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The face is an important cue for discriminating conspecifics in some primates (including humans), other mammals and birds. Although there is considerable evidence that fish can discriminate between conspecifics based on familiarity, the actual traits used to do so remain unclear. However, recent studies showed that two cichlid species used face colour patterns similarly to other vertebrates, and have suggested that social signals have evolved around the eyes, even in fish (face-specific hypothesis). In this study, we tested whether the striped, rock-dwelling Tanganyikan cichlid Julidochromis transcriptus can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics using facial patterns alone. We used a monitor to present fish with four digital models of combinations of facial and body patterns from familiar and unfamiliar fish. Focal fish spent more time near the monitor when presented with unfamiliar face models regardless of the body pattern. Therefore, we concluded that J. transcriptus recognizes familiar conspecifics using facial patterns alone, despite having distinct stripe patterns on the whole body. Our results are consistent with the face-specific hypothesis and indicate that social signals have evolved around the eyes of fish.

This study represents cases with spontaneous neuritis of peripheral nerves in electric eels. Two electric eels were presented with abnormal swimming behavior and loss of appetite. Electric eels had extensive histopathologic lesions in the splenic and cardiac nerves. The lesions were characterized by swelling of neuronal cells, central chromatolysis and marked inflammatory cell infiltration consisting mainly of lymphocytes around the affected nerves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of spontaneous neuritis of peripheral nerves in electric eels.

This study represents cases with spontaneous neuritis of peripheral nerves in electric eels. Two electric eels were presented with abnormal swimming behavior and loss of appetite. Electric eels had extensive histopathologic lesions in the splenic and cardiac nerves. The lesions were characterized by swelling of neuronal cells, central chromatolysis and marked inflammatory cell infiltration consisting mainly of lymphocytes around the affected nerves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of spontaneous neuritis of peripheral nerves in electric eels.

Fiber-reinforced composite materials often exhibit nonlinear stress-strain behavior under the combined tension-compression and shear with respect to the transverse direction to the fiber. This paper focuses on the mechanical description of the nonlinear inelastic behavior of CFRP. In order to obtain fundamental data to elucidate the inelastic behaviors of the composite, quasi-static failure tests were firstly performed on unidirectional and symmetric angle-ply laminate tubes with different fiber orientations. Then, the flow rules proposed by Chow et al. were modified and developed to describe the non-linear mechanical behavior of symmetric angle-ply laminates under multi-axial loading. Comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions showed that the proposed theory can appropriately describe the inelastic behavior of CFRP.

The authors reported the results of field survey and family follow-up on acatalasemia and hy- pocatalasemia during the year of 1965. No hypocatalasemic case was seen in the tests of 2, 897 individuals at two places of Japan Proper. And a hypocatalasemic boy was found out among 10, 083 children of Miyako Is., Ryukyu. In 1965, ten acatalasemias of six families at various parts in the world were added to the for- merly known cases. Consequently, the total of reported acatalase- mias amounted to 90 cases of 43 families by the end of 1965.