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Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo effects of ITC as an immunomodulator on various immunological mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in pulmonary homogenates. Methods: Two experimental groups consisting of 25 BALB/c mice each were used: (a) PBS-treated mice and (b) ITC-treated mice (1 mg/mouse/day). The animals were treated daily via gavage for 8 weeks. Five mice from each group were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks and cytokine levels assessed in the supernatants of lung macerates using the Bio-Plex system. Five lungs from each experimental group, after 8 weeks of treatment, were used for histopathological analysis. Results: Compared with the control group, ITC-treated mice showed significant changes in the pulmonary levels of 50 % of the molecules evaluated: IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNF-α, eotaxin, MIP-1α, MIP-2, and LIF were significantly upregulated. In contrast, IL-1β, IL-15, IL-2, IL-1α, and VEGF were downregulated. Conclusion: Although histopathological examination did not show changes in lung cell infiltrates, ITC exerted a marked immunomodulatory effect at the pulmonary level in healthy BALB/c mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A specialized service for antifungal blood level determination is not available in Colombia. This service is essential for the proper follow-up of antifungal therapies., Objective: To standardize and validate a simple, sensitive, and specific protocol based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector for voriconazole blood level quantification., Materials and Methods: We used an Agilent HPLC™ series-1200 equipment with a UVdiode array detector with an analytical column Eclipse XDB-C18 and pre-column Eclipse- XDB-C18 (Agilent). We used voriconazole as the primary control and posaconazole as an internal control. We performed the validation following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations., Results: The best chromatographic conditions were: Column temperature of 25°C, UV variable wavelength detection at 256 nm for voriconazole and 261 nm for posaconazole (internal standard); 50 μl of injection volume, 0,8 ml/min volume flow, 10 minutes of run time, and mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (60:40). Finally, retention times were 3.13 for voriconazole and 5.16 minutes for posaconazole. Quantification range varied from 0.125 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml., Conclusion: The selectivity and chromatographic purity of the obtained signal, the detection limits, and the standardized quantification make this method an excellent tool for the therapeutic monitoring of patients treated with voriconazole.

Background: Colombia currently does not have a specialised service for measuring antifungal levels in serum, which is of prime importance for the proper treatment and correct management of invasive fungal infections., Aims: To standardise and validate a simple, sensitive, and specific protocol, based on high performance liquid chromatography, complying with the parameters recommended by the Food and Drug Administration, to detect, identify, and quantify serum concentrations of posaconazole., Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography Agilent series-1 200 equipment was used with ultraviolet diode array detector and analytical column-Eclipse XDB-C18. Posaconazole-SCH56592 (batch IRQ-PAZ-10-X-103) was used as the primary control and itraconazole (batch ZR051211PUC921) was used as an internal control. The validation was performed taking into account all criteria recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (selectivity, calibration curves, recovery, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability of the sample)., Results: The most suitable chromatographic conditions were the following: column temperature 25°C, ultraviolet detection at 261nm, 50μl injection volume, flow volume 0.8ml/min, 10min running time, mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (70:30), and final retention times of 3.4 and 7.2min for posaconazole and itraconazole, respectively, with a wide and reliable quantification range (0.125μg/ml to 16μg/ml). Using these parameters, the method was selective, R 2 in the calibration curves was≥0.99, and the percentage recovery was 98.7%, with a coefficient of variation less than 10%. The relative error for accuracy and the coefficient of variation for precision were less than 15%, all meeting the acceptance criteria recommended by the Food and Drug Administration., Conclusions: The selectivity and chromatographic purity of the obtained signal, as well as the standardised limits of detection and quantification, make this method an excellent tool for therapeutic monitoring of patients treated with posaconazole., (Copyright © 2016 Asociación Española de Micología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)