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Background: The prevalence of Bronchial Asthma increasing day by day at Asian countries due to environmental& nutritional factors. Magnesium plays important role in the prevention of bronchial asthma because magnesium causes the relaxation of smooth muscles & dilatation of bronchioles. This study was aimed to estimate the serum magnesium level in the patients of newly diagnosed cases of acute asthma. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Biochemistry with collaboration Pulmonology OPD LUMHS Hospital Hyderabad. Total 55 newly diagnosed cases of acute asthma between the age of 31 -6 0years were selected with their own consent for this study. The patients were selected on the basis of GINA guidelines. Serum magnesium level was estimated by kit method by auto analyzer. Results:total 55 newly diagnosed cases of acute asthma divided in to three groups according to age Gr:-I (31 -40 years) Gr:-II (41-50 years) Gr:-III (50-60 years). Serum mean serum magnesium levels in Gr:-I was 1.21 ± 0.12 mg/dl, Gr:-II 1.01 ± 0.09 mg/dl while in Gr:-III 0.97 ± 0.87 mg/dl. The mean serum magnesium level significantly decline in group –II & III. Conclusion:Our study concluded that serum magnesium level has decline in the cases of acute attacks of bronchial asthma and also noted in this study that serum magnesium decline directly proportional with elder age. Keywords: Acute Bronchial Asthma, Serum Magnesium, GINA guidelines, COPD

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the serious and life perilous complications of diabetes mellitus. Prolong duration of diabetes, no proper care and management, poor glycemic control in diabetic nephropathy can lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Objective: To assess the relation of serum uric acid & micro albuminuria in the patients of diabetes mellitus for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, LUMHS Jamshoro, with a total of 80 diabetic patients as case study subjects and 80 non-diabetic healthy participants as controls. Random glucose was measured using the gluco oxidase technique, and serum uric acid was measured using the uricase enzyme method in a calorimeter. Immunoterbidimetory kit technique was used to calculate microalbuminuria. Results: The mean value of random blood sugar (RBS) in the control group was 135 ± 10.11 mg/dl, but RBS in the case study group was 224 ± 13.52 mg/dl, indicating that RBS in the case study group was extremely significant (P < 0.001). The mean serum uric acid level in the control group was 4.7 ± 0.6 mg/dl, while it was 6.6 ± 1.4 mg/dl in the case study group, which is highly significant (P

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to appraise the relationship between women’s body image perception and depression in case and controls. Methods: In this case-control study 60 polycystic ovarian syndrome patients established agreeing to the Rotterdam criteria and 60 healthy controls of reproductive age group were enrolled. The PCOS patients and healthy controls were evaluated on questionnaire for physical appearance and depression. Body image perception was accessed using the validated Body Esteem Scale. The symptoms of Depression were evaluated with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report. Results: 55% of PCOS patients had depression while 36.7% were found with depression in the control group. In the PCOS group 65% of patients were found with positive body image while 98.3% of patients were found with positive body image. Significant association of study cases group was found with BMI group (p=0.049), diet habit (p=0.013), depression (p=0.044) and body image (p=0.000). Patients with depression are also more likely to have PCOS in comparison with those who haven’t (OR=2.111). Conclusion: There was a significant association of study group with body image perception and depression. Therefore, health of the patients with this set of symptoms is essential to be acknowledged more fully, predominantly in relation to the despair and poor body image. The outcomes of this study foster implications for clinical practice and propose that a multidisciplinary team should be involved in treatment of PCOS. Key words: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Depression.

Objective: To correlate serum levels of YKL-40 with anthropometric measurements and spirometric indices between normal individuals and asthmatics. Methodology: The case control study was conducted in Department of Chest Medicine, JPMC, Karachi from the month of August 2015 till March 2016. The study recruited sixty participants after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria; among those 30 were normal healthy individuals (PEF > 80% and pulse rate of 60 – 80 beats per minutes); while equal were cases of mild to moderate asthma (PEF more than 50% and pulse rate of 100 – 120 beats per minutes) matched for age and gender. Vitallograph compacta and peak flow meter was used for spirometric indices. Moreover, anthropometric measurements were age, gender, weight (kg), height (m) and body mass index (kg/m2). Ykl-40 Elisa kit was used for serum YKL 40 levels. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 21 (IBM, Chicago, IL). Result: In comparison of Spirometric Evaluation (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% and PEFR) between control and patients with mild to moderate asthma. significant difference was found in the mean values of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and PEFR between cases and controls. Significant inverse correlation was found between YKL-40 with FEV1, FVC, FEVI/FVC% and PEFR among Controls. YKL-40 was found to be significantly correlated with only FEV1/ FVC (%) among cases with correlation co-efficient as – 0.510 (p-value < 0.004). Conclusion: There is an inverse correlation between serum YKL-40 levels and spirometric evaluation thus as the inflammation in asthma increases, YKL-40 level upsurges and causes decrease in lung function tests.

The natural dyes are used since pre-historic times for colouring the wide varieties of fibres for providing value addition, look and desire of the customer. In this study among the different sources of Lichen, Evernia cirrhatum was used to standardise the dyeing recipe for degummed silk cloth. A series of experiments were conducted to optimize the dyeing variables viz., medium of dye extraction, concentration of dye material, dye extraction time and dyeing time. The dyed fabric was then treated with chemical auxiliaries and fastness test was undertaken. Aqueous medium was used by taking 2 g of E. cirrhatum dye per 100 ml of water with 60 minute extraction time and 60 minute dyeing time was found to be optimum. In case of chemical auxiliaries, 2% of citric acid, 2% of sodium sulphate, 3% of oxalic acid and 4% tartaric acid with simultaneous dyeing method was found as best. It was observed that the dyed silk exhibited good to excellent colour fastness to washing and perspiration, no stain on rubbing and very good for light fastness. The chemical auxiliaries that exhibit best fastness characteristic were sodium sulphate and tartaric acid with fastness grade of good to excellent for washing and perspiration fastness, slight stain to no stain for rubbing fastness and good to very good for light fastness.

Indian textiles produced since antiquity conveys the history, the culture and tradition of the past. A number of people in our society have immense wealth of rare textile artefacts, collected or inherited over a period of time, not accessible to all interested in this field. Museums are the only means for obtaining an understandable and complete information regarding culture, history, tradition, arts and crafts and various other noteworthy features distinctive to a region. Museums also offer the opportunity to visitors so that they can have a quick look of rarest and bestest artifacts in the world. There are numerous museums in various cities of Uttar Pradesh that have exclusive artifacts, Allahabad Sangrahalaya is one of them. It has an incredibly large collection of objects, ranging from paintings, textiles, coins, sculptures, manuscripts and jewellery. The present study was undertaken to study various types of textile antiquities preserved, display and storage techniques used and conservation and preservation method employed in Allahabad museum of Uttar Pradesh.

Software engineering activities, for instance, Modern Code Review (MCR) produce quality software by identifying the defects from the code. It involves social coding and provides ample opportunities to share knowledge among MCR team members. However, the MCR team is confronted with the issue of waiting waste due to poor knowledge sharing among MCR team members. As a result, it delays the project delays and increases mental distress. To minimize the waiting waste, this study aims to identify knowledge sharing factors that impact knowledge sharing in MCR. The methodology employed for this study is a systematic literature review to identify knowledge sharing factors, data coding with continual comparison and memoing techniques of grounded theory to produce a unique and categorized list of factors influencing knowledge sharing. The identified factors were then assessed through expert panel for its naming, expressions, and categorization. The study finding reported 22 factors grouped into 5 broad categories. i.e. Individual, Team, Social, Facility conditions, and Artifact. The study is useful for researchers to extend the research and for the MCR team to consider these factors to enhance knowledge sharing and to minimize waiting waste.

Modern Code Review (MCR) is a socio-technical practice to improve source code quality and ensure successful software development. It involves the interaction of software engineers from different cultures and backgrounds. As a result, a variety of unknown situational factors arise that impact the individual sustainability of MCR team members and affect their productivity by causing mental distress, fear of unknown and varying situations. Therefore, the MCR team needs to be aware of the accurate situational factors, however, they are confronted with the issue of lack of competency in the identification of situational factors. This study aims to conduct the Delphi survey to investigate the optimal and well-balanced MCR-related situational factors. The conducted survey also aimed to recognize and prioritize the most influencing situational factors for MCR activities. The study findings reported 21 situational factors, 147 sub-factors, and 5 Categories. Based on the results of the Delphi survey the identified situational factors are transformed into the situational MCR framework. This study might be helpful to support the individual sustainability of the MCR team by making them aware of the situations that can occur and vary during the execution of the MCR process. This research might also help the MCR team to improve their productivity and sustain in the industry for longer. It can also support software researchers who want to contribute to situational software engineering from varying software engineering contexts.

Modern Code Review (MCR) is a quality assurance technique that involves massive interactions between team members of MCR. Presently team members of MCR are confronting with the problem of waiting waste production, which results in their psychological distress and project delays. Therefore, the MCR team needs to have effective knowledge sharing during MCR activities, to avoid the circumstances that lead the team members to the waiting state. The objective of this study is to develop the knowledge sharing framework for MCR team to reduce waiting waste. The research methodology used for this study is the Delphi survey. The conducted Delphi survey intended to produce the finalized list of knowledge sharing factors and to recognize and prioritize the most influencing knowledge sharing factor for MCR activities. The study results reported 22 knowledge sharing factors, 135 sub-factor, and 5 categories. Grounded on the results of the Delphi survey the knowledge sharing framework for MCR has been developed. The study is beneficial for software engineering researchers to outspread the research. It can also help the MCR team members to consider the designed framework to increase knowledge sharing and diminish waiting waste.

Software engineers working in Modern Code Review (MCR) are confronted with the issue of lack of competency in the identification of situational factors. MCR is a software engineering activity for the identification and fixation of defects before the delivery of the software product. This issue can be a threat to the individual sustainability of software engineers and it can be addressed by situational awareness. Therefore, the objective of the study is to identify situational factors concerning the MCR process. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has been used to identify situational factors. Data coding along with continuous comparison and memoing procedures of grounded theory and expert review has been used to produce an exclusive and validated list of situational factors grouped under categories. The study results conveyed 23 situational factors that are grouped into 5 broad categories i.e. People, Organization, Technology, Source Code and Project. The study is valuable for researchers to extend the research and for software engineers to identify situations and sustain for longer.

Code review is an essential practice to evaluate the quality of source code. Presently the Modern trend of code review known as Modern Code Review (MCR), an informal modified version of Fagan's inspection is widely used. In MCR process, MCR workforce that is author and reviewer work together to improve the code quality and software quality. It is a peer-reviewed process, the source code written by the author is evaluated by the reviewer. For the effective outcomes of the MCR process, it is required to focus on the sustainability of the MCR workforce so that they can sustain for a longer and produce the effective outcomes. However, the sustainability of MCR workforce is impacted by the unidentified project-related situational factors. The existing literature of MCR is lacking concerning the identification of project-related situational factors that impact the sustainability of the MCR workforce. Therefore, this study aims to perform the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify the project-related situational factors that can impact the sustainability of the MCR workforce. The situational components are collected into two key classifications, for example, project release management and project attributes. The grounded hypothesis approach has been applied to get final unique and categorized list of project-related situational factors. The identified unique and categorized list of project-related situational components is additionally double checked by the expert panel for their categorizations, naming conventions and suggestions of additional project-related situational factors. The investigation results announced 18 project-related situational factors. The study will be advantageous for experts involved in situational software engineering research as well as the MCR workforce to sustain for longer by overcoming the challenge of unidentified situations.

Knowledge is the foremost asset to succeed in the area of green sustainable software engineering. Effective knowledge sharing is a crucial objective of companies. However, individuals are not motivated to share knowledge. This study explores knowledge sharing in the context of Modern Code Review (MCR) where engineers assess source code composed by other developers to improve the product quality through knowledge exchange among developers (Author and reviewer). The procedure is profoundly subject to individual associations among developers regarding contribute to the outcomes of MCR such as identifying alternative solutions, code improvement, and knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing is supposed as an important outcome of MCR; however, developers involved in MCR activities are confronted with a lack of knowledge sharing challenge due to a dearth of knowledge sharing motivation. There are different individual factors that might encourage or hinder developers to engage in knowledge sharing. Studies have been performed dependent on information investigation gathered from surveys, interviews and review tools concerning elements affecting MCR, still the literature lacks research regarding factors impacting knowledge sharing aspect in MCR. Hence, this examination performs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that distinguish individual factors impacting knowledge sharing in MCR. The examination discoveries 34 individual factors such as biasness, cognitive load, time pressure, expertise, etc. The factors are grouped into 7 broad categories utilizing grounded theory. Study discoveries have suggestions for programming specialists involved in MCR activities and researchers interested to perform research in this area to broaden the examination and perform MCR exercises adequately by considering and beating the negative effect of recognized variables.

Code review is a sustainable software engineering practice to assure software quality. Presently it is performed by software engineers with the help of tool support, for instance, Gerrit and termed as Modern Code Review (MCR). It is a lightweight way to deal with distinguishing abandons from source code. Software engineer's efficiency while performing MCR activities is exposed to varying people related situational factors that impact the software engineer's sustainability. The literature lacks the identification of people related situational factors in MCR. For successful MCR results, there is a need to distinguish people concerning situational factors to enhance the productivity and competence of software engineers for their sustainability. Therefore, this investigation intends to recognize situational variables influencing the ability and efficiency of software engineers. The systematic methodology utilized for this examination is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The study results reported 52 situational factors. The situational factors are assembled into four fundamental classifications such as team, team interaction, reviewer response and knowledge sharing. The grounded theory approach has been applied to get final unique list of people related situational factors and sub factors. The investigation will be useful for expert performing examination seeing situational factors as well as the sustainability of software engineers engaged with MCR activities.

Modern Code Review (MCR) is a key practice to improve code quality and share knowledge among authors and reviewers. Feedback from the reviewer is an important aspect of the review process that initiates the process of knowledge sharing. In MCR the knowledge sharing though reported as an important benefit, however also reported as a challenge for author and reviewer. It is argued that the reviewers do not share knowledge in the form of insightful, constructive and formative feedback. Developers are facing poor knowledge sharing challenge in addition to other MCR challenges. It is understood that the feedback from the reviewer is an important facet to share knowledge. There are various factors associated with the feedback provided by reviewers that hamper the knowledge sharing aspect in MCR process. There is a gap in the MCR literature concerning the exploration of feedback conceptualization, importance and its impacts on knowledge sharing. Therefore, this study explores the factors associated with feedback that impact knowledge sharing in MCR. Systematic Literature Review (SLR), grounded theory and expert opinion strategies are followed to recognize the unique, categorized and validated list of feedback concerning factors that impact knowledge sharing in MCR. The examination discovers 42 factors such as feedback usefulness, harsh comments, criticism on the author, broadcast feedback, etc. The identified 42 factors are grouped into 14 unique categories, for instance, feedback communication, feedback language, feedback content, feedback temporal aspects, etc. The performed study has suggestions for members involved in engaging in MCR activities and investigators attracted research this zone to widen the investigation and share knowledge adequately among team members by bearing in mind and coping with the negative effect of recognized variables and thus minimizing the production of software engineering wastes.

Modern (MCR) is a multistage process where developers evaluate source code written by another developer to enhance the software quality. The process is deeply dependent on interactions among the workforce (reviewer, and author) involved in process activities. Interactions among the MCR workforce are roots of various individual, social and personnel factors influencing the MCR process. Multiple research has been performed based on data analysis collected from review tools, surveys, and interviews at a single company concerning factors affecting MCR. However, MCR research is lacking systematized study concerning individual, social and personnel factors influencing the MCR process. Therefore, this study performs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify individual, social and personnel factors influencing the MCR process. The study findings highlight individual factors (individual skills, characteristics, emotions, etc.), social factors (trust, relationship, interaction, impression, etc.) and personnel factors (team, team interaction, and reviewer response) that influence the MCR process. Study findings have implications for software engineering researchers performing research in the area and MCR team members to extend the research and perform MCR activities effectively by considering and overcoming the negative impact of identified factors.

Software engineering supports the development of software systems ensuring ease and success for humanity. However, humanity is facing various complex barriers contributing risk to societies, for instance, lack of sustainable software engineering practices, tools, and methodologies. As a software engineer, one can support and contribute to sustainability by developing sustainable software products through sustainable practices along with managing economic, environmental, social, technical and individual dimensions of sustainability. Software engineering with sustainable practices allows for the development of sustainable software. Sustainability concerning economic, environmental, technical and social dimensions have been well explored in literature but individual sustainability dimensions need insight from researchers. Therefore, there is a need to research from an individual sustainability perspective, so this study presents the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol to identify the individual sustainability barriers along with their mitigation strategies. This research will be helpful for a sustainable software engineering body of knowledge and researchers interested to contribute for sustainability concerns in software engineering, by providing the SLR protocol to identify the prioritized list of barriers and mitigation strategies concerning individual sustainability.

Sustainable software engineering is a mean of developing sustainable software with sustainable software engineering process activities while balancing its various dimensions for instance economic, environmental, social, technical and individual. It is conveyed that the economic, technical, environmental and social dimensions are explored to satisfactory degree however the individual dimension of sustainable software engineering which is concerned with wellbeing of software engineers is not explored to satisfactory degree with respect to its understanding and challenges. Therefore, the aim of the study is to highlight and prioritize the challenges regarding individual sustainability dimension. The study also provides the mitigation strategies for the top five individual sustainability challenges. The systematic literature review has been performed to report the challenges and mitigation strategies. The study finding shows that lack of domain knowledge, lack of methodologies and tool support, lack of education, varying and unidentified situations and lack of sustainable software engineering practices are top most challenges regarding individual sustainability. These challenges need an urgent attention to achieve the goal of sustainable software engineering. The study also reports various mitigation strategies to overcome the risk of identified top most individual sustainability challenges such as to introduce sustainable software engineering education and knowledge in software engineering curricula, development of knowledge sharing frameworks and awareness regarding unclear and varying situations for each software engineering activity etc. The study will be beneficial for sustainable software engineering body of knowledge, sustainable software engineering practitioners and researchers by providing classified list of individual sustainability challenges and their mitigation strategies.

Decorating fabrics by dyeing and printing are very ancient arts, which in modern time have received considerable help from science and have shared in the forward surge of technology. Printing, a method of ornamentation employed first by ancient Indians and Egyptians, can be broadly classified on the basis of methods and styles. Textile printing is the process of applying colour to the fabric in a definite pattern or design. It may be regarded as a specialized technique of dyeing. The main idea of printing is to deliberate and control application of dye to exactly defined location on the fabric leaving the rest of the fabric essentially unaffected. In dyeing, colour is applied in the form of solution, whereas in printing, colour is applied in the form of a printing paste of the dye and thickener.

Software quality is major concern of all the stakeholders either acquirer of the software or supplier of the software. Software inspection is the static verification technique that can contribute to the quality development of the software. As the development trend is focused towards open source software development the smart and light weight techniques are emerged. One of them is modern code review, a light weight software inspection technique. The modern code review is informal, static code analysis performed by small team using collaborative tools. It is argued that modern code review provides benefits other than defect detection and is also subject to various challenges such as lack of trust, communication issues, effective knowledge sharing, personal conflicts and varying situations etc. There has been little research with respect to systematizing and identifying the challenges faced by, and benefits gained by Modern Code Review (MCR) team. There is dire need to recognize and organize these challenges and benefits based on modern code review literature. The aim is to highlight and organize the challenges and benefits regarding modern code review context. It will be beneficial for software quality assurance practitioners and researchers by providing classified list of challenges and benefits.

Wool is a fiber from the fleece of domesticated sheep. The scaly structure of wool is responsible, to a great extent, for the tendency of wool to felt and shrink. Chlorination is a commonly used process to modify the scales of wool fibers with the purpose of providing resistance to felting and shrinkage but this process shows a number of drawbacks which forced to search for an ecologically clean alternative. There have been many attempts to replace this chlorine process by an environmental friendly process that would similarly degrade the scales. Enzyme processing is one of them that has come to forefront in the textile processing units and made processing more eco-friendly. In the present study an attempt was made to treat the wollen fabric with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g/l) of Protease enzyme and observed the effects on physical properties including hand of the fabric, weight loss, Scanning Electron Microscope (SCM) test, absorbency, pilling, tensile strength, and fabric drape, dyeability as well as colour fastness properties of woolen fabrics. The control, scoured and enzyme treated samples were also tested and compared. All the samples were dyed with acid dye to check the effect of enzymatic degumming on dye ability of wool fabric. The dyed fabrics were subjected to testing for various colorfastness properties including light, washing, crocking and perspiration. Untreated wool fiber showed fair handle, no absorbency (60 seconds), rough and sharp scales on the surface of fiber, however enzyme treatment with different concentrations wool fabric showed improvement in softness, slight weight loss (6.31%), smoother surface scales, improved absorbency (minimum 45 seconds) and drapability. Treatment with protease enzyme brought improvement in the physical and colorfastness properties of wool fabric. Among all the concentrations of protease enzyme, 4 g/l concentration was found to be best.

Software review is an effective and best practice to verify the software quality. This paper presents an effective and efficient review process. It overcomes the obstacles facing the current review processes. Current review processes face these obstacles due to their rigid and time consuming nature. Proposed review process introduces twofold review activity, an effectual meeting procedure and course of actions for future improvements. It is an attempt to minimize the inflexible requirements of the review meetings. It aimed at reduction of synchronous review meeting by removing less critical defects before synchronous review meeting. It is evaluated through an experiment and comparative analysis, which has provided effective results.

A turbidimetric method is proposed for the determination of ajmaline in the range of 5–60 μg. The procedure has been applied to the estimation of a single spot obtained after chromatographic or electrophoretic separation of ajmaline from the Rauwolfia alkaloids. The method is rapid and has an accuracy of ± 0.5 μg.

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of 5–100 μg samples of ajmaline is described. Ajmaline gives a red colour with concentrated nitric acid, which is measured at 510 mμ after a definite time interval. The limits of interference from serpentine and ajmalicine are given. The method can be applied directly for the estimation of ajmaline in pharmaceutical preparations.