Search

Juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua(initial mean weight = 15.6 g) were fed three isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets (55% protein, 16% fat; calculated gross energy ˜ 20.5 MJ/kg) containing dried laver (nori) Porphyraspp. (red algae) to replace 0, 15, and 30% of the fish meal in a commercially available marine finfish diet. After 84 d, no differences in survival, growth, or hepatosomatic index were found among the treatment groups. The fish attained an average weight of 41.0 g, a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.19%, and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.26. The fatty acid composition of the muscle was similar among treatment groups except that arachidonic acid levels were greater in fish given diets with 30% Porphyrareplacement. These results indicate that Porphyraspp. at levels up to 30% provide a suitable fish meal replacement in diets for juvenile Atlantic cod.

Hereditary pancreatitis appears in many different ways and in a variety of age groups, spanning both pediatric and adult medicine. The variable expression of hereditary pancreatitis is emphasized by the difficulty in diagnosing it in a patient obviously at risk because of a severely affected father and son. The morphine prostigmine test and hypotonic duodenogram were most helpful. Aminoaciduria previously associated with this disorder is coincidental or nonspecifically related to acute pancreatic inflammation. The increased risk for pancreatic carcinoma (about 20%) is emphasized by the concern for that complication in the proband's grandfather.

In any discussion of pancreatitis the chief obstacle in communication is a lack of agreement as to what is meant by the terms acute, chronic, and recurrent pancreatitis. This is due not only to a wide range of subjective clinical manifestations, but also to incomplete histories, variable patient backgrounds, and differing types of referral practices represented in published data.

THE ROLE of the pancreas in fat metabolism has occupied the attention of both clinician and investigator since Fisher's1 demonstration in 1924 that pancreatectomized dogs maintained on insulin succumbed with fatty livers to a condition other than diabetes.Parenteral injection of ethionine, which specifically produces necrosis of the acinar cells of the pancreas, resulted in fatty livers in female rats.2Ivy3 has raised the question whether such changes ever occur in the human subject.Numerous reports in the literature, however, suggest that pancreatic disease may result in pathological liver changes in man, as well as in animals.Portal cirrhosis of the liver has been reported in association with pancreatic lithiasis by Feissinger and Olivier,4 Valléry-Radot5 and co-workers, and Witherspoon.6Roux7 described a man with pancreatic lithiasis who had an enlarged fatty liver with ascites. Improvement occurred in the ascites when the patient was

Diagnosis may be established by a careful history, elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, amylase, or lipase, the presence of increased fats or undigested muscle fibers in the stool, and a positive morphine-Prostigmin evocative test. Successful operation must be guided by preoperative pancreatography and depends on an adequate sphincteroplasty to both the common duct and the duct of Wirsung.

Surgical production of splenorenal shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension has stimulated interest in the dynamics of liver blood flow. The objective of such shunts is to eliminate bleeding from esophageal varices, presumbably by reducing portal vein pressure. The reduction in portal vein pressure achieved by such a shunt can be measured by direct manometric reading at the time of surgery. However, such data are of limited value. The measurements can be obtained only at the time of operation; they vary with the systemic blood pressure, and they are frequently not reproducible in closely adjacent areas of the same vein.It would seem desirable, then, to have some additional measure of hepatic hemodynamics. Bradley and co-workers* have estimated the liver blood flow by sulfobromophthalein (BSP) clearance. They found a reduction in the hepatic blood flow of cirrhotics, which was further reduced after a portacaval shunt.Dobson and Jones4

IN 1953, McDermott and Bartlett1 analyzed the results at the Massachusetts General Hospital of pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer of the head of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, common bile duct, and duodenum for the ten-year period 1941 to 1950. In comparing their findings with the clinical course of the same types of carcinoma during the preceding decade (1931 to 1940) during which time only palliative surgery was used, they concluded that little or nothing had been accomplished by pancreaticoduodenectomy if the results were evaluated in terms of overall salvage.It was felt desirable then to review the subsequent decade, 1951 to 1960, and compare it with these two previous decades to see if with continued efforts at resective surgery any change had occurred in the salvage rate.There were 152 patients with proved pancreaticoduodenal cancer admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital from Jan 1, 1951, through Dec 31, 1960. No

STENOSIS of the lower end of the common bile duct without choledocholithiasis has been recognized for many years.5,11, 17,23,31 However, Delfor Del Valle11 first described the pathology of this lesion in 1926, interpreting it as a benign inflammatory and fibrous process, which he called "Colédoco-Odditis Esclero-retráctil." He also described the clinical syndrome produced by the stenosis and considered the possibility of making a preoperative diagnosis.Recent investigations1-4,6,17,20,24-26,29 have established that the scarring which produces the stenosis is the final and irreversible result of inflammatory changes. In addition, subacute and acute inflammatory lesions have been identified; they may be reversible, as are their clinical manifestations. However, simple edema can cause complete obstruction either of the common bile duct or Wirsung's duct with resulting cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, or pancreatitis. In this context, it is appropriate to remember that urticaria may be a trivial allergic phenomenon, but Quincke's edema because