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One century after what is considered as its "official" implantation in Australia - conventionally established by Duke Kahanamoku's visit in 1914 - surfing continues to embody "'alternative' sporting values such as anti-competitiveness, anti-regulation, and personal freedom" (Wheaton, 2004). However, the emergence of competitive surfing in the 1960s introduced an ambivalent dimension to the practice, between the "soul surfers" and competitors, as well as between the "romantic" representations of surfing and the interrelated consumeristic aspects of the practice. This is particularly true on the Gold Coast, where competitive surfing has been incentivised not only by the abundance of high quality breaks but also by social and historical factors such as the (re)inclusion of the Gold Coast in the World Tour in 2002, the active job of the ubiquitous Boardriders Clubs on the local beaches, the legacy created by the locally bred world champions, and the inclusion of surfing programs in schools. Moreover, in the mobile and rapidly growing context of the Gold Coast, residents are now trying to affirm a cultural identity that overcomes the vision of the city as just a touristic resort and surfing has been playing an important role in this process. In fact, it has contributed to characterising the local landscape, define a particular "lifestyle", and delineate the cultural identity of a city that can be defined as a "surfing place". This is clearly exemplified by the inclusion of the Gold Coast in the World Surfing Reserve list. Anthropologists would refer to this process as "heritagization", a defining act which can establish an "order of things", determining the value of surfing for the local community at a social, cultural, and political level. This paper analyses this process and some of its consequences, such as its ability to stimulate environmental awareness and activism, legitimise economic/infrastructural interventions or institutional actions such as the Surf Management Plan, and promote the broader participation in surfing among new devotees who were not deeply involved before, such as women and aboriginal surfers.

Surfing embodies "'alternative' sporting values such as anti-competitiveness, anti-regulation, […] personal freedom" (Wheaton, 2004). However, the emergence of competitive surfing introduced an ambivalent dimension in the practice, between the so called "soul surfers" and competitors (Booth, 1995), as well as between the "romantic" representations of surfing (Ford and Brown, 2006) and the interrelated consumeristic aspects of the practice. Nowadays, such tensions continue to characterize surfing (e.g. with the recent inclusion of the sport in the Olympics), especially at a rhetoric level. However, surfing has an apparently contradictory nature also for different reasons. Firstly, it is both an individual and social activity. Surfers ride the waves alone, but surfing spots are social arenas, where people meet, interact, evaluate, learn and teach, contributing to shape and to transmit surfing culture(s). Secondly, surfers' fascination toward "the search" (for waves) all around the world is in contrast with the opposite phenomenon of the arbitrary self-ascription of particular spots by the so-called "locals". Finally, in the particular surfing context of the Gold Coast, surf represents, at the same time, a global activity and an important part of the local identity and "lifestyle". This is clearly exemplified by the process of inclusion of part of the Gold Coast in the World Surfing Reserve list, to which anthropologists would refer to as "patrimonialization". Effectively, being part of the list means not only to be globally considered as one of the most representative spots in the world, but also that surfing is now "officially" recognized as part of the cultural heritage of the Gold Coast. In a similar way, the Gold Coast as a surfing environment epitomizes such ambivalence. In effect, the urban, social and environmental differences between the northern side of the coast, and especially Surfers Paradise and Southport, and the rest of the region (the southern Coast which became a Surfing Reserve, and the hinterland) appear evident even to a superficial observation. Furthermore, the rapid socio-economic changes which characterized the city in the last years produced a mobile geography of the local communities (Baker et al., 2012). Moreover, the ambiguity is expressed also in the cultural representations of the city. There are "significant differences in perception of the Gold Coast city image by visitors and residents" (Potts et al., 2011). At different levels, residents are trying to affirm a local cultural identity which overcome the superficial vision of the Gold Coast as a touristic resort. And surfing is part of this processes of re-shaping of a local cultural identity. Even the image of the city elaborated by the media contrasts with the social reality, and at the same time influences it, in different and contradictory ways (Baker et al., 2012). For all these reasons, the Gold Coast represents an important and in some ways unique perspective from which to study surfing both as a local and global activity. The aim of this paper is to show the relationships between the ambiguity of surfing as a practice and the Gold Coast as a "constructed surfing place" (Preston-Whyte, 2002), and to present my PhD ethnographic research project, established on the following research questions: - What does it mean to surf on the Gold Coast? Is there something specific in the GC surfing culture in regard to other surfing places in Australia and the world? - Does surfing in the Gold Coast inform a local sense of belonging? - How does the Gold Coast surfing culture interrelate with the local cultural, social and political features? - How do surfers from the Gold Coast define themselves as "locals", and construct their "surfing place[s]"?

Since its emergence in the 1950s, imagery and ideology surrounding modern surfing has spread from the beaches of California and Australia around the world, creating a global culture which is heavily localised through socially constructed traditions and tales. Depictions of surf culture often encompass the maverick, masculine, white male; the explorer, the hedonist in an individualised pursuit. This paper uses the case study of a local boardriders club in Gold Coast, Australia, in order to explore the potential of surfing to be narrativized and inspire narratives in such a global-local, collective-individual manner. In fact, surfing is an individual activity, but surfing places are social arenas, and surfing narratives are collectively shaped (and accepted) by the communities of surfers. Drawing upon extensive empirical data, this paper considers how local traditions have been created; in relation to clubs, characters and "local heroes", the stories of whom have come to shape both a locations' surf heritage and future. Taking a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach, this paper brings together the ideas of an anthropologist and a cultural geographer who are both currently working on surf culture(s) and their local/global dimensions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of new doxorubicin (DXR) derivatives, 3'-deamino-3'-(2-methoxy-4- morpholinyl)DXR (MRA-MT), and 4'-deoxy-4'-iodo-doxorubicin (IDXR), comparing them to doxorubicin (DXR). Both anthracycline derivatives were approximately 1.5- to 9-fold more active than DXR in inhibiting the colony-formation ability of DU145, HOS, and A2780 human cancer cell lines. Anesthetized rats given a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of DXR 10 mg/kg showed significant changes in both ECG (S alpha T segment and QRS complex widening) and hemodynamic parameters (impairment in systemic arterial dP/dtmax systolic and diastolic blood pressure), whereas animals that received MRA-MT (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) had no significant signs of acute cardiotoxicity. In this case the animals treated with IDXR 1.2 mg/kg showed alterations in the ECG as the animals treated with DXR. In the chronic cardiotoxicity study, some animals received MRA-MT (0.03 mg/kg i.v. once a week for 3 weeks) and others IDXR (4 mg/kg once a week for 3 weeks). They did not show any alteration in ECG and cardiac histological picture. By contrast, DXR (3 mg/kg i.v. once a week for 3 weeks) induced a severe cardiomyopathy, characterized by progressive widening of S alpha T segment, increase in T wave, and histological damage consisting of vacuolations and loss of myofibrils. These results suggest that MRA-MT and IDXR are more active in vitro and markedly less cardiotoxic in vivo than DXR.

L’esigenza di ogni impresa impegnata in processi di material handling è la razionalizzazione delle risorse da destinare alla logistica. La difficoltà nello snellimento delle procedure, nella semplificazione delle pratiche amministrative e la generale necessità di liberare risorse da focalizzare sul core business, inducono le aziende ad adottare soluzioni di 3PL (Third Part Logistics). Veri e propri operatori logistici, gli attori 3PL offrono la capacità di handling, di stoccaggio dei propri hub distributivi ad aziende partner che terziarizzano la gestione operativa e dei flussi fisici e informativi verso il cliente finale. Motori che guidano tali soggetti nell'agire quotidiano sono principalmente obiettivi inerenti la qualità, la sicurezza ed l'efficienza, che insieme impatto direttamente sul livello di servizio offerto al consumatore finale.

The present study investigates the effect of the somatostatin analogue octreotide acetate (SMS 201-995) on experimental angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Octreotide reduced the proliferation of human HUV-EC-C endothelial cells (mean, -45.8% versus controls at 10(-9) M; P0.05) as well as the density of the vascular network of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (mean, -35.7% versus controls at 50 microgram; P0.05). Furthermore, octreotide significantly inhibited chick chorioallantoic membrane neovascularization by the human MCF-10Aint-2 mammary cells secreting the angiogenic protein FGF-3. The proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells from rat aorta explants on fibronectin was reduced by octreotide 10(-8) M (mean, -32.6% versus controls; P0.05), and a similar effect was produced on cells sprouting from explants cultured in fibrin (mean, -52.9% versus controls; P0.05). Topical administration of octreotide 10 microgram/day for 6 days inhibited rat cornea neovascularization induced by AgNO3/KNO3 (mean, -50.6% versus controls; P0.05). Octreotide 40 microgram/day i.p was tested on angiogenesis in rat mesentery obtained by i.p. injections of compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulating agent, or conditioned medium from MCF-10Aint-2 cells and was able to reduce the extent of neovascularization (mean, -45.6 and -64.1%, respectively, versus controls; P0.05). These data provide evidence that octreotide is an inhibitor of experimental angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

The pharmacokinetics of single intraperitoneal doses of paclitaxel (18 and 36 mg/kg) in mice were investigated in the present study. The analysis of drug concentrations by HPLC indicated that the plasma Cmax (13.0 +/- 3.1 and 25.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml, respectively) were reached at the 2nd hr. The values of CL were low (0.06 and 0.1 ml/min, respectively), and t1/2 beta values of 3.0 and 3.7 hr were found, after 18 and 36 mg/kg, respectively. The highest tissue concentrations were observed in the liver (50.2 +/- 3.1 and 92.0 +/- 9.5 micrograms/g respectively), followed by the pancreas (39.3 +/- 9.9 micrograms/g) and the ovary (53.4 +/- 5.6 micrograms/g) after 18 and 36 mg/kg, respectively. In the case of the colic tissue, paclitaxel Cmax were 14.4 +/- 0.8 and 32.8 +/- 3.5 micrograms/g at the 3rd hr, respectively, with sustained drug levels still detectable 24 hr after treatment. Paclitaxel Cmax values of 12.7 +/- 3.0 and 53.4 +/- 5.6 micrograms/g were detected in the ovary after 18 and 36 mg/kg, respectively. The overall results provide evidence that, after intraperitoneal administration, paclitaxel concentrates in peritoneal organs; however, the intraperitoneal route does not prevent systemic drug exposure, allowing high and sustained levels of paclitaxel also in several extraperitoneal tissues.

The refractoriness of prostate cancer to androgen suppression is the landmark of clinically aggressive disease. In this study, the androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells were transfected with the mutated c-Ha-ras gene from the T24 human bladder cancer. The derivative clone overexpressing T24-ras (LNCaP(T24-ras)) proliferated in androgen-depleted medium and showed increased growth. Protein isoprenylation and p21ras farnesylation in LNCaP(T24-ras) cells were tested in the presence of phenylacetate to document a possible relationship with the drug-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. Phenylacetate is a differentiation inducer that down-regulates in vitro the expression of the myc oncogene and activates the human peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor involved in cell growth regulation. The drug inhibited protein isoprenylation and p21ras farnesylation in LNCaP(T24-ras) cells; IC50 values were 3.1 and 3.3 mM, respectively, compared with controls. The drug reduced the cellular levels of endogenous farnesyl-PP (mean IC50 = 3.5 mM) and inhibited activation of the p21ras downstream target, p42(MAPK)/ERK2. LNCaP(T24-ras) was more sensitive than the parental line to both growth inhibition (mean IC50 = 3.01 and 7.1 mM, respectively) and apoptosis by phenylacetate. Exogenous farnesyl- and geranylgeranyl-PP indeed reduced the effects of the drug on proliferation and apoptosis in LNCaP(T24-ras) cells. In conclusion, the inhibition of protein isoprenylation and p21ras farnesylation by phenylacetate resulted in increased chemosensitivity of the androgen-independent LNCaP(T24-ras) cells compared with LNCaP, and this effect might contribute to the pharmacological activity of the drug.