12 results on '"Narayana A. I."'
Search Results
2. The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories : a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019
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da Cunha, A. R. (Amanda Ramos), Compton, K. (Kelly), Xu, R. (Rixing), Mishra, R. (Rashmi), Drangsholt, M. T. (Mark Thomas), Antunes, J. L. (Jose Leopoldo Ferreira), Kerr, A. R. (Alexander R.), Acheson, A. R. (Alistair R.), Lu, D. (Dan), Wallace, L. E. (Lindsey E.), Kocarnik, J. M. (Jonathan M.), Fu, W. (Weijia), Dean, F. E. (Frances E.), Pennini, A. (Alyssa), Henrikson, H. J. (Hannah Jacqueline), Alam, T. (Tahiya), Ababneh, E. (Emad), Abd-Elsalam, S. (Sherief), Abdoun, M. (Meriem), Abidi, H. (Hassan), Abubaker Ali, H. (Hiwa), Abu-Gharbieh, E. (Eman), Adane, T. D. (Tigist Demssew), Addo, I. Y. (Isaac Yeboah), Ahmad, A. (Aqeel), Ahmad, S. (Sajjad), Ahmed Rashid, T. (Tarik), Akonde, M. (Maxwell), Al Hamad, H. (Hanadi), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Alimohamadi, Y. (Yousef), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Al-Maweri, S. A. (Sadeq Ali), Alsharif, U. (Ubai), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Anwar, S. L. (Sumadi Lukman), Anyasodor, A. E. (Anayochukwu Edward), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aravkin, A. Y. (Aleksandr Y.), Aruleba, R. T. (Raphael Taiwo), Asaad, M. (Malke), Ashraf, T. (Tahira), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Attia, S. (Sameh), Azadnajafabad, S. (Sina), Azangou-Khyavy, M. (Mohammadreza), Badar, M. (Muhammad), Baghcheghi, N. (Nayereh), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bardhan, M. (Mainak), Barqawi, H. J. (Hiba Jawdat), Bashir, N. Z. (Nasir Z.), Bashiri, A. (Azadeh), Benzian, H. (Habib), Bernabe, E. (Eduardo), Bhagat, D. S. (Devidas S.), Bhojaraja, V. S. (Vijayalakshmi S.), Bjorge, T. (Tone), Bouaoud, S. (Souad), Braithwaite, D. (Dejana), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Calina, D. (Daniela), Carreras, G. (Giulia), Chakraborty, P. A. (Promit Ananyo), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chaurasia, A. (Akhilanand), Chen, M. X. (Meng Xuan), Cho, W. C. (William C. S.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Chukwu, I. S. (Isaac Sunday), Chung, E. (Eunice), Cruz-Martins, N. (Natalia), Dadras, O. (Omid), Dai, X. (Xiaochen), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Daneshpajouhnejad, P. (Parnaz), Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R. (Reza), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Debela, S. A. (Sisay Abebe), Derbew Molla, M. (Meseret), Dessalegn, F. N. (Fikadu Nugusu), Dianati-Nasab, M. (Mostafa), Digesa, L. E. (Lankamo Ena), Dixit, S. G. (Shilpi Gupta), Dixit, A. (Abhinav), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), El Sayed, I. (Iman), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Enyew, D. B. (Daniel Berhanie), Erku, D. A. (Daniel Asfaw), Ezzeddini, R. (Rana), Fagbamigbe, A. F. (Adeniyi Francis), Falzone, L. (Luca), Fetensa, G. (Getahun), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gaewkhiew, P. (Piyada), Gallus, S. (Silvano), Gebrehiwot, M. (Mesfin), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Golechha, M. (Mahaveer), Goleij, P. (Pouya), Gomez, R. S. (Ricardo Santiago), Gorini, G. (Giuseppe), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre Luiz Sena), Gupta, B. (Bhawna), Gupta, S. (Sapna), Gupta, V. B. (Veer Bala), Gupta, V. K. (Vivek Kumar), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Halboub, E. S. (Esam S.), Halwani, R. (Rabih), Hanif, A. (Asif), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Harorani, M. (Mehdi), Hasani, H. (Hamidreza), Hassan, A. M. (Abbas M.), Hassanipour, S. (Soheil), Hassen, M. B. (Mohammed Bheser), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Hayat, K. (Khezar), Herrera-Serna, B. Y. (Brenda Yuliana), Holla, R. (Ramesh), Horita, N. (Nobuyuki), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hussain, S. (Salman), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, I. M. (Irena M.), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Isola, G. (Gaetano), Jaiswal, A. (Abhishek), Jani, C. T. (Chinmay T.), Javaheri, T. (Tahereh), Jayarajah, U. (Umesh), Jayaram, S. (Shubha), Joseph, N. (Nitin), Kadashetti, V. (Vidya), Kandaswamy, E. (Eswar), Karanth, S. D. (Shama D.), Karaye, I. M. (Ibraheem M.), Kauppila, J. H. (Joonas H.), Kaur, H. (Harkiran), Keykhaei, M. (Mohammad), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khajuria, H. (Himanshu), Khanali, J. (Javad), Khatib, M. N. (Mahalaqua Nazli), Khayat Kashani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Khazeei Tabari, M. A. (Mohammad Amin), Kim, M. S. (Min Seo), Kompani, F. (Farzad), Koohestani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kurmi, O. P. (Om P.), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Landires, I. (Ivan), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Ledda, C. (Caterina), Lee, Y. H. (Yo Han), Libra, M. (Massimo), Lim, S. S. (Stephen S.), Listl, S. (Stefan), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Mafi, A. R. (Ahmad R.), Mahumud, R. A. (Rashidul Alam), Malik, A. A. (Ahmad Azam), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Maulud, S. Q. (Sazan Qadir), Meena, J. K. (Jitendra Kumar), Mehrabi Nasab, E. (Entezar), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Mirfakhraie, R. (Reza), Misganaw, A. (Awoke), Misra, S. (Sanjeev), Mithra, P. (Prasanna), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammadi, M. (Mokhtar), Mohammadi, E. (Esmaeil), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moni, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morrison, S. D. (Shane Douglas), Mozaffari, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Mubarik, S. (Sumaira), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Nair, T. S. (Tapas Sadasivan), Narasimha Swamy, S. (Sreenivas), Narayana, A. I. (Aparna Ichalangod), Nassereldine, H. (Hasan), Natto, Z. S. (Zuhair S.), Nayak, B. P. (Biswa Prakash), Negru, S. M. (Serban Mircea), Nggada, H. A. (Haruna Asura), Nouraei, H. (Hasti), Nunez-Samudio, V. (Virginia), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Omar Bali, A. (Ahmed), Padron-Monedero, A. (Alicia), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pandey, A. (Anamika), Pardhan, S. (Shahina), Patel, J. (Jay), Pezzani, R. (Raffaele), Piracha, Z. Z. (Zahra Zahid), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radhakrishnan, V. (Venkatraman), Radhakrishnan, R. A. (Raghu Anekal), Rahmani, A. M. (Amir Masoud), Rahmanian, V. (Vahid), Rao, C. R. (Chythra R.), Rao, S. J. (Sowmya J.), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawassizadeh, R. (Reza), Razeghinia, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Rezaei, N. (Nazila), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezaei, N. (Nima), Rezapour, A. (Aziz), Riad, A. (Abanoub), Roberts, T. J. (Thomas J.), Romero-Rodriguez, E. (Esperanza), Roshandel, G. (Gholamreza), Manjula, S. (S.), Chandan, S. N. (S. N.), Saddik, B. (Basema), Saeb, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Saeed, U. (Umar), Safaei, M. (Mohsen), Sahebazzamani, M. (Maryam), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Salek Farrokhi, A. (Amir), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sekerija, M. (Mario), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Seylani, A. (Allen), Shafaat, O. (Omid), Shahsavari, H. R. (Hamid R.), Shamsoddin, E. (Erfan), Sharew, M. M. (Mequannent Melaku), Sharifi-Rad, J. (Javad), Shetty, J. K. (Jeevan K.), Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.), da Cunha, A. R. (Amanda Ramos), Compton, K. (Kelly), Xu, R. (Rixing), Mishra, R. (Rashmi), Drangsholt, M. T. (Mark Thomas), Antunes, J. L. (Jose Leopoldo Ferreira), Kerr, A. R. (Alexander R.), Acheson, A. R. (Alistair R.), Lu, D. (Dan), Wallace, L. E. (Lindsey E.), Kocarnik, J. M. (Jonathan M.), Fu, W. (Weijia), Dean, F. E. (Frances E.), Pennini, A. (Alyssa), Henrikson, H. J. (Hannah Jacqueline), Alam, T. (Tahiya), Ababneh, E. (Emad), Abd-Elsalam, S. (Sherief), Abdoun, M. (Meriem), Abidi, H. (Hassan), Abubaker Ali, H. (Hiwa), Abu-Gharbieh, E. (Eman), Adane, T. D. (Tigist Demssew), Addo, I. Y. (Isaac Yeboah), Ahmad, A. (Aqeel), Ahmad, S. (Sajjad), Ahmed Rashid, T. (Tarik), Akonde, M. (Maxwell), Al Hamad, H. (Hanadi), Alahdab, F. (Fares), Alimohamadi, Y. (Yousef), Alipour, V. (Vahid), Al-Maweri, S. A. (Sadeq Ali), Alsharif, U. (Ubai), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Anwar, S. L. (Sumadi Lukman), Anyasodor, A. E. (Anayochukwu Edward), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Aravkin, A. Y. (Aleksandr Y.), Aruleba, R. T. (Raphael Taiwo), Asaad, M. (Malke), Ashraf, T. (Tahira), Athari, S. S. (Seyyed Shamsadin), Attia, S. (Sameh), Azadnajafabad, S. (Sina), Azangou-Khyavy, M. (Mohammadreza), Badar, M. (Muhammad), Baghcheghi, N. (Nayereh), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bardhan, M. (Mainak), Barqawi, H. J. (Hiba Jawdat), Bashir, N. Z. (Nasir Z.), Bashiri, A. (Azadeh), Benzian, H. (Habib), Bernabe, E. (Eduardo), Bhagat, D. S. (Devidas S.), Bhojaraja, V. S. (Vijayalakshmi S.), Bjorge, T. (Tone), Bouaoud, S. (Souad), Braithwaite, D. (Dejana), Briko, N. I. (Nikolay Ivanovich), Calina, D. (Daniela), Carreras, G. (Giulia), Chakraborty, P. A. (Promit Ananyo), Chattu, V. K. (Vijay Kumar), Chaurasia, A. (Akhilanand), Chen, M. X. (Meng Xuan), Cho, W. C. (William C. S.), Chu, D.-T. (Dinh-Toi), Chukwu, I. S. (Isaac Sunday), Chung, E. (Eunice), Cruz-Martins, N. (Natalia), Dadras, O. (Omid), Dai, X. (Xiaochen), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Daneshpajouhnejad, P. (Parnaz), Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R. (Reza), Darwesh, A. M. (Aso Mohammad), Debela, S. A. (Sisay Abebe), Derbew Molla, M. (Meseret), Dessalegn, F. N. (Fikadu Nugusu), Dianati-Nasab, M. (Mostafa), Digesa, L. E. (Lankamo Ena), Dixit, S. G. (Shilpi Gupta), Dixit, A. (Abhinav), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), El Sayed, I. (Iman), El Tantawi, M. (Maha), Enyew, D. B. (Daniel Berhanie), Erku, D. A. (Daniel Asfaw), Ezzeddini, R. (Rana), Fagbamigbe, A. F. (Adeniyi Francis), Falzone, L. (Luca), Fetensa, G. (Getahun), Fukumoto, T. (Takeshi), Gaewkhiew, P. (Piyada), Gallus, S. (Silvano), Gebrehiwot, M. (Mesfin), Ghashghaee, A. (Ahmad), Gill, P. S. (Paramjit Singh), Golechha, M. (Mahaveer), Goleij, P. (Pouya), Gomez, R. S. (Ricardo Santiago), Gorini, G. (Giuseppe), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre Luiz Sena), Gupta, B. (Bhawna), Gupta, S. (Sapna), Gupta, V. B. (Veer Bala), Gupta, V. K. (Vivek Kumar), Haj-Mirzaian, A. (Arvin), Halboub, E. S. (Esam S.), Halwani, R. (Rabih), Hanif, A. (Asif), Hariyani, N. (Ninuk), Harorani, M. (Mehdi), Hasani, H. (Hamidreza), Hassan, A. M. (Abbas M.), Hassanipour, S. (Soheil), Hassen, M. B. (Mohammed Bheser), Hay, S. I. (Simon I.), Hayat, K. (Khezar), Herrera-Serna, B. Y. (Brenda Yuliana), Holla, R. (Ramesh), Horita, N. (Nobuyuki), Hosseinzadeh, M. (Mehdi), Hussain, S. (Salman), Ilesanmi, O. S. (Olayinka Stephen), Ilic, I. M. (Irena M.), Ilic, M. D. (Milena D.), Isola, G. (Gaetano), Jaiswal, A. (Abhishek), Jani, C. T. (Chinmay T.), Javaheri, T. (Tahereh), Jayarajah, U. (Umesh), Jayaram, S. (Shubha), Joseph, N. (Nitin), Kadashetti, V. (Vidya), Kandaswamy, E. (Eswar), Karanth, S. D. (Shama D.), Karaye, I. M. (Ibraheem M.), Kauppila, J. H. (Joonas H.), Kaur, H. (Harkiran), Keykhaei, M. (Mohammad), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khajuria, H. (Himanshu), Khanali, J. (Javad), Khatib, M. N. (Mahalaqua Nazli), Khayat Kashani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Khazeei Tabari, M. A. (Mohammad Amin), Kim, M. S. (Min Seo), Kompani, F. (Farzad), Koohestani, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Kumar, G. A. (G. Anil), Kurmi, O. P. (Om P.), La Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lal, D. K. (Dharmesh Kumar), Landires, I. (Ivan), Lasrado, S. (Savita), Ledda, C. (Caterina), Lee, Y. H. (Yo Han), Libra, M. (Massimo), Lim, S. S. (Stephen S.), Listl, S. (Stefan), Lopukhov, P. D. (Platon D.), Mafi, A. R. (Ahmad R.), Mahumud, R. A. (Rashidul Alam), Malik, A. A. (Ahmad Azam), Mathur, M. R. (Manu Raj), Maulud, S. Q. (Sazan Qadir), Meena, J. K. (Jitendra Kumar), Mehrabi Nasab, E. (Entezar), Mestrovic, T. (Tomislav), Mirfakhraie, R. (Reza), Misganaw, A. (Awoke), Misra, S. (Sanjeev), Mithra, P. (Prasanna), Mohammad, Y. (Yousef), Mohammadi, M. (Mokhtar), Mohammadi, E. (Esmaeil), Mokdad, A. H. (Ali H.), Moni, M. A. (Mohammad Ali), Moraga, P. (Paula), Morrison, S. D. (Shane Douglas), Mozaffari, H. R. (Hamid Reza), Mubarik, S. (Sumaira), Murray, C. J. (Christopher J. L.), Nair, T. S. (Tapas Sadasivan), Narasimha Swamy, S. (Sreenivas), Narayana, A. I. (Aparna Ichalangod), Nassereldine, H. (Hasan), Natto, Z. S. (Zuhair S.), Nayak, B. P. (Biswa Prakash), Negru, S. M. (Serban Mircea), Nggada, H. A. (Haruna Asura), Nouraei, H. (Hasti), Nunez-Samudio, V. (Virginia), Oancea, B. (Bogdan), Olagunju, A. T. (Andrew T.), Omar Bali, A. (Ahmed), Padron-Monedero, A. (Alicia), Padubidri, J. R. (Jagadish Rao), Pandey, A. (Anamika), Pardhan, S. (Shahina), Patel, J. (Jay), Pezzani, R. (Raffaele), Piracha, Z. Z. (Zahra Zahid), Rabiee, N. (Navid), Radhakrishnan, V. (Venkatraman), Radhakrishnan, R. A. (Raghu Anekal), Rahmani, A. M. (Amir Masoud), Rahmanian, V. (Vahid), Rao, C. R. (Chythra R.), Rao, S. J. (Sowmya J.), Rath, G. K. (Goura Kishor), Rawaf, D. L. (David Laith), Rawaf, S. (Salman), Rawassizadeh, R. (Reza), Razeghinia, M. S. (Mohammad Sadegh), Rezaei, N. (Nazila), Rezaei, N. (Negar), Rezaei, N. (Nima), Rezapour, A. (Aziz), Riad, A. (Abanoub), Roberts, T. J. (Thomas J.), Romero-Rodriguez, E. (Esperanza), Roshandel, G. (Gholamreza), Manjula, S. (S.), Chandan, S. N. (S. N.), Saddik, B. (Basema), Saeb, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Saeed, U. (Umar), Safaei, M. (Mohsen), Sahebazzamani, M. (Maryam), Sahebkar, A. (Amirhossein), Salek Farrokhi, A. (Amir), Samy, A. M. (Abdallah M.), Santric-Milicevic, M. M. (Milena M.), Sathian, B. (Brijesh), Satpathy, M. (Maheswar), Sekerija, M. (Mario), Senthilkumaran, S. (Subramanian), Seylani, A. (Allen), Shafaat, O. (Omid), Shahsavari, H. R. (Hamid R.), Shamsoddin, E. (Erfan), Sharew, M. M. (Mequannent Melaku), Sharifi-Rad, J. (Javad), Shetty, J. K. (Jeevan K.), and Shivakumar, K. M. (K. M.)
- Abstract
Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000–401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000–217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000‐180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000–126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0‐6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9‐3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%‐62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%‐21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%‐48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%‐46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the
- Published
- 2023
3. Weather based forewarning models for Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) population in Rice using Poisson Regression, Zero Inflated Poisson Regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
- Author
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K. Gurucharan1,* , P. Lavanya Kumari2, SK. Nafeez Umar3, E.S.V. Narayana Rao4, I. Paramashiva5 And P.N. Harathi6 1,2,3Department Of Statistics And Computer Applications, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati 4Department Of Statistics And Computer Applications, Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Mahanandi 5Divison Of Entomology, Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Nellore. 6Divison Of Entomology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati. Gurucharan6913@Gmail.Com
- Subjects
Rice Yellow Stem Borer, weather parameters, Poisson Regression, ZIP ,ANNX - Abstract
The Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is one of themost dangerous pests amongst the insect pests in rice cultivation. So that on- time prediction of this pest would be a valuable tool in pest management. Secondary data of Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) population by light trap catches were collected for the period of 12 years from 2009 to 2020 along with weather data viz.,maximum temperature (MAXT), minimum temperature (MINT), rainfall (RF), morning relative humidity (RHM), evening relative humidity (RHE) and sunshine hours (SSH). Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) wise cumulative catches of YSB and weekly averages of weather parameters are considered in this study. Poisson Regression for count time series data (PRCX), Zero inflated Poisson Regression (ZIP) and Artificial Neural Network with exogenous variable (ANNX) models are built using R Software (R core team 2018) to study the pattern of pest with respect to weather. The results explored that the ANNX model outperformed Poisson Regression for count time series data with exogenous variable and ZIP Regression with exogenous variable models in the prediction of Yellow Stem Borer populations in both training and testing data sets. Moreover, the Diebold–Mariano (DM) test confirmed the significant superiority of the ANNX model over Poisson Regression and ZIPmodels in predicting Yellow Stem Borer population. This will be useful in providing forewarning advisory services to the farming community that greatly contributes to implementation of sustainable pest management strategies to mitigate the yield loss in Rice due to YSB infestation.
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- 2022
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4. Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Haakenstad, A, Yearwood, J, Fullman, N, Bintz, C, Bienhoff, K, Weaver, M, Nandakumar, V, Joffe, J, Legrand, K, Knight, M, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abeldano Zuniga, R, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aji, B, Akande-Sholabi, W, Alam, K, Al Hamad, H, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Ameyaw, E, Amin, T, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrade, P, Anjum, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ariffin, H, Arulappan, J, Aryan, Z, Ashraf, T, Atnafu, D, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, S, Baliga, S, Banik, P, Barnighausen, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Belete, R, Bell, A, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, N, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Bolarinwa, O, Bonny, A, Brenner, H, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Butt, N, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Cardenas, R, Carneiro, V, Catala-Lopez, F, Chandan, J, Charan, J, Chavan, P, Chen, S, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chowdhury, M, Cirillo, M, Corso, B, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dangel, W, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Deuba, K, Dhimal, M, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doshmangir, L, Duncan, B, Effiong, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Erku, D, Eskandarieh, S, Fares, J, Farzadfar, F, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, P, Gaihre, S, Gardner, W, Garg, T, Getachew Obsa, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Guadamuz, J, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hamiduzzaman, M, Hanif, A, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, M, Heidari, G, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hossain, S, Hossain, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoveidamanesh, S, Hsieh, V, Hu, G, Huang, J, Huda, M, Ifeagwu, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Islam, R, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, R, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, M, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamenov, K, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karanikolos, M, Katikireddi, S, Kavetskyy, T, Kawakami, N, Kayode, G, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khezeli, M, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Klymchuk, V, Koly, K, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Li, S, Lucchetti, G, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Malta, D, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez-Valle, A, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maude, R, Maulik, P, Mckee, M, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moitra, M, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moradi, G, Moreira, R, Mosser, J, Mostafavi, E, Mouodi, S, Nagarajan, A, Nagata, C, Naghavi, M, Nangia, V, Narasimha Swamy, S, Narayana, A, Nascimento, B, Nassereldine, H, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Nepal, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, C, Ningrum, D, Noubiap, J, Oancea, B, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Onwujekwe, O, Otoiu, A, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Pasupula, D, Pathak, P, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Pilania, M, Piroozi, B, Podder, V, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Prada, S, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radhakrishnan, R, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ripon, R, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahu, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shokri, A, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sousa, R, Stephens, J, Sun, J, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tamiru, A, Thankappan, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, N, Tripathy, J, Troeger, C, Uezono, D, Ullah, S, Ullah, A, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasic, M, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wiangkham, T, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yi, S, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Lim, S, Murray, C, Lozano, R, Haakenstad A., Yearwood J. A., Fullman N., Bintz C., Bienhoff K., Weaver M. R., Nandakumar V., Joffe J. N., LeGrand K. E., Knight M., Abbafati C., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdoli A., Abeldano Zuniga R. A., Adedeji I. A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed A., Ahmed Rashid T., Aji B., Akande-Sholabi W., Alam K., Al Hamad H., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Ameyaw E. K., Amin T. T., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Andrade P. P., Anjum A., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Ariffin H., Arulappan J., Aryan Z., Ashraf T., Atnafu D. D., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Ayano G., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Badiye A. D., Baig A. A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S. M., Baliga S., Banik P. C., Barnighausen T. W., Barra F., Barrow A., Basu S., Bayati M., Belete R., Bell A. W., Bhagat D. S., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhardwaj N., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z. A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Bolarinwa O. A., Bonny A., Brenner H., Buonsenso D., Burkart K., Busse R., Butt Z. A., Butt N. S., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L. A., Cardenas R., Carneiro V. L. A., Catala-Lopez F., Chandan J. S., Charan J., Chavan P. P., Chen S., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Chowdhury M. A. K., Cirillo M., Corso B., Dadras O., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dangel W. J., Davila-Cervantes C. A., Davletov K., Deuba K., Dhimal M., Dhimal M. L., Djalalinia S., Do H. P., Doshmangir L., Duncan B. B., Effiong A., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., Erku D. A., Eskandarieh S., Fares J., Farzadfar F., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Fischer F., Foigt N. A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P. A., Gaihre S., Gardner W. M., Garg T., Getachew Obsa A., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Goharinezhad S., Golechha M., Guadamuz J. S., Guo Y., Gupta R. D., Gupta R., Gupta V. K., Gupta V. B., Hamiduzzaman M., Hanif A., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan M. M., Hasan M. T., Hashi A., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari M., Heidari G., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hossain S., Hossain S. J., Hossain M. B. H., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hoveidamanesh S., Hsieh V. C. -R., Hu G., Huang J., Huda M. M., Ifeagwu S. C., Ikuta K. S., Ilesanmi O. S., Irvani S. S. N., Islam R. M., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Iso H., Isola G., Itumalla R., Iwagami M., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jain R., Jakovljevic M., Janodia M. D., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Joo T., Joseph N., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kamath A. M., Kamenov K., Kandel H., Kantar R. S., Kapoor N., Karanikolos M., Katikireddi S. V., Kavetskyy T., Kawakami N., Kayode G. A., Keikavoosi-Arani L., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan M. N., Khan M. A., Khan M., Khezeli M., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa S., Kisa A., Klymchuk V., Koly K. N., Korzh O., Kosen S., Koul P. A., Kuate Defo B., Kumar G. A., Kusuma D., Kyu H. H., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Lee C. B., Li S., Lucchetti G., Mahajan P. B., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Malta D. C., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martinez-Valle A., Martins-Melo F. R., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur M. R., Maude R. J., Maulik P. K., McKee M., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mensah G. A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Michalek I. M., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misganaw A., Misra S., Moazen B., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moitra M., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Moradi G., Moreira R. S., Mosser J. F., Mostafavi E., Mouodi S., Nagarajan A. J., Nagata C., Naghavi M., Nangia V., Narasimha Swamy S., Narayana A. I., Nascimento B. R., Nassereldine H., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Nepal S., Neupane Kandel S., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen H. L. T., Nguyen C. T., Ningrum D. N. A., Noubiap J. J., Oancea B., Oghenetega O. B., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Onwujekwe O. E., Otoiu A., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pardhan S., Pasupula D. K., Pathak P. K., Patton G. C., Pawar S., Pereira J., Pilania M., Piroozi B., Podder V., Pokhrel K. N., Postma M. J., Prada S. I., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee N., Radhakrishnan R. A., Rahman M. M., Rahman M., Rahman M. H. U., Rahmani A. M., Ranabhat C. L., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rasella D., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Renzaho A. M. N., Reshmi B., Resnikoff S., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ripon R. K., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahiledengle B., Sahoo H., Sahu M., Salama J. S., Salamati P., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Schmidt M. I., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shaikh M. A., Sheikh A., Shetty A., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shivakumar K. M., Shokri A., Singh J. A., Sinha D. N., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Sousa R. A. R. C., Stephens J. H., Sun J., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadbiri H., Tamiru A. T., Thankappan K. R., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tran M. T. N., Tran B. X., Tripathi N., Tripathy J. P., Troeger C. E., Uezono D. R., Ullah S., Ullah A., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vasic M., Veroux M., Vervoort D., Violante F. S., Vladimirov S. K., Vlassov V., Vo B., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wang Y. -P., Wang Y., Ward P., Wiangkham T., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yi S., Yigit V., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaman S. B., Zastrozhin M. S., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zuniga Y. M. H., Lim S. S., Murray C. J. L., Lozano R., Haakenstad, A, Yearwood, J, Fullman, N, Bintz, C, Bienhoff, K, Weaver, M, Nandakumar, V, Joffe, J, Legrand, K, Knight, M, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abeldano Zuniga, R, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aji, B, Akande-Sholabi, W, Alam, K, Al Hamad, H, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Ameyaw, E, Amin, T, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrade, P, Anjum, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ariffin, H, Arulappan, J, Aryan, Z, Ashraf, T, Atnafu, D, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, S, Baliga, S, Banik, P, Barnighausen, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Belete, R, Bell, A, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, N, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Bolarinwa, O, Bonny, A, Brenner, H, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Butt, N, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Cardenas, R, Carneiro, V, Catala-Lopez, F, Chandan, J, Charan, J, Chavan, P, Chen, S, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chowdhury, M, Cirillo, M, Corso, B, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dangel, W, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, Deuba, K, Dhimal, M, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doshmangir, L, Duncan, B, Effiong, A, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Erku, D, Eskandarieh, S, Fares, J, Farzadfar, F, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, P, Gaihre, S, Gardner, W, Garg, T, Getachew Obsa, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Guadamuz, J, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hamiduzzaman, M, Hanif, A, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, M, Heidari, G, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hossain, S, Hossain, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hoveidamanesh, S, Hsieh, V, Hu, G, Huang, J, Huda, M, Ifeagwu, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Islam, R, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, R, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, M, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamenov, K, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karanikolos, M, Katikireddi, S, Kavetskyy, T, Kawakami, N, Kayode, G, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khezeli, M, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Klymchuk, V, Koly, K, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Li, S, Lucchetti, G, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Malta, D, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez-Valle, A, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maude, R, Maulik, P, Mckee, M, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moitra, M, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moradi, G, Moreira, R, Mosser, J, Mostafavi, E, Mouodi, S, Nagarajan, A, Nagata, C, Naghavi, M, Nangia, V, Narasimha Swamy, S, Narayana, A, Nascimento, B, Nassereldine, H, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Nepal, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, C, Ningrum, D, Noubiap, J, Oancea, B, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Onwujekwe, O, Otoiu, A, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Pasupula, D, Pathak, P, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Pilania, M, Piroozi, B, Podder, V, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Prada, S, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radhakrishnan, R, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ripon, R, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahu, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shokri, A, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sousa, R, Stephens, J, Sun, J, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tamiru, A, Thankappan, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, N, Tripathy, J, Troeger, C, Uezono, D, Ullah, S, Ullah, A, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasic, M, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wiangkham, T, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yi, S, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Lim, S, Murray, C, Lozano, R, Haakenstad A., Yearwood J. A., Fullman N., Bintz C., Bienhoff K., Weaver M. R., Nandakumar V., Joffe J. N., LeGrand K. E., Knight M., Abbafati C., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdoli A., Abeldano Zuniga R. A., Adedeji I. A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed A., Ahmed Rashid T., Aji B., Akande-Sholabi W., Alam K., Al Hamad H., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Ameyaw E. K., Amin T. T., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Andrade P. P., Anjum A., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Ariffin H., Arulappan J., Aryan Z., Ashraf T., Atnafu D. D., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Ayano G., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Badiye A. D., Baig A. A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S. M., Baliga S., Banik P. C., Barnighausen T. W., Barra F., Barrow A., Basu S., Bayati M., Belete R., Bell A. W., Bhagat D. S., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj P., Bhardwaj N., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z. 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- Abstract
Background: Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0–74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0–14 years), working (ages 15–64 years), and post-working (ages 65–74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings: Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9–21·3), as well as among the young (22·5, 19·9–24·7), working (17·2, 15·2–19·1), and post-working (15·1, 13·2–17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6–33·0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4–84·3) on average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4–89·0), working (33·8–82·8), and post-working (30·4–79·1) g
- Published
- 2022
5. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefian F., Yu C., Yu Y., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki N., Zaman B. A., Zangiabadian M., Zare F., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeineddine M. A., Zhang D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhou L., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Vos T., Hay S. I., Force L. M., Murray C. J. 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Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, F, Ameyaw, E, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amirzade-Iranaq, M, Amu, H, Amusa, G, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, J, Animut, Y, Anoushiravani, A, Anoushirvani, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansha, M, Antony, B, Antwi, M, Anwar, S, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Argaw, A, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Aryannejad, A, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, M, Asemi, Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Assadi, R, Athar, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awedew, A, Awoke, M, Awoke, T, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayana, T, Ayen, S, Azadi, D, Azadnajafabad, S, Azami-Aghdash, S, Azanaw, M, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azizi, H, Azzam, A, Babajani, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Bakhtiari, A, Bakshi, R, Banach, M, Banerjee, I, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Bashir, N, Bashiri, A, Basu, S, Batiha, A, Begum, A, 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A., Khanali J., Khatab K., Khatatbeh M. M., Khatib M. N., Khayamzadeh M., Khayat Kashani H. R., Khazeei Tabari M. A., Khezeli M., Khodadost M., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Klugar M., Klugarova J., Kolahi A. -A., Kolkhir P., Kompani F., Koul P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy Y., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kulimbet M., Kumar A., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kuttikkattu A., La Vecchia C., Lahiri A., Lal D. K., Lam J., Lan Q., Landires I., Larijani B., Lasrado S., Lau J., Lauriola P., Ledda C., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. Y., Lee Y. H., Legesse S. M., Leigh J., Leong E., Li M. -C., Lim S. S., Liu G., Liu J., Lo C. -H., Lohiya A., Lopukhov P. D., Lorenzovici L., Lotfi M., Loureiro J. A., Lunevicius R., Madadizadeh F., Mafi A. R., Magdeldin S., Mahjoub S., Mahmoodpoor A., Mahmoudi M., Mahmoudimanesh M., Mahumud R. A., Majeed A., Majidpoor J., Makki A., Makris K. 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Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefian F., Yu C., Yu Y., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki N., Zaman B. A., Zangiabadian M., Zare F., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeineddine M. A., Zhang D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhou L., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Vos T., Hay S. I., Force L. M., and Murray C. J. L.
- Abstract
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [2
- Published
- 2022
6. Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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M, Kim, Y, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Klymchuk, V, Koly, K, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Li, S, Lucchetti, G, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Malta, D, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martinez-Valle, A, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maude, R, Maulik, P, Mckee, M, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moitra, M, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moradi, G, Moreira, R, Mosser, J, Mostafavi, E, Mouodi, S, Nagarajan, A, Nagata, C, Naghavi, M, Nangia, V, Narasimha Swamy, S, Narayana, A, Nascimento, B, Nassereldine, H, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Nepal, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, C, Ningrum, D, Noubiap, J, Oancea, B, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Onwujekwe, O, Otoiu, A, Padubidri, J, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pardhan, S, Pasupula, D, Pathak, P, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Pereira, J, Pilania, M, Piroozi, B, Podder, V, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Prada, S, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, N, Radhakrishnan, R, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ripon, R, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahiledengle, B, Sahoo, H, Sahu, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shaikh, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shivakumar, K, Shokri, A, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sousa, R, Stephens, J, Sun, J, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tadbiri, H, Tamiru, A, Thankappan, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, N, Tripathy, J, Troeger, C, Uezono, D, Ullah, S, Ullah, A, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vasic, M, Veroux, M, Vervoort, D, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wiangkham, T, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yi, S, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, S, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Lim, S, Murray, C, Lozano, R, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Kuwait University (Kuwait), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, University of Aberdeen (Reino Unido), Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungria), National Records of Scotland (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Scottish Government (Reino Unido), Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University (Bangladesh), Xiamen University Malaysia (Malasia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Ministero della Salute (Italia), Fondazione IRCCS. Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, King College London, IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), Edwards Lifesciences Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa (España), Government of Catalonia (España), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Pakistán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - CIBERSAM (Salud Mental), INCLIVA Health Research Institute (España), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Australian Government, and Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Population ,Global Health ,Health Services Accessibility ,Global Burden of Disease ,Health system quality ,Young Adult ,Nations ,Health systems ,health care access ,Risk Factors ,Quality-Adjusted Life Year ,Humans ,Child ,Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ,Health-care access ,Aged ,Quality of Health Care ,quality ,performance ,The Healthcare Access and Quality Index ,Risk Factor ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,eu-repo/semantics/review [info] ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,General Medicine ,Health-care quality ,Middle Aged ,3141 Health care science ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Indicator ,Medical-care ,Child, Preschool ,Deaths ,Amenable mortality ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Age groups ,Trends ,Human - Abstract
Background: Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings: Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9-21·3), as well as among the young (22·5, 19·9-24·7), working (17·2, 15·2-19·1), and post-working (15·1, 13·2-17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6-33·0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4-84·3) on average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4-89·0), working (33·8-82·8), and post-working (30·4-79·1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation: Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. O Adetokunboh acknowledges support from Department of Science and Innovation and National Research Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the institutional support of King Edward Medical University. S Aljunid acknowledges Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Health Science Centre, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu also acknowledges partial support by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. B Bikbov acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 703226. Institute of Applied Health Sciences; School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland. The salary for N Ghith is covered by a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). V B Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia. T Joo acknowledges support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary under grant RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006 (Data-driven Health Division of Health Security National Laboratory). S Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Y J Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. G Lucchetti is a grantee of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Research Productivity - Level 1D. L Mantovani acknowledges support by Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente - IRCCS Multimedica. M Molokhia acknowledges support by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health on project Ricerca Corrente 34/2017 and payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. R Moreira acknowledges the CNPQ productivity grant (316607/2021-5). B R Nascimento is partially supported by CNPq (Research Productivity Grant, 312382/2019-7), the Edwards Lifesciences Foundation (Improving the prevention and detection of Heart Valve disease across the Lifespan, 2021), and FAPEMIG (grant APQ-000627-20). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India for their constant support in conducting research. D Rasella reports financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and State Research Agency through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023 programme (CEX2018-000806-S), and financial support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya programme. U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. U Saeed would like to acknowledge Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for supporting research activities. R T-S is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBERSAM, INCLIVA (PID2021-129099OB-I00). D Vervoort is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. S B Zaman acknowledges receiving a scholarship from the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) in support of his academic career. Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of The Republic of Serbia. This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1152504. Under the grant conditions of the Foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission. Sí
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- 2022
7. TEMPORARY CONTRACEPTION PRACTICES AMONG ELIGIBLE COUPLES IN A RURAL AREA OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT , A. P
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Ravi Prabhu G, Gopi Krishna B, and Lakshmi Narayana Reddy I
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lcsh:R5-130.5 ,business.industry ,S pacing methods ,Medicine ,Temporary contraception ,Rural area ,Socioeconomics ,business ,E ligible couples ,A wareness ,lcsh:General works - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Family welfare services prevent one third of all maternal deaths by allowing women to delay motherhood, space births, avoid unintended pregnancies & unsafe abortions and stop child bearing when they have reached their desired family size. However, national - level surveys show that the adoption of contraceptive methods for spacing has remained low in India. In this context, this present study was conducted to find out the awareness and practice of temporary contraceptive methods among the eligible couples and its association with certain socio - demographic factors. MATERIAL & METHODS : This present study is a cross sectional analytical study carried out in the Pakala Primary Health Centre (PHC) in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh among 6 , 206 eligible couples during January to June 2015. The findings were analysed using Epiinfo software 7 version (CDC, Atlanta, USA). RESULTS : The awareness regarding oral contraceptive pills (56.4%) and i ntrauterine devices (50.0) was found to be relatively higher compared to other methods and least with injectable contraceptives (6.8%). The oral contraceptive pill was found to be the most preferred method of contraception (5.7%) followed by intrauterine d evices (4.4%) while condom usage was the least preferred method (1.9%). The health worker was the most common person providing motivation for family planning (65.0%) followed by friends and neighbours (25.9%). Overall, the temporary contraceptive usage was found to be 12.0%. The adoption was found to be significantly higher in 31 & above years (13.0%), business occupation of husband (15.2%), Hindus (12.6%) and backward classes (13.1%). CONCLUSIONS : In depth studies are required to explore the reasons behind non - adoption of spacing methods of contraception in order to promote contraception and reduce fertility
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- 2015
8. Recreating an Esthetically and Functionally Acceptable Dentition: A Multidisciplinary Approach.
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Goyal, Mukesh Kumar, Goyal, Shelly, Hegde, Veena, Balkrishana, Dhanasekar, and Narayana, Aparna I.
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COSMETIC dentistry ,DENTURES ,ENDODONTICS ,DENTAL fillings ,HEALTH care teams ,PERIODONTICS - Abstract
Patients today demand a youthful, attractive smile with comfortable functional acceptance. The complete oral rehabilitation of patients with a functionally compromised dentition frequently involves a multidisciplinary approach and presents a considerable clinical challenge. To a great extent, proper patient selection and careful interdisciplinary treatment planning, including acknowledgment of the patient's perceived needs, reasons for seeking services, financial ability, and socioeconomic profile, can govern the predictability of successful restorations. This clinical report describes a successful interdisciplinary approach for the management of a severely worn dentition with reduced vertical dimension of occlusion. Treatment modalities included periodontal crown lengthening procedures, endodontic treatment followed by post and core restorations, and prosthetic rehabilitation for severe tooth surface loss and reduced vertical dimension of occlusion comprising metal-ceramic restorations in esthetic zones and full-metal restorations in posterior regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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9. Mastication as a tool to prevent cognitive dysfunctions
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Krishnamoorthy, Gayathri, primary, Narayana, Aparna I., additional, and Balkrishanan, Dhanasekar, additional
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- 2018
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10. PRACTICAL GUIDELINES OF ANAESTHESIA E . C . T
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Ramana Prasad J and Lakshmi Narayana Reddy I
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ECT Stimulus ,business.industry ,lcsh:R5-130.5 ,Anesthesia ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Isolated arm technique ,business ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Seizure ,Electrical Paddles ,lcsh:General works - Abstract
Psychiatric conditions were treated by induced seizures in earlier times. Pigs were given shock before being butchered to put them in anesthetized sate. In 1940 ECT was given in unmodified form without muscle relaxants. The use of muscle relaxants to modify the convulsions is modified ECT. Complications of unmodified ECT, Fracture and dislocat ion of long bones. MECHANISM OF ACTION: Aim of ECT is to induce a therapeutic Clonic seizure lasting for at least 15 seconds. The exact mechanism of action is elusive. ECT may “J ump start” the brain helping boost the neuro transmission
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- 2015
11. To study the effect of Cocos nucifera oil when incorporated into tissue conditioner on its tensile strength and antifungal activity: An in vitro study.
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Krishnamoorthy, Gayathri, Narayana, Aparna I., Peralam, Prakash Yegneswaran, and Balkrishanan, Dhanasekar
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COCONUT palm ,TENSILE strength ,TEA tree oil ,TENSILE tests ,ANTIFUNGAL agents - Abstract
Aim: This study aims to test the tensile strength and growth of Candida albicans on Viscogel tissue conditioner when incorporated with coconut oil (CCO) and to compare its efficacy with other antifungal agents. Settings and Design: Evaluative - In-vitro study design. Materials and Methods: Fifty dumbbell-shaped samples (n = 10) of Viscogel tissue conditioner were fabricated according to ASTM standard and were classified into 5 groups (10% CCO, 30% w/w tea tree oil, 5% w/w fluconazole, 0.03% w/w silver nanoparticles, and plain tissue conditioner). These samples were compared and evaluated for their tensile strength. Further to test the antifungal activity, a total of 60 samples (n = 15) were fabricated, each group (n = 15) was further divided into three subgroups (n = 5), namely 24-h, 3-day, and 5-day period, which were inoculated in sabouraud dextrose agar plate to test for the growth of C. albicans. Statistical Analysis Used: Oneway ANOVA and post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results: 10% w/w CCO yielded a mean tensile strength of 20.06 as compared to the plain tissue conditioner which showed a mean tensile strength of 17.81. Similarly, 10% w/w CCO incorporated into Viscogel tissue conditioner showed a significant reduction in the colonization of C. albicans on the 5th day. Conclusions: 10% w/w of CCO when mixed with Viscogel tissue conditioner showed a significant reduction in the growth of C. albicans, and addition of the same increased the tensile strength of the tissue conditioner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2050
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Junaid Khan, Blake Angell, Marcel Ausloos, Catherine M. Antony, Elham Ehsani-Chimeh, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kewal Krishan, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero, Simona Cătălina Ştefan, Tanuj Kanchan, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Mohamed I Hegazy, Richard James Maude, Salman Rawaf, Viktória Szerencsés, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Martin McKee, Reza Rawassizadeh, Anton C Harle, Neda Milevska Kostova, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Saravanan Muthupandian, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Hassan Abolhassani, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Atta Abbas Naqvi, John Dube, Habib Benzian, Cristiano Piccinelli, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Mohammad Khammarnia, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Tanvir M. Huda, Fakher Rahim, Modhurima Moitra, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Emily Joy Callander, David Laith Rawaf, Saeed Shahabi, Mohsen Bayati, Raffaele Palladino, Shahin Soltani, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Rafael Lozano, Himal Kandel, João Vasco Santos, MA Garcia-Gordillo, Savita Lasrado, Alexey V Breusov, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohamed, Reinhard Busse, Veer Bala Gupta, Ionut Negoi, Xiaochen Dai, Eun-Cheol Park, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Annie Haakenstad, Asadollah Gholamian, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ismaeel Yunusa, Hubert Amu, G. K. Mini, Francesco Saverio Violante, Michael Abdelmasseh, Yun Jin Kim, Yousef Moradi, Nataliya Foigt, Afshin Maleki, Pavanchand H Shetty, Mesfin Agachew Woldekidan, Ramesh Holla, Mina Anjomshoa, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Azeem Majeed, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Avirup Guha, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Alessandro Arrigo, Neda Kianipour, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mosiur Rahman, Tomas Y Ferede, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Alaa Makki, Joseph L Dieleman, Shuhei Nomura, Kanwar Hamza Shuja, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Souranshu Chatterjee, Yonas Akalu, Hanadi Al Hamad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Hayley N Stutzman, Getinet Ayano, Atte Meretoja, Fahad Alanezi, Aravind Thavamani, Sonu Bhaskar, Claudiu Herteliu, Andreea Mirica, Masood Ali Shaikh, Soewarta Kosen, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Ferrán Catalá-López, Samath D Dharmaratne, Stany W. Lobo, Alemayehu Hailu, Sebastian Vollmer, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Lalit Dandona, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Sezer Kisa, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Nasir Umar, Adrian Otoiu, Yonas Getaye Tefera, Harapan Harapan, Ivo Iavicoli, Jakub Morze, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Ian E Cogswell, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sadia Bibi, Stefan Kohler, Florian Fischer, Jagdish Khubchandani, Justice Nonvignon, Salah Eddin Karimi, Yousef Khader, Jan-Walter De Neve, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Tommi Vasankari, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Khezar Hayat, Chythra R Rao, Priya Rathi, Asma Tahir Awan, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Salime Goharinezhad, Ai Koyanagi, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Angela E Micah, Rakhi Dandona, Jaykaran Charan, Lorainne Tudor Car, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Kenji Shibuya, Aziz Sheikh, B Reshmi, Rovshan Khalilov, Haroon Ahmed, Andrea Werdecker, Alberto Freitas, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Vasily Vlassov, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Gyu Ri Kim, Ana Laura Manda, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Obinna Onwujekwe, Van C. Lansingh, Miklós Szócska, Gelin Xu, Ted R. Miller, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Till Bärnighausen, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Bernhard T. Baune, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Juan Sanabria, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Stefano Olgiati, Navid Rabiee, Mark G. Shrime, Mayowa O. Owolabi, V. E. Nwatah, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Ranil Jayawardena, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Aparna Ichalangod Narayana, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Atif Amin Baig, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Ali Bijani, Arash Ziapour, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Francesco Sanmarchi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Allen Seylani, Theo Vos, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Delia Hendrie, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Manthan D Janodia, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Sorin Hostiuc, Marjan Ajami, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Muhammad Aqeel, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Rawlance Ndejjo, Maarten J. Postma, Luis Camera, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Adnan Kisa, Tahira Ashraf, Tudorel Andrei, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Virginia Bodolica, Chuanhua Yu, Moses K. Muriithi, Pascual R. Valdez, Paul S. F. Yip, Demetris Lamnisos, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Hamed Zandian, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Yeong Yeh Lee, Sana Salehi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Kyle E. Simpson, Sami Almustanyir Almustanyir, Bogdan Oancea, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Omid Dadras, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Turki Alanzi, Mahaveer Golechha, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Shoaib Hassan, Rahul R. Zende, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Adam E. Berman, Long Khanh Dao Le, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Adithi Shetty, Getinet Kassahun, Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw, Usha Ram, Linh Gia Vu, Emilie R Maddison, Yosef Alemayehu, Ali H. Mokdad, Tomislav Mestrovic, Mavra A Riaz, Muhammad Naveed, Koustuv Dalal, Syed Amir Gilani, Reza Malekzadeh, Nikha Bhardwaj, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Rohollah Kalhor, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Amadou Barrow, Christopher J L Murray, Budi Aji, Maitreyi Sahu, Sara D Friedman, Konrad Pesudovs, Robert Reiner, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Mustafa Z. Younis, Aidin Abedi, Sanjay Basu, Nancy Fullman, Darrah McCracken, Rajasekaran Koteeswaran, Falk Schwendicke, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Mohamed H Hassanein, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Javad Nazari, Khurshid Alam, Bulat Idrisov, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Golnaz Heidari, Asif Hanif, Ghozali Ghozali, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Leila Doshmangir, Simiao Chen, Maha El Tantawi, Stephen S Lim, Bay Vo, Deepak Saxena, Jasvinder A. Singh, Robert Ancuceanu, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Kamal Hezam, Andrew T Olagunju, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Lindsey E Wallace, Dejana Braithwaite, Sergio I. Prada, Adolfo Martinez-Valle, Brandon Cunningham, Vivek Gupta, Joseph Salama, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Bing-Fang Hwang, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Tamás Joó, Cristiana Abbafati, Behzad Karami Matin, Tushar Garg, Cyrus Alinia, Yingxi Zhao, Richard G. Wamai, Satoshi Ezoe, Anders Larsson, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Maciej Banach, Billingsley Kaambwa, Nader Jahanmehr, Saeed Amini, Foluke Adetola Ojelabi, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Samer Hamidi, Gaetano Isola, Tahereh Javaheri, Gbenga A. Kayode, Nikita Otstavnov, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, David M. Pereira, Mansour Ghafourifard, Saira Afzal, Ravi Prakash Jha, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Vahit Yigit, Farshad Farzadfar, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Shafiu Mohammed, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Nastaran Barati, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Mohamed M. Gad, Mikk Jürisson, Himanshu Khajuria, Anas M. Saad, Mohammad Rabiee, Abdallah M. Samy, Srinivas Goli, Roman Topor-Madry, Golsum Tsakalos, Mariam Molokhia, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Mohammad Ali Moni, E S Abhilash, Timur Aripov, Sepideh Ahmadi, Mehdi Sayyah, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Peter Andras Gaal, Babayemi O Olakunde, Brijesh Sathian, Anayat Ullah, Ritesh G. Menezes, Samad Azari, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sanni Yaya, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Jalal Arabloo, Saif Ullah, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Bahram Mohajer, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Vinay Nangia, Shrikant Pawar, Moslem Soofi, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Simon I. Hay, Miloje Savic, 2. Global Burden of Disease 2020 Health Financing Collaborator Network, Cicero AFG, Network, Global Burden of Disease 2020 Health Financing Collaborator, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Micah, A. E., Cogswell, I. E., Cunningham, B., Ezoe, S., Harle, A. C., Maddison, E. R., Mccracken, D., Nomura, S., Simpson, K. E., Stutzman, H. N., Tsakalos, G., Wallace, L. E., Zhao, Y., Zende, R. R., Abbafati, C., Abdelmasseh, M., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K. H., Abhilash, E. S., Abolhassani, H., Abrigo, M. R. M., Adhikari, T. B., Afzal, S., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmadi, S., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M. B., Ahmed Rashid, T., Ajami, M., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akunna, C. J., Al Hamad, H., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alemayehu, Y., Alhassan, R. K., Alinia, C., Aljunid, S. M., Almustanyir, S. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amu, H., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C. L., Andrei, T., Angell, B., Anjomshoa, M., Antonio, C. A. T., Antony, C. M., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Arrigo, A., Ashraf, T., Atnafu, D. D., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Awan, A. T., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azari, S., Azhar, G. S., Babalola, T. K., Bahrami, M. A., Baig, A. A., Banach, M., Barati, N., Barnighausen, T. W., Barrow, A., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Benzian, H., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhaskar, S., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Bodolica, V., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Breusov, A. V., Briko, N. I., Busse, R., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Callander, E. J., Camera, L. A., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Catala-Lopez, F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S. K., Chattu, V. K., Chen, S., Cicero, A. F. G., Dadras, O., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, X., Dalal, K., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Davitoiu, D. V., De Neve, J. -W., de Sa-Junior, A. R., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Dhamnetiya, D., Dharmaratne, S. 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D., Javaheri, T., Jayapal, S. K., Jayawardena, R., Jazayeri, S. B., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Joo, T., Joukar, F., Jurisson, M., Kaambwa, B., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kandel, H., Karami Matin, B., Karimi, S. E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G. A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Khader, Y. S., Khajuria, H., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, J., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, G. R., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kohler, S., Kosen, S., Koteeswaran, R., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S. L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kumar, G. A., Kusuma, D., Lamnisos, D., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Le, L. K. D., Lee, S. W. H., Lee, Y. Y., Lim, S. S., Lobo, S. W., Lozano, R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahdavi, M. M., Majeed, A., Makki, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manda, A. L., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M. A., Marrugo Arnedo, C. A., Martinez-Valle, A., Masoumi, S. Z., Maude, R. J., Mckee, M., Medina-Solis, C. E., Menezes, R. 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- Subjects
Economic growth ,Financing, Government ,International Cooperation ,HN ,HM ,Global Health ,Gross domestic product ,International Agencies/economics ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,Per capita ,Global health ,Healthcare Financing ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,COVID 19 ,develompment assistance ,health financing ,projection 1995-250 ,INCOME ,COVID-19 ,Development assistance ,Health financing ,COVID-19/economics ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Articles ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,Government Programs ,Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Transparency (graphic) ,QR180 ,Economic Development ,International development ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Government Programs/economics ,Gross Domestic Product ,Context (language use) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,General & Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Developing Countries/economics ,Developing Countries ,Government ,Science & Technology ,Public health ,COVID-19, development assistance, global health ,Global Burden of Disease 2020 Health Financing Collaborator Network ,International Agencies ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Business ,Global Health/economics ,Health Expenditures ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC ,Financing, Government/economics - Abstract
Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01258-7
- Published
- 2021
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