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The early nineteenth-century bildungsroman is often understood as a coming-of-age story of the protagonist, which implies that temporality is more constitutive for its composition than spatiality. In contrast, my paper focuses on the motif of travelling in German and British bildungsroman narratives. Opposed to the previous allegorical understanding of the Romantic bildungsroman, I suggest that the methods of the spatial humanities open up a new perspective on bildungsroman narratives by showing how their travel itineraries were used in the construction of Europe before and after the Napoleonic Wars. The itineraries annotated from the corpus suggest that the classic Grand Tour to Italy remain important, especially in German Romanticism, whereas northern regions are also popular in British texts. A few narratives emphasise the region of Greece in defining the European frontier in relation to the Ottoman Empire, while Russia and Poland are not popular settings for bildungsroman narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing scholarship on Napoleonic captivity tends to focus on French prisoners of war held in Britain at the time. This article seeks to help redress this gap by drawing upon a range of English and French sources to investigate how British captives on parole experienced displacement in Napoleonic France during up to eleven years of their lives, between 1803 and 1814. The multifaceted relations that prisoners developed with residents and fellow captives offer important nuances for our understanding of Franco‐British relations during the period. They also provide an insight into how war captivity formed a ‘contact zone’ amidst the conflict. Through this case study, the article highlights that the notion of ‘contact zone’ can provide a helpful framework to further conceptualise histories of prisoner of war experience, even beyond the Napoleonic Wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schmitt's map was one of the outstanding survey products of the late 18th century, produced through Habsburg military mapping in the shadow of the Napoleonic Wars in the area of today's southern Germany and some neighboring regions. The main geodetic basis for the map work was the series of surveys in Germany conducted by C.-F. Cassini de Thury in the 1760s. However, this was only a horizontal control for part of Schmitt's map. The Cassini survey chains were linked in the 1790s by a complementary survey in the northern part of the map work: the Staržinsky-Sarret survey, which is the subject of this study. The authors have searched through the archive summary drafts of this survey. The georeferencing of the photographed sketches in the Cassini projection was feasible with surprisingly low error. By using the global SRTM elevation database, it was possible to identify the points/summits of the Staržinsky-Sarret survey between which visibility is possible. Thus, despite the fact that only one of the seven map sketches examined explicitly presents a triangulation structure, we present a possible triangulation pattern that could have been used to provide geodetic control in the northern part of the Schmitt map. The authors consider this survey as the basis for the assumption that georeferencing the Schmitt map in its own projection is possible in this area with relatively small residual errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the story of a balloon accident in the Bihke region of Bosnia in 1803, this article evaluates the balloon technology of the period through the life of Francesco Zambeccari, who was the aeronaut of that balloon, as well as the anxiety caused by the falling balloon both in Bosnia and the Ottoman centre, in the context of the Napoleonic threat. It first focuses on the balloon technology of the period and considers the mobility and network of relations it created by focusing on Zambeccari, a Bolognia notable. Secondly, it tries to understand how local people interpreted this event and the methods local administrators used both in managing the public's reactions and deciding what to do with the falling balloon. Thirdly, the article examines how, under the shadow of the Napoleonic threat, tensions grew steadily for the Ottoman centre which believed the falling balloon to be linked to a French military advance towards the Bosnian border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1834, hundreds of thousands of enslaved people in the British empire became free laborers under the 1833 Abolition of Slavery Act. In Britain that same year, the Poor Law Amendment Act created the first free market in labor for some of the United Kingdom's poorest workers, agricultural laborers on British and Irish farms. Although political economists in Britain posited that slavery was estranged from the free market, "free labor"—at least for farmworkers—came to Britain and its empire at roughly the same time. For some activists in the British antislavery movement, wage labor appeared to have a civilizing power, and it seemed that enslaved people would need to be taught how to behave in a free labor market so that its "natural" laws would impel them to steady wage work after emancipation. In 1815, the end of the Napoleonic wars brought a prolonged period of economic "distress" in Britain and Ireland. In this era, antislavery thinkers began to reflect on the ways that wages, properly calibrated, could civilize free as well as enslaved workers. This article traces overlapping ideas about the free market in both antislavery and laissez-faire economic thought. It shows how antislavery thinkers struggled with the tension between their faith in a free labor market and their concerns about setting a "civilizing" rate of wages. Finally, it sketches the history of the Quaker abolitionist William Allen's attempt to build a colony in England that would educate free workers in wage labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on rich archival sources, the article studies the failed formation of an "Albanian Regiment" in Corfu by the British army during the Napoleonic Wars. Employing Albanians as marines was deemed useful due to their renowned martial virtues. The failure of the endeavour is attributed to the mistrust among their allies (the Russians and the Ottomans), both of whom coveted Corfu. Examination of the sources reveals that the British wished to form a regiment of Christian or Greek-Albanians. Indeed, the term they used at the time applied not only to the locals of Albania but to all experienced mercenaries in the Balkans. However, this was never made clear to the Russians, who used all the negative stereotypes of the Albanians to undermine the British project, nor to the Ottomans, who wanted to involve Ali Pasha, thereby increasing Russian fears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the register of worker booklets kept in Brest from Year XII (1803-1804) to 1826, which documented personal and professional details of workers as a means of control. Topics include the origins and legal requirements of these booklets, the role of the register in monitoring the labor force, and the broader social and political context of worker management during the Napoleonic era.

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Copyright of Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Built by the architect Louis Montoyer in Vienna between 1803 and 1808 for the Russian ambassador to Austria, Andrey Razumovsky, the famous Razumovsky Palace would become the centre of anti-Napoleonic diplomacy in the early nineteenth century and a fixture in Vienna's lively cultural scene. This article first discusses how the ambassador used his embassy as a meeting place for formal and informal diplomacy that contributed to Russia's positioning against Napoleon long before the Grande Armée invaded the empire. Secondly, the architectural outline of the Razumovsky Palace is linked to the different cultural functions of the embassy that underpinned and strengthened Razumovsky's diplomatic network. The final section of the article explores the role of the Razumovsky Palace as a determinant factor in the ambassador's decision to leave diplomatic service and remain in Vienna until his death in 1836. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is little known that Hungarian soldiers, including Hussars, took part in Napoleon’s 1812 campaign against Russia. Moreover, the four, and later five Hussar regiments assigned to the so-called Imperial-Royal Auxiliary Corps clearly played an important role in the activities of this Corps. During the campaign, the Hussars were mainly responsible for the tasks of reconnaissance and securing the march, which was vital as the Auxiliary Corps was operating deep in hostile and unknown territory. The Hussars, of course, also distinguished themselves in small and large engagements. As an indication of their prominent role, in October 1812 a fifth Hussar regiment was sent to the theatre of war to reinforce the Hussars. This shifted the balance of the Auxiliary Corps’ cavalry even further in favour of the Hussars. Their special importance was also reflected in the new order of battle which was then introduced. This meant that Hussars were assigned to more major military formations than before, a clear indication of their indispensability and the importance of their deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Napoleonic Wars interstate war regularly occurred throughout the Western Hemisphere—until in matter of decades it disappeared. After the 1930s even low-level militarized interstate conflict became less frequent, shorter, and less severe over time. What explains the change in this specific region and historical jucture? We argue that leaders in the Americas identified territorial disputes and foreign intervention as interrelated problems that frequently caused the interstate war. In response, they developed a unique regional norm-complex that bundled together the norms of territorial integrity and non-intervention with the principle of peaceful conflict resolution. This norm complex emerged via Latin American entrepreneurship shortly after independence, cascaded with Pan-Americanism, and crystallized around the signature of the Saavedra Lamas Treaty in the early 1930s. We explain how, why, and when norm complexes develop. We then investigate the evolution and effects of the Latin American norm complex via statistics and within-case counterfactuals. We conclude that interstate war disappeared from the Americas with the acceptance and codification of this norm-complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Napoleonic era was transformative for Cologne's churches. The wars that characterized this period brought destruction and upheaval. The invading French army that occupied the city in 1794 was an agent of the new Republic, a polity then at war with Catholicism. Most spectacularly, this resulted in the desacralization of Cologne's churches, some of which were turned into storage depots for the army or made into temples for the new republican cult. However, once Napoleon seized control of the Republic in 1799, a new French policy was enforced in the city and surrounding region. It restored many aspects of the old familiar religious order, but at the same time created new institutions of church management and preservation that survived the end of French rule in 1814. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Tempest: The Royal Navy and the Age of Revolutions" by James Davey is a comprehensive and engaging history of the Royal Navy during the French Revolution, the Haitian Rebellion, and other instances of resistance by common sailors. The book explores the diverse political identities of sailors in the Atlantic World, focusing on class relationships and how sailors understood their place in the Age of Revolutions. It covers topics such as impressment, mutinies, negotiations between sailors and commanders, and the government's surveillance and repression of sailors. With its accessible tone and well-illustrated maps, "Tempest" is a valuable resource for scholars and enthusiasts of naval history. [Extracted from the article]

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This article provides a summary of Alexander Mikaberidze's biography of Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolenskii, titled "Kutuzov: A Life in War and Peace." The biography explores Kutuzov's life as a Russian aristocrat, warrior, diplomat, and serf-owner, with a focus on his role in the Napoleonic Wars and the Russian Empire. The author presents Kutuzov as a complex figure, highlighting his personal charm, intelligence, bravery, and leadership in the victory over Napoleon's army. The biography also addresses the challenge of separating fact from myth in Kutuzov's story. Additionally, the text challenges Tolstoy's portrayal of Kutuzov as a passive observer and presents him as an effective military leader who implemented reforms and made strategic decisions to protect Russia. The biography concludes with a discussion of Kutuzov's legacy and his place in Russian historiography. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1821, the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence sparked a philhellenic mobilization that drew in the European public with a never-before-seen intensity. The media, and military panoramas in particular, played a decisive role in this veritable «Graecomania». Patented in 1787, the panorama consisted in an immense circular canvas, allowing the spectator to be completely immersed in the painted subject. Having faced a crisis with the end of the Napoleonic wars, the military panorama received fresh impetus from the Hellenic conflict, and it became a huge success, especially in Paris and London. Filling a gap in the scientific literature, this article aims to reconstruct the story of the philhellenic panoramas produced in France and England with a transnational perspective, highlighting the innovative ways through which they mediatized and spectacularized the Greek War of Independence. More precisely, the philhellenic season launched two formats: the fixed panorama, perfected in France by Jean-Charles Langlois, and the moving panorama, popularized in England by a varied crowd of stage designers and entertainment entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the end of the Napoleonic wars through the First World War, London was made into a historic city that showcased it as the heart of a growing empire. Waves of urban reform produced public spaces, such as Waterloo Place, that were populated with statues of military and imperial heroes involved in Britain's territorial conquests. The result was that London came to be imagined as old, designed in a neoclassical style that could be seen across the empire in cities such as Calcutta, which had been the capital of British India through the nineteenth century. Some statues installed in Calcutta were made in London and displayed at the Royal Academy or elsewhere before they were sent abroad. In spite of the seeming permanence of statues, this essay shows that throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, statues were moved on multiple occasions to respond to changing political and aesthetic demands. • London and Calcutta (now Kolkata) share a neoclassical and imperial urban aesthetic. • Moving statues around London, from London to India, were part of urban design. • Public art in Waterloo Place showed London's visitors the history of empire. • The Maidan showcased statues of viceroys, governors-general, and military officials. • Urban planning, public art, and public history merged to make empire visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the historical and cultural connections between Britain and Belgium during the nineteenth century, challenging the perception of Belgium as a lesser-known entity in Anglophone scholarship. Through various encounters, such as royal dynastic ties, battlefield tourism, and artistic influences, the intertwined histories of the two countries are highlighted. The text emphasizes the significant impact of Belgian culture on British identity formation, showcasing the multifaceted nature of their relationship. [Extracted from the article]

This book review discusses "Beethoven: A Political Artist in Revolutionary Times" by William Kinderman. The review highlights the final chapter of the book, which explores the political and politicized nature of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. It discusses the symphony's use as the anthem of the European Union, its performance during the fall of the Berlin Wall, and its connections to other works by Beethoven. The review praises Kinderman's use of evidence from various disciplines to trace the presence of the political in Beethoven's music. However, it also notes that the book may marginalize other works by Beethoven that respond to the revolutionary times. [Extracted from the article]

The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars were experienced by the ears as much as the eyes, yet the auditory dimensions of these conflicts have received limited attention from historians. This article interrogates the reach and reception of military music in wartime Britain and Ireland by drawing on a wealth of evidence from memoirs, diaries, press reports and regimental archives. It demonstrates that military bands provided sought-after entertainment at myriad public events and staged open-air concerts for socially diverse audiences. The article interprets martial music-making as an important civil-military interface and a potent form of cultural propaganda: a means of inculcating patriotism and asserting the sonic supremacy of the established order in a revolutionary age. But it also reveals that military music provoked irritation, controversy and distress, not least by generating noise complaints and exacerbating sectarianism in Ireland. The article concludes by considering the role of British regimental music-making in overseas colonies and foreign theatres of operations, arguing that it functioned as a form of soft power that underpinned imperial authority, aided diplomacy and eased relations with local inhabitants. An intrusive symptom of large-scale military mobilization, martial music shaped civilian attitudes and soundscapes while profoundly influencing broader musical culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, a rescue excavation at the Jičín Natural Sciences Centre and Observatory uncovered a mass grave containing multiple commingled individuals buried in several layers. Zinc buttons and clothing remnants possibly related to eighteenth–nineteenth-century military uniforms found in the grave suggest that these individuals were soldiers. During this period, the Jičín region experienced numerous battles and was the location of several military barracks, hospitals, and transport routes, in addition to supporting civilian populations. To contextualize this burial site, bioarchaeological analyses including assessments of age-at-death, sex, and stature, and recording the presence of injury or medical intervention were conducted. A high frequency of young adult males suggests that the grave was related to military activity. The presence of infants, limited evidence of perimortem trauma, and absence of signs of medical treatment could indicate that this mass grave was related to military encampments rather than battlefield contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florence Nightingale rose to fame early in 1855 at a time when provincialism was assuming unprecedented importance in Victorian culture. The London papers The Times and the Illustrated London News linked Nightingale to the typically provincial domain of the parish and the home: her public image reflecting the wish to extend domestic comfort to soldiers, adrift on foreign land and neglected by uncaring military authorities. Nightingale's campaigns to improve soldiers' conditions then galvanized the charitable enthusiasms of households across Britain and its colonies, as the public sent contributions ranging from knitted slippers to bedsheets repurposed as wound dressings on ships to the Crimea. Nightingale subsequently introduced army reading rooms stocked with works of regional and provincial fiction, either as actual volumes or as instalments in periodicals such as Household Words , to bring the imaginative connections between the parish and the Scutari hospitals closer still. While recent work by Stefanie Markovits and Holly Furneaux has shown how the cultural lives of 'home' and 'the East' were closer than previously thought, I contend that two distinctively provincial features of Nightingale's place within the conflict have not been sufficiently recognized. First, Nightingale drew on gendered notions of the home and domesticity that were crucial to the provincial as it gained appeal and meaning during the middle of the century. Second, in facilitating imaginative connections between soldiers and the reading public many thousands of miles away, Nightingale showed that the provincial operated most effectively at distance, where its effects were felt most strongly among an increasingly dispersed and fragmented nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses two books that offer new perspectives on the Greek Revolution of 1821. The first book provides a comparative and transnational analysis of the revolution within the broader context of the era of conflict and change from the French Revolution to the European Revolutions of 1848. The second book challenges conventional understandings of the revolution by critically examining selected topics and personages. Both books aim to enrich the historiography of the Greek Revolution and provide readers with a deeper understanding of its political, social, and cultural aspects. The text emphasizes the importance of understanding the institution-building processes and the broader historical and sociopolitical context in order to fully comprehend the revolution and its aftermath. [Extracted from the article]

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This article discusses two books that explore Edgar Allan Poe's visual legacies in Spain. The first book, "La mirada irónica de Ramon Calsina Baró," focuses on the artistic production of Ramon Calsina Baró, a Barcelona-based painter and sketcher, who created illustrations for Poe's works. The second book, "Toledo, el pozo y el péndulo," examines the significance of Spain, particularly the city of Toledo, in Poe's story "The Pit and the Pendulum." Both books provide valuable insights into the visual universe inspired by Poe in Spain. The article emphasizes the importance of the senses in understanding artistic manifestations and highlights the fruitful exploration of Poe's visual conception and aesthetic significance. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM) is the property of Centro de Estudios de la Guerra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aims to follow the evolution of the Austrian (Habsburg) cavalry pistols from the times of the Napoleonic Wars to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. The combined study of the concerned handguns from the collections of the History and Archaeology Museum of Piatra-Neamț and of some speciality works (historical sources, as well as more recent studies) will result in a comprehensive presentation of the continuous and successive development (sometimes different from those of other European armies) of a weapon type in its later stages: the one-shot, muzzleloader cavalry pistol, as well as depicting the evolution, composition, tactics and efficiency of the Austrian cavalry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armed with this coherent and helpful cognitive framework, the reader is ready to partake in the proposed intellectual journey across the ages in search of traces of collective memory related to the Battle of Grunwald. The first of the main chapters of the book, written by Rimvydas Petrauskas, discusses the circumstances under which the culture of Grunwald memory first emerged and solidified. [Extracted from the article]

In this book review, Philipp Müller examines the research practices of Johann Gustav Droysen in his three-volume biography of field marshal Graf Yorck von Wartenburg. Müller argues that studying the development of German historiography can benefit from focusing on scholarly practices, such as source collection and the writing of history. Droysen faced challenges in accessing archival material and navigating the political sensitivities of writing about recent history. Müller explores Droysen's relationship with eyewitnesses and the influence of their accounts on his writing. While some aspects of Müller's analysis are convincing, others are less so, particularly in connecting writing practices to social and political dimensions. The book also delves into the influence of patriotic ideology on Droysen's biography. Overall, the study provides insights into the complexities of historical research and the ways in which individual historians shape their narratives. [Extracted from the article]

Dead Men Telling Tales: Napoleonic War Veterans and the Military Memoir Industry, 1808-1914 Matilda Greig Oxford University Press, 2021, xvi + 250 pp. ISBN 9780192896025, $90.00 hardcover. In approaching the [...]

The Chester Leadworks was established on the north bank of the Chester Canal in 1799 and is best known for the production of lead shot for the Napoleonic Wars, although lead sheet, pipes and washers together with white and red lead for paint were also manufactured during its long and distinguished operational life. The iconic shot tower at the heart of the leadworks was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1981, whilst other parts of the complex were subject to incremental demolition between 1984 and 2012. A scheme to repurpose the site for residential use thereafter was preceded by an excavation undertaken by L – P: Archaeology in 2018–19. This targeted the site of the early 19th-century white lead house and represented the final phase of almost two decades of intermittent archaeological investigation. This article synthesises the results obtained from the archaeological study with previous historical research to present a rounded account of this important site with particular reference to the production of white lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is a book review of "The Ukraine War & the Eurasian World Order" by Glenn Diesen. The book discusses the current world order and the clash between those who value state sovereignty and those who want to impose Western liberal and democratic values. Diesen argues for a multipolar, Eurasian world order based on the sanctity of state sovereignty. The review acknowledges the criticisms of liberal hegemony but also highlights the well-intentioned nature of the rules-based order. It explores the motivations behind Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the consequences of Western policies. The review concludes with an optimistic and pessimistic outlook on the emerging Eurasian world order. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides a list of contributors to the journal "Nineteenth-Century Literature." The contributors are esteemed professors and scholars in the field of English literature, specializing in various topics related to the Romantic period and Victorian culture. Their areas of expertise include subjects such as mathematical formalism in Victorian literature, Romantic tragic drama, British realism, Marxist theory, and the history of pluralism in literary criticism. The document also mentions the recent publications and ongoing projects of each contributor. [Extracted from the article]

This paper publishes the sixty-nine surviving very personal letters that Reichsgraf von Rumford wrote to Viscountess Palmerston after they met in Milan in 1793. The letters draw attention to the private domestic spaces of science and the critical importance of the aristocracy in scientific developments, topics that have both received some discussion recently. They were, however, not written with the purpose of providing historical evidence, but as part of a decade-long friendship which the letters trace, revealing, among other things, Rumford's other amours. They also describe in some detail his thoughts about his activities as a member of the governing elite in Bavaria, his scientific and engineering researches (especially the writing and publication of his Essays), as well as what he would have termed his philanthropic efforts in Bavaria, Northern Italy, Britain, and Ireland. All this is framed within the context of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars that in so many ways, directly and indirectly, affected Palmerston's and Rumford's lives and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]