Our results showed interleukin (IL)-8 as the most common and highly induced chemokine. During BCoV infection, the levels of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were significantly affected, suggesting that these emerge as potential and reliable biomarkers for predicting BCoV infection. This study underscores the importance of BCoV as a major pathogen causing diarrhea and respiratory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis, a chronic immunological disease, affects between 10% and 30% of the world's population, causing significant morbidity and disability, impacting quality of life, and accounting for 3% of medical visits. Objective: The goal was to improve the quality of life of students suffering from allergic rhinitis at the southern campus of ISTUL, levels I and II. Methods: An applied research study with a mixed-methods approach was conducted, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design. The studied population consisted of 58 students, of whom 14 (24.1%) had rhinitis. The survey technique was employed, and a questionnaire was used as the instrument, with polytomous questions and a Likert scale for assessment. Results: Show that 70.2% of the participants had no family history of allergies. 18.97% reported frequent colds, with common symptoms such as nasal congestion (37.9%) and sneezing, with greater intensity during the night and morning. These findings underline the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms, highlighting the need for management and prevention strategies. Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among students at the southern campus of ISTUL, levels I and II, underscores the need for continuous evaluation and appropriate treatment. Promoting healthy habits, reducing allergen exposure, and improving air quality are crucial measures to prevent the disease and enhance well-being and academic performance. Additionally, identifying allergens and environmental risk factors is essential for developing more effective management and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Nasal vestibulitis is a localized infection of the nasal vestibule, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Case Presentation: A healthy, 18-month-old girl presented with a 3-day history of unilateral discharge in the right eye and brownish rhinorrhea with visible dry blood only in the right nasal cavity. The anterior rhinoscopy showed unilateral hematic remains, preserved nasal permeability and no visible foreign body. The diagnosis of nasal vestibulitis was made and she was treated with topical and systemic antibiotics, with no sequelae. Conclusion: Nasal vestibulitis is a common condition that should be considered in all age groups. Serious complications can occur, making a timely diagnosis and adequate treatment crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two nasal foreign bodies were discovered by a dental practitioner on a routine radiographic examination of a 15-year-old autistic patient. Going over past radiographs, one of the nasal foreign bodies was detected in a radiograph performed 2 years previously. No nasal complaints or other clues to the problem were apparent. The patient was referred to the emergency room, and the foreign bodies were removed by an Ear Nose and Throat specialist, under general anesthesia. This paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of nasal foreign bodies, and highlights the important role of the dental practitioner in the proper detection and diagnosis, prompt referral for management, and reduction in related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper respiratory tract infections are a significant cause of social‐ and disease burden worldwide. Currently, invasive and uncomfortable molecular detection methods are used for respiratory pathogen detection. We aimed to assess the ability and bearability of a rhinorrhea swab (RS) to detect respiratory pathogens in comparison to the combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab (NP/OP). This study was performed at a Public Health Service severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) testing facility between November and December 2022 in the Netherlands. Adults aged 16 years and older, being subjected to a standard of care NP/OP swab with nasal discharge, were included and received an additional RS. Respiratory pathogen detection was evaluated using SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) PCR. Bearability was evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) scores and a questionnaire. A total of 100 adults with a mean age ± SD of 46 ± 16 years were included. The NP/OP swab detected 104 pathogens, the RS 83 pathogens (p < 0.001), and in total 108 respiratory pathogens were identified in 89 adults (89%). The ability to detect respiratory pathogens compared between the RS and the combined NP/OP swab revealed a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 73%–89%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 72%–100%). RS were significantly more bearable than the combined NP/OP swab (p value < 0.001). Therefore, nasal discharge found in adults can be used as an adequate reliable medium for respiratory pathogen detection using SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR and MLPA PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is defined as the deviation of the nasal bone, cartilage, or both from the midline of the face. DNS causes nasal blockage, watery discharge, nasal airway resistance, snoring, headache, facial pain, and cosmetic problems. DNS is the most common predisposing factor for chronic sinusitis. The present study was designed to analyze the prevalence of DNS and associated symptoms among the population of Maharashtra state, India. Two hundred patients reporting to the school of dental sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic data of the patients including signs and symptoms of DNS were recorded in predesigned proforma. The patients were subjected to Orthopantomogram radiographic analysis to detect the type of DNS using Carestream, CS 8100 device. The DNS was classified according to Mladinas classification and subjected to statistical analysis. Out of the 200 subjects, 132 were males and 68 were females. DNS was observed in 136 patients (80 males and 56 females). Type II DNS was the most common, followed by type III. Patients suffering from symptoms of DNS were 124, with nasal obstruction as the most common complaint followed by nasal discharge. The prevalence of DNS was more among females, and type II DNS was most common among Maharashtra's population. Nasal obstruction was the most reported symptom. Early diagnosis and treatment of DNS in an individual, will reduce the symptoms and improve the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective. Fungal rhinosinusitis comprises of a wide range of immune-pathological responses, including invasive, chronic, granulomatous, and allergic diseases. Aim of this study was to determine total number of patients, their characteristics, frequency of symptoms, the manner of disease manifestation and the success of therapy. Methods. Study included 21 patients with fungal rhinosinusitis diagnosis made according to the 2020 EPOS guidelines. Results. Based on the visual analogue scale, feeling of localized pressure, i.e., facial pain, was dominant with a score of 9.57 ± 0.98, followed by the secretion from the nose with 8.14 ± 1.62, problems with breathing through the nose with 6.67 ± 3.25, and reduction the sense of smell with 2.14 ± 3.00. The t-test showed a statistically significant difference between mucosal changes on the diseased and healthy sides of the patient‘s face (p < 0.0001). Only one sinus was affected intraoperatively in 18 (85.71%) patients. The most commonly affected sinus was the maxillary one, in 13 (54.17%) patients, followed by the sphenoid sinus in five (20.83%) patients. Aspergillus was proven аs the couse of rhinosinusitis in 12 (57.14%) patients. Conclusion. The dominant symptom of patients with fungal rhinosinusitis was localized pain/pressure in the area of the affected sinus. Endoscopically, on the side of the affected sinus, the pathological mucosa with thick, pithy, mucous secretion dominated. The maxillar sinus was primarily unilaterally affected, in more than half of the patients. Aspergillus has been proven to be the most common cause of rhinosinusitis.

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children remain a cause of disease burden worldwide. Nasopharyngeal (NP) & oropharyngeal (OP) swabs are used for respiratory pathogen detection, but hold disadvantages particularly for children, highlighting the importance and preference for a child friendly detection method. We aimed to evaluate the performance and tolerability of a rhinorrhea swab (RS) in detecting viral pathogens when compared to a combined OP(/NP) or mid‐turbinate (MT) nasal swab. This study was conducted between September 2021 and July 2022 in the Netherlands. Children aged 0−5 years, with an upper RTI and nasal discharge, were included and received a combined swab and a RS. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 PCR were used for viral pathogen detection. Tolerability was evaluated with a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. During 11 months 88 children were included, with a median age of 1.00 year [interquartile range 0.00−3.00]. In total 122 viral pathogens were detected in 81 children (92%). Sensitivity and specificity of the RS compared to a combined swab were respectively 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91%−100%) and 78% (95% CI 45%−94%). Rhinorrhea samples detected more pathogens than the (combined) nasal samples, 112 versus 108 respectively. Median VAS scores were significantly lower for the RS in both children (2 vs. 6) and their parents (0 vs. 5). A RS can therefore just as effectively/reliably detect viral pathogens as the combined swab in young children and is better tolerated by both children and their parents/caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Canine & Féline is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire - Équine is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. Case presentation A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. Conclusions This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-week repeated oral intake of a quercetin-containing supplement on allergen-induced reactions and relative subjective symptoms in Japanese adults who complained of discomfort in the eyes and nose. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group study was conducted on 66 subjects (22-78 years old) with allergic symptoms of pollinosis. The subjects were given the test product (200 mg quercetin) or the control product (vehicle) daily for 4 weeks. The Japanese Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JRQLQ) scores and other tests were examined in each subject before and after starting the product intake. A new food-grade bioavailable formulation of quercetin, Quercetin phytosome ®, was used. RESULTS: At 1:4 weeks after the start of the supplement intake, several scores of JRQLQ, including allergic symptoms, such as eye itching, sneezing, nasal discharge, and sleep disorder, were significantly improved in the quercetin-containing supplement group compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, the quality of life of these subjects significantly improved based on the original questionnaire and visual analog scale. Minor notable adverse effects were noted throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that oral intake of quercetin-containing supplements might effectively reduce some allergy symptoms derived from pollinosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of a tooth inside the nasal cavity is a rare clinical entity. The exact pathophysiology is not clear and most of the times, these patients present with non-specific symptoms. We encountered a 51-year-old male with symptoms of bilateral recurrent nasal obstruction and nasal discharge of 10 years' duration. Anterior rhinoscopy and diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed a greyish white hard gritty mass covered with mucopurulent discharge in the floor of left nasal cavity and a mucosal covered bulge was noted in the floor of right nasal cavity. CT showed 2 hyperintense lesions in the maxilla reaching the floor of both nasal cavities. Diagnosis of supernumerary teeth was made and treated accordingly. Although the presence of tooth has been reported in ovaries, maxilla, maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, mediastinum, this is the rare case reported with supernumerary teeth in both nasal cavities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Histoplasma (H.) capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, and infection is typically via inhalation of microconidia. After conversion to the yeast phase within the lung, the organism is subsequently disseminated to other tissues by macrophages. Nasal histoplasmosis appears to be a rare condition in dogs. Case presentation We report the clinical case of a 4.5-year-old male neutered Cocker spaniel/Poodle mix, 7.7 kg, body condition score 6/9, that presented with a 3-month history of sneezing and left-sided mucoid nasal discharge. The history also included a mild swelling (transient) of the right carpus with a lameness (grade II-III/IV), coinciding with the onset of sneezing and nasal discharge. The dog lived primarily indoors in the Texas Gulf Coast area. On physical examination, the dog was febrile, and the left nostril was swollen, ulcerative, deformed, and hypopigmented. Mandibular lymph nodes were firm and mildly enlarged bilaterally. Mild lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglobulinemia were noted. Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Computed tomography and rhinoscopy revealed swelling of the rostral portion of the left and right nasal passages. Cytology and histology of biopsies of the affected nasal tissue showed pyogranulomatous inflammation and yeast organisms consistent with H. capsulatum. Weak antigenuria was detected on the MVista H. capsulatum antigen test. Treatment with oral itraconazole led to a resolution of the nasal signs and normalization of the appearance of the nostril over 13 weeks, and neither antigenuria nor antigenemia was detected on several recheck examinations. The dog remained in good general and physical condition and showed no signs of disease recurrence more than 6 years after the last examination. Conclusion We report a rare case of nasal mucocutaneous histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent dog, with an excellent clinical response to oral itraconazole. This case documents that histoplasmosis in dogs can affect primarily the nasal cavity, which responds rapidly to triazole antifungal therapy and has a good prognosis. A similar case has only been reported in human medicine in a young adult.

OBJECTIVE: Communication with elderly has always presented specific challenges which do not affect other groups. The aim of the study was to investigate how elderly patients perceive communication with doctors due to sneezing and nasal discharge, in particular during COVID-19 pandemic having personal protective equipment, including goggles, face shield, mask and hazard suits affects the quality of communication. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 1 00 p atients ( 50 male and 50 female), all over the age of 65 years, were enrolled as the study group. Elderly patients attending the otorhinolaryngology department, for any reason, were invited to participate in the study, which was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. A control group, consisting of 50 patients (male and female), and aged between 25 and 35 years, was also recruited in the same way. Communication questionnaire and Social Communication Skills Rating Scale were applied to all participants. RESULTS: The results indicate that patients sneezing, with nasal discharge symptoms, and doctors' use of personal protective equipment, including goggles, facial shields, masks and hazard suits and the precautions in behavior designed to protect the doctor during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with negative effects on doctor-patient communication. CONCLUSIONS: It is a cultural expectation that seniors be invariably treated with respect. In the extraordinary circumstances of the current pandemic, clinicians need to pay even more attention than usual to how they communicate, to ensure that communication remains both effective and respectful at all times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nasal polyps are benign lesions arising from the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (or) from the mucosa of nasal cavity. Nasal polyps are the subgroup of chronic rhino sinusitis, chronic rhino sinusitis with polyps. The exact etiology and pathology of nasal polyps remains unclear but bacteria, fungi, allergy, super antigens play a prominent Role in pathophysiology of nasal polyps. Elevated levels of histamine and IgE found around polyps and mast cells and eosinophilia found within polyps suggesting that inflammation is a major factor in polyp formation. Approximately 80% of nasal polyps are characterized by a robust T helper -- 2 response, eosinophilic infiltration decreased T regulatory function, abundance of IL - 5 cytokine. Materials and methods: 50 cases that came as outpatient in ENT Department of SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar were included in this study with investigations of nasal endoscopy and CT PNS. Results: About 60% patients of males mostly at the age group of 30-40 years were affected more with nasal polyps. About 40% patients came with complaints of nasal obstruction 30% patients with nasal discharge. 70% patients associated with fungal sinusitis. Conclusion: Nasal polyps are results of severe inflammation of nose and PNS. Mostly affects men (60%) with mean age group of 39 years. Most of the patients presented with nasal obstruction followed by nasal discharge. They mostly associated with fungal sinusitis and asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an infectious agent of great importance for animals and humans. It causes serious infections that show high resistance to antibiotics. This study investigated the molecular detection of bla OXA-23 gene in antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cows and humans., Materials and Methods: In total, 120 samples, comprised 60 from cows (30 milk and 30 nasal discharge) and 60 from their owners (30 urine and 30 sputum), were individually collected, cultured, and tested for P. aeruginosa through molecular analysis targeting the bla OXA-23 gene. P. aeruginosa antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified by performing antibiotic susceptibility testing and detecting biofilm formation., Results: In total, 74.17% positive P. aeruginosa isolates, including 66.67% and 81.67% for cows and humans, respectively. Subsequently, positive cow isolates were detected in 60% of milk samples and 73.33% of nasal discharge samples; while positive human isolates were detected in 76.67% of urine samples and 86.66% of sputum samples. Targeting bla OXA-23 gene, 58.43% of cultured isolates were positive for P. aeruginosa by polymerase chain reaction. Respectively, positive isolates were detected in 66.67% and 45.46% of cow milk and nasal discharges as well as in 60.87% and 61.54% of human urine and sputum. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were resistant to all applied antibiotics, particularly imipenem. Results of biofilm formation revealed 67.31% total positives, including 51.43% strong, 34.285% moderate, and 14.285% weak reactions. In addition, although values of the total positive cows and humans differed insignificantly, total positives showed insignificant variation between values of milk and nasal discharges of cows as well as between urine and sputum of humans; however, significant differences were identified in the distribution of strong, moderate, and weak positivity of these samples., Conclusion: Antibiotic overuse contributes extensively to increasing the prevalence of resistant P. aeruginosa isolates carrying the bla OXA-23 gene in both cows and humans. Furthermore, studies in other Iraqi areas are necessary to support our findings. The main limitations include that the number of tested samples is relatively low, and there is a need to use a large number of samples from different sources. Also, the current methods for detection of resistant isolates are still culture-based approaches., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Jasim, et al.)

Background: Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. Case presentation: A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. Conclusions: This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective. Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most frequent chronic disorders which significantly influences the patients‘ quality of life. The objectivе of this paper was to examine which are the most frequent and intensive symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and also to determine whether there is a correlation between a subjective assessment of the disease as a whole and individual symptoms. Methods. The study encircled 90 patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis that was endoscopically proven and computer tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Every possible symptom was recorded in every patient (nasal congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, reduction or loss of smell, headache, fatigue, cough, halitosis and ear pain/fullness), the intensity of every possible symptom as well as the disorder as a whole. The patients assessed the intensity of their symptoms on the visual analogue scale. Results. Nose congestion is the most frequent symptom. It occured in 82 patients (91.1%), followed by nasal discharge in 81 patients (90%) and there was no difference in frequency of these two symptoms. Nasal discharge has been recorded as the most intensive symptom (x– = 5.4) and it is significantly more intensive in comparison to nasal congestion which was the second on the intesity list (x– = 4.1, p = 0.002). All other symptoms were significantly less frequently and less intensive. The average intensity value of the disease as a whole is the same as the average intensity value of the nasal discharge (x– = 5.4) while the average intensity values of all other symptoms are statistically significantly lower than the average intensity value of the disease as a whole; in all comparisons p < 0.001. Conclusion. Nasal congestion and nasal discharge are the most common symptoms in the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Nasal discharge is the most intensive symptom in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis while its intensity determines the sensation of the intesity of the disorder as a whole.

Background: Histoplasma (H.) capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, and infection is typically via inhalation of microconidia. After conversion to the yeast phase within the lung, the organism is subsequently disseminated to other tissues by macrophages. Nasal histoplasmosis appears to be a rare condition in dogs. Case presentation: We report the clinical case of a 4.5-year-old male neutered Cocker spaniel/Poodle mix, 7.7 kg, body condition score 6/9, that presented with a 3-month history of sneezing and left-sided mucoid nasal discharge. The history also included a mild swelling (transient) of the right carpus with a lameness (grade II-III/IV), coinciding with the onset of sneezing and nasal discharge. The dog lived primarily indoors in the Texas Gulf Coast area. On physical examination, the dog was febrile, and the left nostril was swollen, ulcerative, deformed, and hypopigmented. Mandibular lymph nodes were firm and mildly enlarged bilaterally. Mild lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglobulinemia were noted. Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Computed tomography and rhinoscopy revealed swelling of the rostral portion of the left and right nasal passages. Cytology and histology of biopsies of the affected nasal tissue showed pyogranulomatous inflammation and yeast organisms consistent with H. capsulatum. Weak antigenuria was detected on the MVista H. capsulatum antigen test. Treatment with oral itraconazole led to a resolution of the nasal signs and normalization of the appearance of the nostril over 13 weeks, and neither antigenuria nor antigenemia was detected on several recheck examinations. The dog remained in good general and physical condition and showed no signs of disease recurrence more than 6 years after the last examination. Conclusion: We report a rare case of nasal mucocutaneous histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent dog, with an excellent clinical response to oral itraconazole. This case documents that histoplasmosis in dogs can affect primarily the nasal cavity, which responds rapidly to triazole antifungal therapy and has a good prognosis. A similar case has only been reported in human medicine in a young adult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the “gold standard” for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the importance of linking vaccination with currently advocated disease control and prevention programs to facilitate the eradication of endemic infections while safely maintaining herd immunity. Differentiation between immune responses to primary and repeated exposure of subclinically infected animals and responses induced by vaccination is also addressed.

Numerous studies have shown that microbiomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In addition to a known short pentraxin, C-reactive protein, long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) belongs to pentraxin family which detects conserved microbial pentraxin motifs and mobilizes early defense against foreign invaders, but its participation in CRS remains unclear. In the present study, through an intensive screening, peptidoglycan (PGN) was selected as a main material to investigate the action mechanism of a cell wall component on CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) nasal mucosa-derived fibroblasts and the PTX3 expression in human nasal mucosa tissue and discharge. The PGN not only enhanced PTX3 mRNA and protein production in cells but also caused marked PTX3 secretion into extracellular space. The pharmacological interventions indicated that the PTX3 induction was mediated mainly through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), NF-κB, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which was further confirmed by the observations that a direct PKC activator (phorbol ester) had a similar inductory effect on PTX3 expression/production and the siRNA interference knockdown of PKCμ/δ, NF-κB, and CREB compromised PTX3 production. Meanwhile, PTX3 was found to be overexpressed/produced in nasal mucosa and discharge/secretion of the CRSsNP patients. Collectively, we first demonstrated here that PGN enhances PTX3 expression and release in nasal fibroblasts through TLR2, PI-PLC, PKCμ/δ, NF-κB, and CREB signaling pathways. The PTX3 is overexpressed in nasal mucosa and discharge/secretion of CRSsNP patients, revealing its possible importance in CRSsNP development and progression. Key messages: Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is highly expressed in nasal mucosa and discharge/secretion of patients of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The bacteria cell wall component-peptidoglycan (PGN) causes PTX3 expression in CRSsNP nasal mucosa-derived fibroblasts, contributing to the PTX3 increase in tissues. PGN induces PTX3 expression through a previously known IκB/NF-κB and a novel PKCμ/δ and CREB signaling pathway. The PTX3 may be used as a biomarker for CRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasal foreign bodies are a common occurrence in children and are relatively easy to be removed in an outpatient setting. Depending on the type and location, special precaution needs to be taken especially in cases involving a battery or an impacted foreign body in the nostril. Although the removal procedure usually can be safely conducted in a clinic, general anaesthesia is sometimes required, especially if the foreign body is corrosive or the child is uncooperative to prevent further complications either from the procedure or the foreign body itself. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy, who presented with persistent nasal discharge of 2 week-duration. A rare type of foreign body which is a metal spring, was found in the right nostril. The spring was successfully removed under general anaesthesia without any local complications.

Objective: Insertion of a foreign body in the nasal cavitiy is a very common incident in children. It can sometimes be difficult to detect a foreign body in the nasal cavitiy. The type of foreign body varies and extraction can sometimes be difficult. As long as foreign bodies remain in the nasal cavity, they may cause serious complications. Material and Methods: Between April 2017 and November 2017, 132 patients with foreign bodies seen at the ENT clinic were evaluated retrospectively in terms of age, gender, complaints, clinical findings, foreign body types and complications. Results: 57.5% of the cases were female and 42.5% were male. The mean age was 45.9 months (SD: 25.7). The location was the right nasal cavity in 86 patients (65.1%). The presenting symptom was unilateral purulant rhinorrhea in 53.1% of the cases, epistaxis in 24.1% of cases and foul odor in 22.8% of cases. The main types of nasal foreign body were inorganic materials (83.4%). Beads were the most common inorganic substance with 26 cases (23.6%). Conclusion: A nasal foreign body is frequently seen in children, and can manifest clinically by creating nasal obstruction, unilateral purulent nasal discharge, nose bleeding, and foul odor. If nasal foreign bodies are detected late, complications such as sinusitis, otitis media, rhinolitis, periorbital cellulitis, and meningitis may occur. The presence of foreign bodies should therefore always be considered in patients with nasal obstruction, unilateral purulent nasal discharge, epistaxis and foul odor complaints in ENT and pediatric clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Background: Paranasal sinus cysts (PSC) are a common cause of equine secondary sinusitis. The outcome and associated complications have not been frequently reported. Objectives: To review the associated clinical signs, associated morbidities and outcomes of horses treated for PSC. Study design: Retrospective multicentre case series. Methods: Retrospective analysis of case records and telephone follow up survey. Results: Subjects were 37 horses 1–24 years old that were presented with nasal discharge (n = 31), facial swelling (n = 25) and epiphora (n = 19). Radiography and computed tomography allowed identification of the cyst‐induced changes including concomitant tissue destruction (n = 31), leading among other things to local nerve damage causing headshaking (n = 6) and unilateral blindness (n = 1). Radiographic changes to adjacent dental apices were present in 10 horses. Horses over 10 years old showed more of the named associated problems. Post‐operative complications included surgical site infection (SSI) (n = 11), nasofrontal suture periostitis (n = 6) and sequestration (n = 1) following removal of the PSC via osteotomy. The long‐term response to treatment was available for 28 cases with 22 horses (78.6%) fully cured, 4 (14.3%) partially cured and 2 (7.1%) not responding to treatment. In 7 horses (18.9%) there was recurrence of the cyst post‐operatively. Main limitations: Due to the study being a multicentre retrospective case series with collection of data over an extended period, there may be inconsistency in data recording and absence of reporting of some findings. Conclusions: Overall, the diagnosis and treatment of sinus cysts is relatively straightforward and carries a good prognosis. In long‐standing cases complications secondary to the expansive growth of cysts will dramatically affect the prognosis for full recovery due to pressure‐induced changes to facial bones, cheek teeth and nerves. These secondary complications mainly occurring in older horses may be due to a combination of a relatively longer period of affection and the inflexibility of older horses' bones. Cyst recurrence following treatment can occur in up to 19% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis-related symptoms in the United States. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Setting Representative sampling of the US adult population. Subjects and Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, taste and smell supplement 2013-2014 was analyzed for sinonasal question responses regarding discolored nasal mucus, nasal blockage, sinus pain, and dysosmia. The individual prevalences as well as the prevalence of 2 or more of these symptoms (which would be compatible with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis) were determined for the US population. Results After excluding adults with an intercurrent head cold, 113.5 million adults (mean age 58.2 years; 52.6% female) were analyzed. Individual symptom prevalences were dysosmia (9.17 million, 8.1%), nasal blockage (6.9 million, 6.0%), sinus pain (2.37 million, 2.1%), and discolored mucous (1.28 million, 1.1%). Overall, 14.8 million (13.0%) adults had exactly 1 sinonasal symptom, and 2.37 million adults (2.1%) responded with 2 or more cardinal symptoms for chronic rhinosinusitis. With respect to sex, 1.9% of males reported 2 or more symptoms compatible with chronic rhinosinusitis vs 2.2% of females ( P = .690), which is not statistically significant. Conclusion Of US adults, 2.1% meet symptom criteria for the potential diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis at any given time. Further objective corroboration with a physical exam and determination of duration of symptoms would be required to determine the true prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis, but this point prevalence represents the potential population at risk for chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mycotic rhinitis is a rare disease in horses, with few cases reported worldwide and none reported in Australia. Fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract can occur in all species, but its prevalence in horses is considerably lower than in canines or humans. The disease is linked to a variety of pathogens and the clinical signs are associated with subsequent upper respiratory tract damage. Case report: A 6‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding in Queensland, Australia, was presented with chronic nasal discharge and dyspnoea following previous unsuccessful medical treatment of 9 months’ duration. Culture yielded a mixed growth of Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula, as well as secondary bacterial species. The horse was anaesthetised and positioned in sternal recumbency. The nasal passages and sinuses were bathed with fluconazole and dimethylsulfoxide for 1 h on two separate occasions 4 weeks apart. Systemic antimicrobials and corticosteroids were also administered for brief courses. Endoscopic examination 4 months after treatment demonstrated clinical resolution of the rhinitis with residual scar tissue. Owners reported resolution of clinical signs and following the treatment the gelding was able to perform athletically. Clinical relevance: Mycotic rhinitis is an unusual disease that can be difficult to treat successfully. This report describes a technique for topical sinonasal bathing under general anaesthetic that was well tolerated, easy to perform and resulted in a successful clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the “gold standard” for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the importance of linking vaccination with currently advocated disease control and prevention programs to facilitate the eradication of endemic infections while safely maintaining herd immunity. Differentiation between immune responses to primary and repeated exposure of subclinically infected animals and responses induced by vaccination is also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella (S.) enterica subspecies diarizonae (IIIb) serovar 61:(k):1,5,(7) ( S . IIIb 61:(k):1,5,(7)) is considered to be host adapted to sheep and is found regularly in feces of healthy carriers and of sheep with salmonellosis. A few cases of chronic proliferative rhinitis (CPR) in sheep have been described as a new disease in association with S . IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) in the USA, in Spain and now for the first time in Switzerland. Three animals of a flock of Texel sheep suffering from chronic nasal discharge and dyspnea with subsequent death were necropsied. The pathological lesions are consistent with a severe proliferation of the nasal mucosae of the turbinates in association with severe chronic inflammation. S . IIIb 61:(k):1,5,(7) was isolated from the lesions by direct bacteriological culture and the presence of Salmonella spp. was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The affected flock was systematically tested after the first occurrence of the disease. Clinical examination of the flock revealed approx. 20% of the adult sheep to show nasal discharge, approx. 5% having severe dyspnea and approx. 5% having chronic intermittent diarrhea. Lambs (n = 28) showed no clinical signs at all. High positivity of nasal mucosa (46%), but low prevalence in feces (6%) for S . IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) was found. The results lead to the assumption of a direct animal to animal transmission by nasal discharge followed by a chronic disease leading to death after several months to years. Animals tested positive for S . IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) were all >1 year old. CPR represents a chronic disease in adult sheep posing a risk for spreading S . IIIb 61:k:1,5,(7) between flocks and with a zoonotic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]