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The study investigated the performance of a novel magnetic hybrid MIL-53(Fe)/Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 composite for removing reactive red 195 (RR195) dye from water using UVc light. Various analytical techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite materials. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of MIL-53(Fe) and TiO 2 in the composite. FT-IR analysis identified carboxyl and Ti-O-Ti groups in the photocatalyst structure. The study evaluated the effects of pH, dye concentration, photocatalyst dosage, and temperature on RR195 photodegradation. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model provided the best fit for the reaction rate. Optimal conditions for an 84 % dye degradation were found at a photocatalyst dose of 15 mg/100 mL, pH 3, dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and 35 °C after 120 minutes of UVc light exposure. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an endothermic reaction with positive values for Δ # H and negative values for Δ # S. The MIL-53(Fe)/Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 composite demonstrated excellent stability and achieved over 90 % dye degradation after five cycles. Overall, the composite shows promise for treating wastewater with dyes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cronobacter species are potential pathogens that can contaminate powdered infant formula. C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus are the most common species of Cronobacter associated with infections. This study mined new molecular targets for the detection of C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus by using comparative genome approaches. Specific target genes mngB and ompR were obtained and used to detect C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus, respectively. A novel detection method, termed ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA), was developed and evaluated. The detection limit for pure C. sakazakii DNA was 1 pg per reaction and 1 fg per reaction for C. malonaticus . The C. sakazakii , C. malonaticus , and the reference stains were all correctly identified. The amplicons can be successfully visualized and identified by naked eyes when hydroxy naphthol blue dye (HNB dye) was used in the reaction. Therefore, the LMTIA assays developed in this study showed potential application for microorganism identification and detection.

We developed an assay comprising crude DNA lysis by simple heat treatment coupled loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue for Chlamydia trachomatis detection (petty patent pending), and evaluated the developed assay for its feasibility as a one-step point-of-care detection on 284 endocervical swab specimens from clinically symptomatic C. trachomatis and healthy subjects. This assay is sensitive to 0·04 pg of ompA, specific with six primers targeting C. trachomatis ompA region, rapid (45 min total assay time), inexpensive (approx. 3 USD/reaction), does not require sophisticated instrumentation, and has comparable assay effectiveness (95% specificity, 90-100% sensitivity) to bacterial DNA isolation by a commercial kit coupled with polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis (98-100% specificity, 87-100% sensitivity) based on the clinical samples test. The test result could be read by naked eye through the colour change from violet (negative) to sky blue (positive) for C. trachomatis-infected specimens. Further, this assay uses all safe chemical reagents and is hence safe to the users.Significance and impact of the studyChlamydia trachomatis is the major bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The clinical symptoms are broad, and chronic C. trachomatis infections could lead to blindness, ectopic pregnancy, sterility in males and females, and a higher risk of the development of cervical cancer. The result indicates the potential usefulness of our crude DNA lysis coupled loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue for a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective assay for C. trachomatis detection from suspected specimens. This assay offers an alternative in the clinical diagnosis of C. trachomatis in resource-limited health-care facilities and clinical laboratories in developing countries, and in field tests.

The suggested nonthermal plasma has been employed for organic pollutants remediation and bacterial inactivation with catalyst (CuFe 2 O 4 ) via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, along with catalytic density functional theory processing. The plasma generated species O 2 - (g.), OH • (g.), H 2 O 2 (aq.), and NO x (aq.) are used for the remediation of organic pollutants, such as reactive black5 and bromocresol green with catalytic oxidative and reductive transformation, like as from Fe 2+ (aq.) to Fe 3+ (aq.) and from Cu 2+ (aq.) to Cu 1+ (aq.), respectively. In the presence of plasma with CuFe 2 O 4 , the pollutants remediation enhanced more, which is 95 ± 0.78%, rather than only plasma. After removal of pollutants, the plasma processing catalyzed by CuFe 2 O 4 was highly inactivated the E. coli. bacterial growth, which inhibition rate is 100 ± 0.87% and 100 ± 0.69% for reactive black5 and bromocresol green, rather than only plasma, such as 86.41 ± 0.91% and 73.91 ± 0.56%, respectively. The CuFe 2 O 4 generated super oxides (O 2 - (aq.)) and hydroxides (H + (aq.), OH ⦁ (aq.), and OOH ⦁ (aq.)) are rapidly react with bacteria to damage the bacterial cell membrane via catalytic redox process. However, the plasma generated species were react with catalyst to produce the e - charge densities under the redox transformation of spin orientation (±) 0.58 e - , which is 0.007, 0.009, and 0.005 electrons per cubic Angstrom, for CuFe 2 O 4 , H 2 O 2 (aq.), and NO x (aq.). The plasma generated species concentrations were quantified in the deionized water, which are H 2 O 2 (aq.) (145 ± 0.91 μM) and NO x (aq.) (112 ± 0.56 μM), respectively. After eradication of pollutants, the water pH was observed, which is near to the neutral at 6.57 ± 0.27 under the catalytic binary redox process. Moreover, the catalytic stability examined via reusability test, which were four cycles for reactive black5 and three cycles for bromocresol green. Furthermore, the CuFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles conducted several characterizations to analyze the various properties, such as crystal, surface, functional, and elemental., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Prorocentrum lima, a widely distributed dinoflagellate known for its production of harmful biotoxins, poses a significant threat to humans, aquaculture, and marine ecosystems. As a result, the detection of this toxic alga in coastal waters has become an urgent research focus. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed to identify P. lima. In this method, cell extracts of P. lima were diluted and used directly as templates for amplification, eliminating the need for nucleic acid purification and simplifying the detection process. Hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) was incorporated into the reaction mix to facilitate result interpretation, enabling visual determination of the amplification outcome with the naked eye. The entire detection process, from DNA extraction to template amplification and product detection, could be completed within 80 min using a simple constant temperature-control device. This LAMP-based detection method demonstrated excellent reliability, specificity, and a low detection limit of 5.87 cells/mL for DNA crude extract. The assay offered an efficient alternative to PCR for rapid detection of P. lima. By streamlining the detection process and offering a visual readout, this technique holds promise for efficient and routine monitoring of harmful algal species, benefitting both research efforts and environmental management strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

This study focuses on the improvement of bioremediation of textile dye Reactive Red 195 using agro-industrial waste, groundnut oil cake (GNOC) obtained after oil-pressing. The treatment of GNOC with 1 N H 2 SO 4 had resulted in physiochemical changes on the insoluble porous adsorbent, which improved their adsorption efficiency. The dye removal efficiency increased from 55% to 94% on acidification of GNOC. The raw groundnut oil cake (RGNOC) and acid-treated groundnut oil cake (AGNOC) were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and zeta potential. The rate and efficiency of dye adsorption were examined using adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. The results confirm that acid-treated GNOC eliminates impurities, alter the surface functional groups, and significantly increase porous surface areas of RGNOC. The investigation of key factors such as contact time, initial concentration of dye, static/agitation impact, particle size, and adsorbent dose had significantly influenced adsorption capacity of GNOC. Adsorption of dye fits best into the Langmuir model and equilibrium data of dye on AGNOC was explained by psuedo-second-order reaction with maximum adsorption capacity of 12.65 mg/g. This emphasis AGNOC has a very excellent potential to remove the textile dye Reactive Red dye from industrial effluent.

Background: Ponceau 4R (E124) and carmoisine (CMS; E122) are frequently utilized azo synthetic dyes in the food industry owing to their aesthetically pleasing coloration and broad consumer acceptability. It is imperative to prioritize environmentally favorable technologies for quantifying these dyes, as excessive consumption of these poses significant health risks., Objective: The primary objective of this research was to establish a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method that could simultaneously detect Ponceau 4R and CMS, implementing green analytical chemistry (GAC) and analytical quality by design (AQbD), using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique in commercial food samples., Methods: An Agilent Eclipse Plus column (C18, 250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm) was utilized for effective separation with a mobile phase of ethanol-acetate buffer pH 5 (60:40, v/v), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 515 nm. Critical variables selected for method optimization were ethanol percentage and flow rate, determined using central composite design (CCD). In order to adhere to the 12 principles of green chemistry, hazardous solvents were substituted with ethanol, which is distinguished by its ease of use, effectiveness, and ecological sustainability. The greenness assessment was conducted utilizing the green analytical procedure index (GAPI), analytical eco-scale (AES), and analytical greenness metrics (AGREE)., Results: The respective retention times for Ponceau 4R and CMS were 2.276 and 3.450 min. The recovery rate of Ponceau 4R and CMS fluctuated between 70% and 102% and 80% and 102%, respectively, across various marketed food samples. The procedure passed validation in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Q14 guidelines., Conclusion: The devised method demonstrates that the validation parameters like linearity, precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility are within the specified limits of ICH guidelines. The greenness assesment tools GAPI, AES, and AGREE produced the most favorable results., Highlights: In future, environmentally sustainable, solvent-based, robust AQbD methodologies for assessing varieties of food colorants may be adopted and improved commercially., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The p K a of C-H acids is an important parameter in the fields of organic synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. However, the prediction of p K a is still a great challenge due to the limit of experimental data and the lack of chemical insight. Here, a new model for predicting the p K a values of C-H acids is proposed on the basis of graph neural networks (GNNs) and data augmentation. A message passing unit (MPU) was used to extract the topological and target-related information from the molecular graph data, and a readout layer was utilized to retrieve the information on the ionization site C atom. The retrieved information then was adopted to predict p K a by a fully connected network. Furthermore, to increase the diversity of the training data, a knowledge-infused data augmentation technique was established by replacing the H atoms in a molecule with substituents exhibiting different electronic effects. The MPU was pretrained with the augmented data. The efficacy of data augmentation was confirmed by visualizing the distribution of compounds with different substituents and by classifying compounds. The explainability of the model was studied by examining the change of p K a values when a specific atom was masked. This explainability was used to identify the key substituents for p K a . The model was evaluated on two data sets from the i BonD database. Dataset1 includes the experimental p K a values of C-H acids measured in DMSO, while dataset2 comprises the p K a values measured in water. The results show that the knowledge-infused data augmentation technique greatly improves the predictive accuracy of the model, especially when the number of samples is small.

Textile industries release major fraction of dyestuffs in effluents leading to a major environmental concern. These effluents often contain more than one dyestuff, which complicates dye degradation. In this study ten reactive dyes (Reactive Yellow 145, Reactive Yellow 160, Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Orange 107, Reactive Red 195, Reactive Blue 21, Reactive Blue 198, Reactive Blue 221, Reactive Blue 250, and Reactive Black 5) that are used in textile industries were subjected to biodegradation by a bacterial consortium VITPBC6, formulated in our previous study. Consortium VITPBC6 caused single dye degradation of all the mentioned dyes except for Reactive Yellow 160. Further, VITPBC6 efficiently degraded a five-dye mixture (Reactive Red 195, Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Blue 221, and Reactive Blue 250). Kinetic studies revealed that the five-dye mixture was decolorized by VITPBC6 following zero order reaction kinetic; V max and K m values of the enzyme catalyzed five-dye decolorization were 128.88 mg L -1  day -1 and 1003.226 mg L -1 respectively. VITPBC6 degraded the dye mixture into delta-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohexene, sulfuric acid, 1,2-dichloroethane, and hydroxyphenoxyethylaminohydroxypropanol. Phytotoxicity, cytogenotoxicity, microtoxicity, and biotoxicity assays conducted with the biodegraded metabolites revealed that VITPBC6 lowered the toxicity of five-dye mixture significantly after biodegradation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

The environmental pollution caused by azo dyes at high temperatures has become an urgent problem. However, little attention has been paid to decolorizing azo dyes by thermophilic consortiums. In this study, a thermophilic bacterial consortium (BCGR-T) mainly composed of two genera, namely, Caldibacillus (70.90%) and Aeribacillus (17.63%) was first enriched, which can decolorize Brilliant Crocein GR (BCGR) at high temperatures (50-75 °C), pH values of 6∼8, dye concentrations (100-400 mg/L) and salinities (1-5%, w/v). The enzyme activity results showed that the azoreductase activity was nearly 8.8 times that of the control (p < 0.01), and the intracellular lignin peroxidase was also highly expressed with enzyme activity of 5.64 U (min -1  mg -1 protein) (p < 0.05), indicated that both azoreductase and intracellular lignin peroxidase played an important part in the decolorization process. Furthermore, seven new intermediate metabolic products, including aniline, phthalic acid, 2-carboxy benzaldehyde, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, toluene, and 4-methyl-hexanoic acid, were identified. In addition, functional genes related with the azo dye decolorization, such as those encoding the azoreductase, laccase, FMN reductase, NADPH-/NADH-quinone oxidoreductases and NADPH-/NADH dehydrogenases, catechol dioxygenase, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, azobenzene reductase, naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase, benzoate/toluate 1,2-dioxygenase, and anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase and so on were found in the metagenome of the consortium BCGR-T. Finally, a new decolorization pathway of the thermophilic consortium BCGR-T was proposed. In addition, the phototoxicity of BCGR decreased after decolorization. Overall, the thermophilic consortium BCGR-T could be a promising candidate in the treatment of high concentration azo dye wastewater at high temperatures., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

One of the major environmental problems we have today is dye pollution, primarily caused by the textile industry. This pollution has detrimental effects on aquatic life, soil fertility, and human health. Many microbial biosorbents have been documented in the literature for the removal of a wide range of azo dyes commonly employed in the textile industry. However, Yarrowia lipolytica NBRC1658 is firstly used as both free and immobilized sorbents for the removal of Reactive yellow 18 (RY18), acid red 18 (AR18) and basic blue 41 (BB41) in this study. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, biosorbent quantity, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on dye removal capacity are examined. The research findings demonstrate that the adsorption capacity is higher in biomass compared to immobilized cells. The highest adsorption capacities are observed at pH 2 for RY18 and AR18, while pH 9 is optimal for BB41. Increasing the adsorbent dosage and initial concentration significantly improves the adsorption capacity. The Langmuir model best describes the adsorption process, indicating that the dye attaches to the biosorbent in a single layer, with a uniform biosorbent surface. The removal of the dye occurs through a chemical process on the biosorbent surface, as evidenced by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to thermodynamic analysis, higher temperatures promote greater adsorption of dyes. Our study shows the effectiveness of Yarrowia lipolyica NBRC1658 as a biosorbent in the removal of a wide range of industrial dyes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Xeno-nucleic acids (XNAs) are synthetic genetic polymers with improved biological stabilities and offer powerful molecular tools such as aptamers and catalysts. However, XNA application has been hindered by a very limited repertoire of tool enzymes, particularly those that enable de novo XNA synthesis. Here we report that terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) catalyzes untemplated threose nucleic acid (TNA) synthesis at the 3' terminus of DNA oligonucleotide, resulting in DNA-TNA chimera resistant to exonuclease digestion. Moreover, TdT-catalyzed TNA extension supports one-pot batch preparation of biostable chimeric oligonucleotides, which can be used directly as staple strands during self-assembly of DNA origami nanostructures (DONs). Such TNA-protected DONs show enhanced biological stability in the presence of exonuclease I, DNase I and fetal bovine serum. This work not only expands the available enzyme toolbox for XNA synthesis and manipulation, but also provides a promising approach to fabricate DONs with improved stability under the physiological condition., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Hazardous synthetic colorants have found widespread use in food production, and excessive consumption of these pigments can pose potential risks to human health. In this study, we propose an ultrasensitive fluorescence method for the analysis of Acid Red 18 (AR18) in food products. The method is based on the nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) derived from tris and resorcinol through a hydrothermal way. The as-synthesized N-CDs exhibit two emission centers at 425 nm and 541 nm, corresponding to the excitation wavelengths of 377 nm and 465 nm, respectively. Upon the addition of AR18, the fluorescence intensity at 541 nm significantly decreases with a simultaneous, though less pronounced, reduction in the intensity at 425 nm, which is attributed to the localization of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (L-FRET). Specifically, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe was constructed based on the extracted data from the 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. This probe demonstrates a wide linear range from 0.0539 to 30 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 53.9 nM. For practical applications, a portable fluorescent sensor based on a lateral flow test strip (LFTS) was designed for real-time monitoring of AR18. Color channel values were determined using a smartphone application, resulting in a satisfactory LOD of 75.3 nM. Furthermore, the suitability of the proposed ratiometric fluorescent probe was validated through the detection of AR18 in real food samples, consistently achieving recovery rates in the range of 99.7-101.4%. This research not only expands the scope of CDs in sensing fields, but also provides an effective strategy for the development of an excellent platform for real-time AR18 detection, contributing to public food safety.

The powdered citrus peel, which has been replaced with sodium hydroxide, was used in this study to test how well methylene blue and reactive black 5 dyestuff absorbed one or both. To find out about the texture and surface chemistry of modified citrus peel, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope analyses were carried out. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data revealed the presence of amphoteric radicals on the modified citrus peel surface, indicating the effective adsorption of methylene blue and reactive black 5. Many parameters affecting the batch adsorption process, such as modified citrus peel dose (0.1-0.5 g), pH (2-10), time (20-80 min), stirring speed (60-180 rpm), and temperature (20-45 °C), were studied. It is seen that the physical effect is at the forefront, homogeneous monolayer adsorption occurs, and the process fits the Langmuir and pseudo first order models for dyestuffs. Thermodynamic modeling showed that the adsorption of methylene blue and reactive black 5 was spontaneous and endothermic. At pH 2, an adsorption capacity of 0.67 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 66.86% were achieved for reactive black 5. For methylene blue at pH 6, the adsorption capacity was 4.34 mg/g, and the decolorization rate was 87%. The decreases in the removal rates of dyestuffs in the binary system indicate that they are affected by their simultaneous presence in the solution. The results proved that modified citrus peel can be useful for dyestuff removal in single or binary systems, although the removal capacity of modified citrus peel is highly dependent on methylene blue and reactive black 5., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The characteristic colour of pork desired by consumers is a widespread phenomenon on the Ghanaian market that has led to some suspected adulteration practices. Currently available methods for monitoring pork quality are time consuming but above all, destructive (destroys the integrity of meat). This study aimed to develop rapid models that can be used to detect, classify and predict the presence of ponceau 4R in fresh pork in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana using near-infrared spectroscopy together with chemometrics. Fresh pork samples, 120 obtained from the markets and 120 adulterated artificially in the laboratory, were subjected to near-infrared measurements. The spectra obtained were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR). PCA and LDA showed that scanning the skin of the pork and pretreating the spectra with Savitzky-Golay smoothing sufficed for further chemometric analysis. The classification models built using LDA showed similarities between samples obtained from the markets and the artificially adulterated samples, indicating the presence of colour adulterant. The models also revealed the importance of processing time in making the adulterated meat more appealing to consumers. PLSR, however, yielded poor results for predicting colour and adulterant concentration. In effect, PCA and LDA methods proved to be better alternatives for the detection of colored pork adulteration and can be adopted for quality control applications together with near infrared spectroscopy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The performances of nine biosorbents derived from dead fungal biomass were investigated for their ability to remove Reactive Black 5 from aqueous solution. The biosorption data for removal of Reactive Black 5 were readily modeled using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic analysis based on both pseudo-second-order and Weber-Morris models indicated intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step for biosorption of Reactive Black 5 on to the biosorbents. Sorption capacities of the biosorbents were not correlated with the initial biosorption rates. Sensitivity analysis of the factors affecting biosorption examined by an artificial neural network model showed that pH was the most important parameter, explaining 22%, followed by nitrogen content of biosorbents (16%), initial dye concentration (15%) and carbon content of biosorbents (10%). The biosorption capacities were not proportional to surface areas of the sorbents, but were instead influenced by their chemical element composition. The main functional groups contributing to dye sorption were amine, carboxylic, and alcohol moieties. The data further suggest that differences in carbon and nitrogen contents of biosorbents may be used as a selection index for identifying effective biosorbents from dead fungal biomass.

HBV RNA destabilizers are a class of small-molecule compounds that target the noncanonical poly(A) RNA polymerases PAPD5 and PAPD7, resulting in HBV RNA degradation and the suppression of viral proteins including the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). AB-161 is a next-generation HBV RNA destabilizer with potent antiviral activity, inhibiting HBsAg expressed from cccDNA and integrated HBV DNA in HBV cell-based models. AB-161 exhibits broad HBV genotype coverage, maintains activity against variants resistant to nucleoside analogs, and shows additive effects on HBV replication when combined with other classes of HBV inhibitors. In AAV-HBV-transduced mice, the dose-dependent reduction of HBsAg correlated with concentrations of AB-161 in the liver reaching above its effective concentration mediating 90% inhibition (EC 90 ), compared to concentrations in plasma which were substantially below its EC 90 , indicating that high liver exposure drives antiviral activities. In preclinical 13-week safety studies, minor non-adverse delays in sensory nerve conductance velocity were noted in the high-dose groups in rats and dogs. However, all nerve conduction metrics remained within physiologically normal ranges, with no neurobehavioral or histopathological findings. Despite the improved neurotoxicity profile, microscopic findings associated with male reproductive toxicity were detected in dogs, which subsequently led to the discontinuation of AB-161's clinical development.

Graphene-based nanocomposites are developing as a new class of materials with several uses. The varied weight percentages of rGO on Ag 2 S catalysts were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process and employed for the decomposition of anionic dye naphthol green B (NGB) under solar light. The reduced graphene oxide-based silver sulfide (rGO/Ag 2 S) nanoparticles were then examined using XRD, SEM, EDS, HR-TEM, XPS, UV-DRS, and PL analysis. Using solar light, the photocatalytic activity of the produced catalyst was examined for the degradation of naphthol green B (NGB) in an aqueous solution. At pH 9, rGO/Ag 2 S is discovered to be more effective than the other catalysts for the NGB dye mineralization. Analyses have been conducted on the influence of operational parameters on the photo-mineralization of NGB, including the initial pH, initial dye concentration, and catalyst dosage. The dye concentration increased; the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation tended to decrease. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) studies have verified the NGB dye mineralization. Active species trapping revealed that holes, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide radicals all played major roles in the photocatalytic deterioration of NGB processes. Additionally, a potential mechanism of NGB dye degradation by rGO/Ag 2 S catalyst is presented. The synthesized compound was further evaluated for antibacterial activity, and the results indicated that rGO/Ag 2 S were potentially effective antibacterial agents., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Abusing organic dyes in industrial food products is an important issue in many countries. Rapid chemical sensing of these compounds can be of great importance during the industrial life of humans. In this work, we synthesized a new fluorescent polymer dot and successfully applied it as an optical probe for the detection of red color abuse in foodstuffs. Ponceau 4R is a red organic dye additive that is used in some foodstuffs such as tomato sauces or pastes. It is too hazardous to human health. Detection of such abusage is challenging. The development of π-conjugated polymer dots having a bright emission band at visible can be a promising probe for the detection of food color additives. A variety of methods and monomers were previously used for their synthesis. Here, the Suzuki Coupling method was employed. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was obtained 16 nmol L -1 for the detection of Ponceau 4R., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

In recent years, a new type of Spiroplasma has been found that can cause "tremor disease" of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The outbreak of epidemic tremor disease has caused a serious setback in the Chinese mitten crab farming industry, with an incidence rate of more than 30% and mortality rates of 80-100%. Therefore, finding a sensitive method to detect tremor disease in E. sinensis has become a current research focus. In this research, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection method coupled with hydroxynaphthol blue dye (LAMP-HNB) was developed and used to rapidly detect Spiroplasma eriocheiris. First, we designed and synthesized specific outer primers, inner primers and loop primers based on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of S. eriocheiris. Second, the LAMP-HNB detection method for S. eriocheiris was successfully established by screening the primers, adjusting the temperature and time of the reaction, and optimizing the concentrations of Mg 2+ and dNTPs. In the specific tests, only samples infected with S. eriocheiris showed positive results, and other infections caused by bacteria and parasites tested negative, proving that the test has high specificity. Moreover, the detection limit was 2.5 × 10 -6  ng/µL, indicating high sensitivity. This method for detecting S. eriocheiris provides rapid visual output based on LAMP-HNB detection and is a simple, fast, sensitive, and inexpensive method that can be applied to a wide range of field investigations., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The peels of Trapa natans (TRA) and Citrullus lanatus (CIT), were modified with a variety of chemicals to boost their surface for the optimization of adsorption performance by providing a greater number of additional active binding sites. Citric acid-processed peels (TRAC and CITC) had shown more favorable adsorption performance to eradicate acid violet 7 dye (AVS). Extra and additional active sites generated after chemical processing, including hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), amines NH 2 , carbonyl, and ester (-O-CO-) groups, as evidenced from FTIR and SEM characterizations, may boost the potential of physicochemical integration of adsorbent surface activity in order to promote and encourage the retention of hazardous and risky AVS molecules from the water. The Langmuir isotherm assessed the q max for the adsorption of AVS on TRAC, CITC, TRA, and CIT to be 212.8, 294, 24.3, and 60.6 mg/g, respectively, whereas the correlation coefficients assessed for both TRAC and CITC were 0.98 and for TRA and CIT were 0.97, closer to unity reflecting monolayer physio-sorption. According to Temkin, the adsorption of AVS on TRAC, TRA, CITC, and CIT gives "B T " values of 1.275, 0.947, 1.085, and 1.211 mg/g, also suggesting physio-sorption. Therefore, chemically modified peels can be employed for detoxification of AVS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: In this study, cysteine-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @Cys MNPs) were synthesized by chemical method and applied as a recoverable and efficient adsorbent for the removal of carmoisine dye from aqueous solutions. The synthesized MNPs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM studies., Methods: The effect of various experimental parameters on the dye removal efficiency was studied using Taguchi orthogonal array design (L 16 array). Under the optimum conditions (pH = 2, stirring time = 30 min, adsorbent amount = 0.1 g and without salt addition), more than 92% of carmoisine was removed from the aqueous solutions., Results: The kinetic studies showed rapid adsorption dynamics by a pseudo second-order kinetic model, confirming that diffusion controls the adsorption process. Dye adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm, and the synthesized adsorbent showed high removal efficiency., Conclusion: The obtained results showed that the synthesized MNPs act as a reusable adsorbent for carmoisine removal with an easy procedure., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

A magnetic composite of CoFe 2 O 4 and carbon nanotube (CNT) was prepared using the solvothermal approach and then employed for the activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade reactive black 5 (RB5) and other organic pollutants. Characterization results of the composite catalyst revealed the successful loading of spherical CoFe 2 O 4 particles on CNTs, possessing abundant porosity as well as magnetic separation capability. Under the degradation conditions of 0.2 g/L CoFe 2 O 4 -CNT dosage and 4 mM PDS dosage, the removal efficiencies of 10 mg/L RB5 and other pollutants were in the range of 94.5 to ~ 100%. The effects of pH, co-existing ions/humic acid, and water matrices as well as the reusability of the catalyst were also investigated in detail. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism and pathway were proposed based on quenching experiments, LC-MS analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the toxicity of the degradation products was evaluated in the quantitative structure-activity relationship approach., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This study assessed the performance of biofilm reactors inoculated with azo dye degrading Shewanella for the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5), using three different carrier materials, namely almond shell biochar, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and polypropylene carrier (PPC). The reactors were fed with low-nutrient artificial wastewater containing RB5, and all three carriers showed good RB5 decolorization performance, with varying efficiencies. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed distinct RB5 degradation pathways associated with each carrier, influenced by carrier materials and microbial communities. The MBBR carrier exhibited good stability due to its rough surface and microbial aggregates. Sequencing results highlighted differences in the microbial community structures among the carriers. Shewanella predominated the functional bacteria in the MBBR and PPC carriers, while the biochar carrier fostered highly efficient degrading microbial communities. The physicochemical properties of carrier materials significantly influenced the microbial community and RB5 degradation efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing biofilm reactors for dye-containing wastewater treatment., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2003, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that Sodium Naphthalenesulfonate and Sodium Polynaphthalenesulfonate are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report in formulations intended to be applied to the skin., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.