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The study aimed to assess central nervous systems in children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), using the techniques of magnetic resonance (MRI). The analyses considered 200 children, both female and male, aged 6–17 years, diagnosed with FASD, as well as 32 healthy children of both sexes, aged 6–16 years. Brain anomalies as well as linear and surface area measurements of the brain and corpus callosum were assessed. 1H MRS and DWI signals were evaluated in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia, hippocampi, and cerebellum. Several brain anomalies were found in children with FASD. Qualitative assessment showed the thinning of the corpus callosum in 40% of the cases and cerebral ventricular asymmetry in 32% of the children. The mean thickness of the corpus callosum isthmus and the mean length of the corpus callosum were statistically lower in children with FASD. Higher Lip/Cr concentration and DWI values as well as lower NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr concentrations were found in multiple studied brain regions. The analysis of the present findings in the study group showed that brain MRI examinations of children with FASD more often identified a decreased corpus callosum and 1H MRS and DWI abnormalities, particularly in the region of basal ganglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) it is very important to recognize pathologic condition and to start proper treatment as early as possible to lessen its consequences. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography are the best imaging modalities because they depict early stages of this disease and allows to control response to treatment. MRI depicts also bone oedema, which is a strong predictor of further progression. The process of standardization is needed in assessing both MR and US pictures. Standardization allows to compared both examinations of the same patient in different time and examinations of different patients. An aim of this article is to present: MR protocols of hand and wrist MR examinations for rheumatologic demand and standards of results, according to worldwide OMERAC RAMRIS 2002 and supplemented by tenosynovitis system; proposals for US examination of hands in rheumatoid patients.

Unlabelled: Fibrous dysplasia (dysplasia fibrosa -DF) is a local disorder of spongy bone structure caused by local pathological metabolism. Transformation of trabecular bony structure into connective tissue takes place. Inside the transformed bone scattered connective tissue elements, cartilaginous elements and pathological density are found. The disease proliferates either in the medullary bone or in subperiosteal region, and the development of fibrous tissue causes bone expansion with thinning of overlying cortex. The radiological appearance depends on the stage of the disease. The margins of the lesions are usually obscured and gradually turn into pathological tissue of trabeculated appearance., Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to demonstrate fibrous dysplasia that is accidentally found during radiological diagnostics of facial skeleton and stomatological disease, and to describe radiological appearance of the pathological lesions., Material and Method: The material included 23 patients (9 males, 14 females), of 24 to 64 years of age, that were directed for the diagnostics of facial skeleton and stomatological disease with the use of multislice computer tomography, because of clinically diagnosed pathologies in the nasal sinuses, temporomandibular joints, pathologies of the mandible and maxillary, and before treatment with prosthetic implants. All the presented fibrous dysplasia cases were diagnosed during the performance of the above examinations. The examinations were performed by the use of spiral CT (Siemens Somatom Sensation 10) with standard parameters. The range of the examination included the nasal sinuses, facial skeleton or the whole scull-configuration of the detectors 10 x 0.75 mm, slice thickness 1 mm, reconstruction gap 0.7 mm, kernel H60s for osseous structure evaluation, and slice thickness 1, 4 do 4 mm, reconstruction gap 4 mm, kernel H31s for soft tissue evaluation. The obtained results were presented sented in the form of figures., Results: In the analyzed material 23 cases of scull fibrous dysplasia were found. The disease involved 9 males (39.14%) and 14 females (60.86%) from 24 to 64 years of age. Mean age for the whole group was 46.6 years, for males was 50,5 years and for females was 44.4 years. Females with fibrous dysplasia were more numerous (60.86%) than males (39.14%). Monoostotic dysplasia was found in 18 cases (78,89%), polyostotic dysplasia was found in 4 cases (13.05%), the skull-face dysplasia was found in 9 cases (14.07%). The radiological appearance is characterized by lesions that unclearly and gradually turn into pathological tissue with different densities, trabeculated appearance, and sclerotic, lytic or mixed structure. Early lesions usually have lower density than the normal surrounding bone, giving the appearance of translucency., Conclusions: Fibrous dysplasia of the facial skeleton is most commonly incidentally found on CT examinations of the head, mandible and nasal sinuses. Diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia is important because of unfavorable influence of the disease on stomatognathic system, laryngological disease, ophthalmic and neurological disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present the method of three-dimentional contrast-enhanced moving-table MR angiography, on the basis of own experience., Method: The 1,5T MR system with moving-table option was used to examin pelvic and peripheral arteries of lower extremities. The body coil was used. The large region of interest was divided into three segments: TOP--pelvis, MID--thight and BOT--leg. MR aquisitions were performed in coronal plane after injection of contrast, given by the automatic two-chamber syringe. Programm IVI were used to obtain 3D reconstructions., Conclusion: Three-dimentional contrast-enhanced moving-table MR angiography is accurate, noninvasive diagnostic method for evaluation of peripheral arterial diseases of lower extremities and allows to choose an adequate method of treatment.

Introduction: Diagnosis of primary generalised seizures may be not precise because difficulties exist with the assessment of information of focal onset of these seizures., The Aim: The aim was to examine if the careful searching for partial component of seizures is necessary in children with so called primary generalized seizures., Material and Methods: The examined group included 45 children aged 6 month to 18 year (mean 11 year) within 19 girls and 26 boys, hospitalized during the year 2006 in the Department of Pediatric Neurology UJ CM in Krakow. The history indicated the primary generalized character of seizures. The tonic-clonic seizures were observed in 39 children, myoclonic in 3, infantile spasms in 1 and absence in other 2. In 6 patients familiar epilepsy was diagnosed in first-degree cousins. Neuropediatric examination was normal apart from 4 children with dysmorphic features of the face. Intellectual development was normal in 43 children, however it was close to the lower range in one and mildly delayed in the other one. Generalized paroxysmal bioelectric activity was detected in 43 children and in 2 children EEG pattern was normal. MRI was performed in SE T1, FSE T2, PD, FLAIR and IR T1 sequences with 3 or 5 millimetre thickness of layer in the sagital, coronal and transversal plane, using a 1.5 T signa horizon HiSpeed General Electric. These examinations were performed in the Voxel MR Laboratory in University Children's Hospital in Krakow., Results: MRI results were normal in 14/45 children and in others pathological. In 9/45 MR revealed subarachnoidal cyst, in 8 lateral ventricles asymmetry, in 5 mild demyelination, in 9 subarachnoid space and lateral ventricles dilatation. In 2/45 children brain tumors (hamartoma of the hypothalamus and DNET of the temporal lobe), in 1 gliosis of the occipital lobe were revealed, however other insignificant changes were also observed. Dual or multiple MRI pathology was revealed in 14 children. In17/45 children abnormalities were localized., Conclusions: Existence of focal pathology in MRI of 38% children with the history of so called primary generalized seizures suggested the necessity of more careful searching for partial component of seizures.