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Portable household air purifiers are widely used devices designed to maintain a high-quality level of indoor air. Portable air purifiers equipped with the high-efficiency air (HEPA) filter served 100 h in a household space occupied by two adults without any symptoms of respiratory tract infection. The main objective of the study was to determine microbial contamination on the HEPA filter and to investigate if the selected nanotextile monolayer made of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers can capture potential microorganisms when installed downstream of the HEPA filter as the final filtration medium. Samples were taken from the inlet and outlet surfaces. Samples from the nanotextile were collected in the same manner as from the HEPA filter. QIAStat DX® 1.0 Analyzer using the Respiratory SARS CoV-2 Panel multiplex PCR detection system was selected for microorganism detection. Adenovirus was detected on the inlet surface of the HEPA filter. The outlet surface of the filter contained no viruses included in the Respiratory SARS CoV-2 Panel portfolio. The nanotextile monolayer was replaced twice during the 100 h of operation, so three pieces were used and all contained coronavirus 229 E. Coronavirus 229 E was then detected in the nasopharynx of one of the members of the household as well. It may be assumed that the selected nanotextile is capable of capturing a virus of a small size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanotechnology field holds a lot of promise for commercial multifunctional applications in modern textiles. Due to its unique features, nanotechnology's application in textiles has grown fast. Nanomaterials may be synthesised in a variety of methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, and they are simply incorporated into fabric. Its application can improve the properties and value of textile processes and products at a lower cost. Textiles may become multifunctional thanks to nanotechnology, which allows for the creation of materials with unique features such as antibacterial, anti-odor, flame retardant, UV protection, water repellent, and wrinkle resistance. The current study compares the recent progress of various nanoparticle synthesis methodologies and nanotechnology applications in the textile industry, with a special focus on improving key textile properties for multifunctional fabric manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Their superlative nanoscale properties make carbon nanotubes (CNTs) one of the most valuable possible products of hydrocarbon cracking. CNTs have the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of single-crystal graphite, realized as one-dimensional nanoparticles with diameter of a few nanometers and extraordinary aspect ratio above 105. However, macroscopic ensembles of these building blocks have bulk properties that span 5–12 orders of magnitude. We divide macroscopic embodiments of CNTs into three classes based on their interrelated volume fraction, degree of alignment and bulk properties. In a nanocomposite 1wt-% CNTs are randomly dispersed as conductive filler in a matrix, as currently used on the 5000 ton/year scale for battery electrodes. Sheets of CNTs aligned through the thickness can be produced by directly drawing entangled CNTs from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD), circumventing the need for dispersion. A high aspect ratio and moderate alignment gives CNT sheets in-plane conductivity at the low end of metals and the toughness of high-performance plastics. These sheets are flexible and chemically resistant, making them attractive conductors for complex-shaped electrodes and electromagnetic interference shielding. CNT sheets are also effective as thin veils for interlaminar reinforcement of fiber-reinforced polymers, and potentially as unidirectional non-woven fabric reinforcement of its own. In fibers, CNTs can be aligned and packed close to their theoretical density. This is achieved by either spinning fibers from liquid crystal solutions of specialty CNTs in superacids, or through acid-stretching of CNT fibers previously spun from FCCVD aerogels. Their combined longitudinal properties are beyond the envelope of traditional carbon fibers, and their electrical conductivity after doping approaching that of Cu. These properties result from close packing of ultra-long conjugated macromolecules in a continuous bundle structure following basic principles of high-performance polymer fibers. Overall, the different macroscopic embodiments of CNTs offer a route for hydrocarbons to produce materials tough as textiles, conductive as titanium and processed like polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Globally, millions of patients are affected by myocardial infarction or lower limb gangrene/amputation due to atherosclerosis. Available surgical treatment based on vein and synthetic grafts provides sub-optimal benefits. We engineered a highly flexible and mechanically robust nanotextile-based vascular graft (NanoGraft) by interweaving nanofibrous threads of poly-L-lactic acid to address the unmet need. The NanoGrafts were rendered impervious with selective fibrin deposition in the micropores by pre-clotting. The pre-clotted NanoGrafts (4 mm diameter) and ePTFE were implanted in a porcine carotid artery replacement model. The fibrin-laden porous milieu facilitated rapid endothelization by the transmural angiogenesis in the NanoGraft. In-vivo patency of NanoGrafts was 100% at 2- and 4-weeks, with no changes over time in lumen size, flow velocities, and minimal foreign-body inflammatory reaction. However, the patency of ePTFE at 2-week was 66% and showed marked infiltration, neointimal thickening, and poor host tissue integration. The study demonstrates the in-vivo feasibility and safety of a thin-layered vascular prosthesis, viz., NanoGraft, and its potential superiority over the commercial ePTFE. Graphical Abstract

Globally, millions of patients are affected by myocardial infarction or lower limb gangrene/amputation due to atherosclerosis. Available surgical treatment based on vein and synthetic grafts provides sub-optimal benefits. We engineered a highly flexible and mechanically robust nanotextile-based vascular graft (NanoGraft) by interweaving nanofibrous threads of poly-L-lactic acid to address the unmet need. The NanoGrafts were rendered impervious with selective fibrin deposition in the micropores by pre-clotting. The pre-clotted NanoGrafts (4 mm diameter) and ePTFE were implanted in a porcine carotid artery replacement model. The fibrin-laden porous milieu facilitated rapid endothelization by the transmural angiogenesis in the NanoGraft. In-vivo patency of NanoGrafts was 100% at 2- and 4-weeks, with no changes over time in lumen size, flow velocities, and minimal foreign-body inflammatory reaction. However, the patency of ePTFE at 2-week was 66% and showed marked infiltration, neointimal thickening, and poor host tissue integration. The study demonstrates the in-vivo feasibility and safety of a thin-layered vascular prosthesis, viz., NanoGraft, and its potential superiority over the commercial ePTFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibers could be defined as the fibers which have their diameters in nanometric range. These nanofibers have applied to many fields including the biomedical, pharmaceutical, environmental, and agricultural sectors. The previous fields have increased demand for eco-biodegradable sustainable materials that can use with high superior physical and mechanical properties like nanofibers. The medicinal and pharmaceutical fields have more attractive forces for investment compared to agriculture, which its investments in field of nanofibers still need more efforts. Concerning the agricultural field, nanofibers have been used for coating seeds, for plant protection, for encapsulation of agrochemicals, and for the filtration in irrigation systems. On the other hand, many applications of nanofibers in the environment could be adapted including air and water filtration, environmental sensing, water/wastewater treatment, heavy metal removing, for cosmeceutical purposes, and for antimicrobial treatment. However, more research should be undertaken to investigate different aspects of nanofibers on the agro-environment. There are still many unanswered questions about the impacts of nanofibers on soil biology and its quality. Further work is also required to establish the standardization of nanofiber-amendment for soil and water conservation in frame of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and effective sonosynthesis technique for the synthesis and simultaneous incorporation of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on cotton fabrics is developed. The surface plasmon resonace (SPR) of ZnO NPs was studied using UV–visible spectroscopy and the average hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was determined by dynamic light scattring (DLS). The ZnO NPs incorporated cotton fabrics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength, flexural rigidity, air permeability, and water contact angle of the ZnO NPs deposited cotton fabrics were measured and compared with the pristine cotton. The SEM images showed excllent deposition of the NPs on the cotton yarns. Textile engineering characterization revealed that the inherent properties of cotton fabric remain in acceptable limits after deposition of the NPs. The ZnO NPs deposited cotton fabrics exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using Zanthoxylum rhesta plant's fruit extract for the first time. The green synthesis and in situ deposition of AgNPs on cellulose fibers in cotton was carried out by wet and sonochemical methods. The AgNPs and AgNPs-deposited cotton fabrics were fully characterized. The crystallite size of particles obtained by both methods was around 37 nm and the hydrodynamic diameters were in the range of 69 to 184 nm and 75 to 111 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed uniform deposition of the nanoparticles on cotton fabrics. The AgNPs-deposited cotton fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria namely, Escherichia coli (E-coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. This work presents a significant advancement in the preparation of antimicrobial nanotextiles by a smart combination of green synthesis and in situ deposition approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To determine the effect of nanosized organosilicon softeners on the indices of the technological properties of a knitted fabric, to assess the possibility of their improvement through the use of innovative finishing processing. Methodology. Theoretical and experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science. In experimental studies, standardized methods and techniques were used, which are reflected in the laboratory by providing softening treatment for knitted fabrics. The sewing process was performed on a Juki DLL-8100e industrial sewing machine. The stitch frequency of the stitches was determined by the registration method. Finding. It is determined that the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners significantly affects the performance of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It was found that the Kolosil nanosized organosilicon softener, which was used by the selection method at a concentration of 4% of the processed material, has a maximum effect on the total deformation and increases the proportion of the slowly inverse deformation component. It is shown that the use of softeners has a positive effect on the stability of the linear dimensions of a knitted fabric. It is proved that the final processing of knitted fabric with innovative nanosized organosilicon softeners can be considered a factor in reducing the technological complexity of garments. Originality. The scientific hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed in the use of nanosized organosilicon softeners to improve the indicators of the technological properties of a knitted fabric. It is shown that treatment with nanoscale softeners causes changes in the structure of fibers at the micro level, which are of paramount importance for the formation of technological properties of a knitted fabric. Practical value. The research results can be used in the development of new materials with improved properties, in the design of clothing parts and in sewing knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A woven nanotextile implant was developed and optimized for long-term continuous drug delivery for potential oncological applications. Electrospun polydioxanone (PDS) nanoyarns, which are twisted bundles of PDS nanofibres, were loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and woven into nanotextiles of different packing densities. A mechanistic modeling of in vitro drug release proved that a combination of diffusion and matrix degradation controlled the slow PTX-release from a nanoyarn, emphasizing the role of nanostructure in modulating release kinetics. Woven nanotextiles, through variations in its packing density and thereby architecture, demonstrated tuneable PTX-release. In vivo PTX-release, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were evaluated in healthy BALB/c mice by suturing the nanotextile to peritoneal wall. The slow and metronomic PTX-release for 60 days from the loosely woven implant was extremely effective in enhancing its residence in peritoneum, in contrast to intraperitoneal injections. Such an implantable matrix offers a novel platform for therapy of solid tumors over prolonged durations. Graphical Abstract Nanotextiles woven from electrospun nanofibrous yarns as suturable intraperitoneal drug depots offer an excellent platform for loading chemodrugs like Paclitaxel to provide tuneable and metronomic drug release in a slow sustained manner over prolonged time intervals, in the peritoneum. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Antimicrobial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane modified by dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) has been electrospun using simple one‐step technology, where the modifying agent DTAB is dissolved in spinning solution. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrokinetic analysis confirm reliably the presence of DTAB on the nanofibers surfaces; electrokinetic analysis shows the changes of zeta potential due to modification by DTAB. X‐ray diffraction shows that electrospinning converts the part of α phase (≈40%) present in PVDF powder into β phase with all trans (TTT) zigzag chains conformation in PVDF electrospun membrane. Surface modification does not affect the phase composition of PVDF nanofibers, just only leads to lower crystallinity (smaller size of crystallites) in PVDF nanofibers. DTAB causes the curling of fibers and their aggregation, what completely changed the membrane structure. DTAB‐modified membrane exhibits antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus. Concentration of 0.5 wt% DTAB in spinning solution causes partial inhibition of bacterial growth only, while 1.0 wt% concentration leads to complete inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional straight fibers spun from carbon nanotubes have rather limited deformability; creating a spiral structure holds the promise to break this shape restriction and enhance structural flexibility. Here, we report up to one meter-length threads containing purely single-walled nanotubes twisted into spiral loops (about 1.3 x 105 loops per meter) with tunable fiber diameters and electrical conductivity. Because of significant increase of the loop number and long-range homogeneity, the fibers display many unique properties (e.g., self-shrinking and forming extremely entangled structure, fast stretching with great resilience, large-degree axial and lateral deflection, and excellent fatigue resistance) that are difficult to achieve in straight yarns or short helical segments. They also have potential applications as macroscopic fiber-shaped temperature sensors and deformable gas sensors. Our long spiral fibers may be configured into versatile structures such as nanotextiles for developing wearable electronics and multifunctional fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First report of biosynthesis of Ag/TiO 2 NPs using wastewater of Parkia biglobosa. • Ag/TiO 2 NPs inhibited MDR clinical bacterial isolates by 9–19 mm. • Ag/TiO 2 NPs inhibited fungal growth by 67.50–80.00% • Cotton and silk functionalized with Ag/TiO 2 NPs inhibited MDR bacteria and totally suppressed fungal growth. In this work, we report for the first time, the biogenic production of silver-titanium oxide alloy nanoparticles (Ag/TiO 2 NPs) via wastewater from fermented beans of locust beans plant (Parkia biglobosa) with potent antimicrobial activities using as-prepared nanoparticles and fabric functionalized with the nanoparticles. The deep brown colloidal solution of Ag/TiO 2 NPs absorbed at 400 nm with a single peak that signifies the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles. The characteristic peaks of 3898–3900, 3493–3506 and 1773–1775 cm−1 obtained through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic investigations showed the involvement of proteins and phenolics in the synthesis of Ag/TiO 2 NPs. The transmission electron microscopic measurement of the nearly spherical-shaped nanoparticles revealed size range of 11.40–28.93 nm with crystalline structure in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image. The energy-dispersive X-ray pattern showed prominence of silver, oxygen and titanium in the colloidal solution. The synthesized Ag/TiO 2 NPs inhibited the growth of strains of multi-drug resistant bacteria such as Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli as well as fungal isolates that included Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani. Similarly, the antimicrobial potency of the fabrics functionalized with Ag/TiO 2 NPs NPs was remarkable with antibacterial activities (15–24 mm) and complete suppression of the growth of A. niger. This novel antimicrobial agent can be explored for textile and biomedical applications in the control of drug resistant isolates to engender good health and wellbeing (SDG 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A woven nanotextile implant was developed and optimized for long-term continuous drug delivery for potential oncological applications. Electrospun polydioxanone (PDS) nanoyarns, which are twisted bundles of PDS nanofibres, were loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and woven into nanotextiles of different packing densities. A mechanistic modeling of in vitro drug release proved that a combination of diffusion and matrix degradation controlled the slow PTX-release from a nanoyarn, emphasizing the role of nanostructure in modulating release kinetics. Woven nanotextiles, through variations in its packing density and thereby architecture, demonstrated tuneable PTX-release. In vivo PTX-release, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were evaluated in healthy BALB/c mice by suturing the nanotextile to peritoneal wall. The slow and metronomic PTX-release for 60 days from the loosely woven implant was extremely effective in enhancing its residence in peritoneum, in contrast to intraperitoneal injections. Such an implantable matrix offers a novel platform for therapy of solid tumors over prolonged durations., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)