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Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are portable emergency medical devices critical for resuscitating individuals experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. The installation of AEDs in public spaces is essential for enhancing society's emergency response capabilities. However, many cities in China currently face issues such as inadequate AEDs deployment and uneven distribution. This study aims to explore a rational layout plan for AEDs through systematic site optimization. Initially, this paper evaluates the current spatial configuration of AEDs in the central urban district of Nanjing using various spatial analysis methods. Subsequently, a coverage model is constructed to simulate the coverage capacity of potential emergency needs for new facilities, and a genetic algorithm is utilized to solve it. Finally, an AED site selection experiment is conducted, and the site selection results are discussed and analyzed in conjunction with practical conditions. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) AED distribution in Nanjing's central urban district is clustered, with some areas lacking facilities, and the coverage rate of AEDs within 100 m and 200 m ranges is relatively low, particularly across different types of venues; and (2) the optimization experiment, with 90 new site selection points, effectively addressed AED distribution gaps, significantly improved coverage, and ameliorated the overall distribution across various public venues. This study provides a scientific basis for the rational placement of AEDs in urban public spaces through systematic analysis and optimization experiments. It enhances the efficiency of current AED deployment in the main urban areas of Nanjing and offers significant insights for the optimization of urban emergency resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of how to assess the comprehensive competitiveness of tourist destinations within cities is an important aspect for determining the potential of a city's tourism development and its ranking among peers in the field. There are four main parts to the content of this article, which consist of the analysis of competition formation motives based on "Field Theory", the selection of influencing factors by drawing on Porter's theory of competitiveness, the construction of an assessment model based on the multi-factors weighted comprehensive evaluation method, and an empirical analysis using Nanjing as the research area. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the tourist destination field within a city is composed of three interrelated elements, which are actors, rules, and competition. Under the influence of mainstream social and cultural trends, each tourist destination occupies a certain "position" by relying on the attractiveness formed by various types of capital, and then participates in peer competition within the field. Secondly, the three major influencing aspects of the competitiveness of tourist destinations are element conditions, demand characteristics, and supporting conditions. The key points involved in the three aspects can be summarized into four categories of factors, namely, quality evaluation, popularity level, spatial attractiveness, and emotional cognition, which together constitute the indicator system. Thirdly, there are thirteen tourist destinations in Nanjing that are rated above the average, accounting for about 43% of all the popular destinations. The variation coefficient of competitiveness results is about 35%, indicating a moderate to relatively weak degree of dispersion. Finally, the competitiveness of the thirty hot tourist destinations generally presents a spatial order that gradually weakens in an outward direction from the center zone of the city, forming an overall pattern of cluster groups of well-known tourist destinations in the core of the city, relatively random small clusters in the new main city area, and scattered point distribution in the suburbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traffic planning network (TPN) represents future urban development and holds particular significance for the growth of cities. Although urban morphology (UM) has been applied to traffic networks, there exists a lack of multiscale quantitative research on TPN. From the UM perspective, this paper develops a quantitative framework to achieve the extraction and analysis of multimorphological features of TPNs on spatiotemporal scales. Subsequently, we investigated the morphological evolution of TPNs in Nanjing, China, from the 1980s to the 2020s. The research reveals the following findings: (1) In terms of spatiotemporal scales, the Nanjing TPN exhibits a multicentric agglomeration pattern on a smaller scale, evolving from discrete points to urban belts; on a larger scale, the urban framework transitions from a cross-shaped axis to a circular radial form. The evolution of Nanjing's form zones shows a southward shift of the Core zone and a transition from agglomeration to expansion and then gradual stabilization in the periphery of the Core zone. (2) The quantitative framework we proposed effectively extracts morphological characteristics within TPNs, visualizing the focal points and trends in urban traffic planning. (3) These morphological characteristics create Nanjing's heart-shaped layout, also reflecting the evolution of planning concepts from concentric urban groups to urban–rural integration. Our study enriches research on traffic planning and UM and offers valuable insights for traffic planning in Chinese cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid transformations in land use and land cover (LULC) serve as critical drivers influencing the eco-environmental quality in swiftly urbanizing areas. This study aims to assess and analyze the land-use transfer in Nanjing, China from 2003 to 2023 and its effects on ecological environment quality, utilizing the land expansion intensity (En), the land use composite index (LUCI), the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), and other models. The results show that (1) farmland and forestland decreased significantly, with forestland showing the largest decrease (−20.65%), while construction land showed the largest increase (98.70%), mainly from farmland; (2) the overall RSEI level in Nanjing was relatively high, with a slight decline in fluctuation in the past 20 years. The RSEI values of forest land (0.8786) and farmland (0.8318) were higher, while the construction land (0.3790) and unused land (0.3701) were lower; (3) there was significant correlation (p < 0.05) and spatial autocorrelation between land-use changes and RSEI changes. The RSEI of rural areas was better than that of urban centers. There was a significant negative linear correlation between RSEI and LUCI (R2 = 0.711), a significant positive correlation with the area proportion of farmland, forest land and water, and a significant negative correlation with the area proportion of construction land. (4) Predictions indicate continued declines in farmland and forestland, accompanied by further expansion of construction areas, and the RSEI will continue to decline. It is suggested that forestland and farmland should be protected in the future, the expansion of construction land should be restrained, urban construction and ecological protection should be balanced, and the sustainable and high-quality development of rapid urbanization areas should be maintained by accurate land-use planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a known HPA/HLA genotype platelet donor database in Nanjing, analyze the polymorphism of HPA-1~6w, -15 and HLA-A, -B and evaluate the matching probability and appropriate capacity of the database for platelet matching transfusion. Methods HPA-1~6w, -15 and HLA-A, -B were genotyped by PCR-SSP and PCR-SBT, respectively. The allele frequency and haplotype frequency of HPA-1~6w, -15 and HLA-A,- B were calculated with SHEsis software, and then the matching probability and appropriate capacity were obtained according to the haplotype frequencies. Results The population genetic polymorphisms data of HPA-1~6w, -15 and HLA-A, -B in Nanjing were obtained. According to the subsequent calculating, without considering ABO blood type, in a database size of 527 donors, a patient with haplotype frequency >0.001 has approximate 95% probability to achieve matching of HPA-1~6w, -15 genotype. A database with a total size of 1 875 donors can afford the patient with haplotype frequency >0.001 to find at least 1 HLA-A, -B matched donor in 95% probability. Conclusion We established a local platelet donor database with known HPA and HLA genotype, which also provided important data support for the subsequent construction, maintenance and clinical application of the database.

The association between personality traits on Individual Waste Sorting Behaviour (IWSB) is a research topic that particularly interests psychology, sociology and public administration. The research on this topic is limited, and most research has focused on discussing the correlation between prosocial behaviour and personality traits. As a component of prosocial behaviour, the IWSB plays a significant role in promoting the sustainable development of society. Thus, this paper focuses on investigating and differentiating the quantitative relationship between personality traits and IWSB in China, filling the research gap in the relevant field. Assisted by convenience sampling, the author distributed Chinese residents of community J/K in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to test their performance of IWSB and personality traits with two types of questionnaires created by the Nanjing Municipal Government (called Classification of Domestic Waste in Nanjing which measures the performance of IWSB), and Ashton and Lee (called HEXACO-60 which measures personality traits). With the help of regression analysis, two conclusions could be made accordingly. Firstly, Honesty-Humility/Agreeableness/Consciousness has a positive association with the IWSB significantly, whilst Emotionality/eXtraversion/Openness to experience has a negative association with the IWSB robustly. Secondly, age, education level, annual salary, Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness, and Openness to experience could provide a 17.70% explanation for the variance of the IWSB. Based on the results, three recommendations could be given to promote waste sorting behaviour or improve sustainable waste management practices. At first, people with prominent Emotionality/eXtraversion/Openness to experience performed poorly in IWSB. Therefore, in promoting waste classification, they should be the focus of attention. Afterwards, strengthening the cultivation of Honesty-Humility/Agreeableness/Consciousness in individual personality is conducive to better promoting the popularization of the IWSB. Finally, personality traits can be used to predict a person's performance on the IWSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopted Python language to capture the catering POI in the main urban area of Nanjing from the Amap open platform. And the spatial structure characteristics of the catering industry in the main urban area of Nanjing were explored based on the nearest neighbor table analysis, kernel density estimation method and GIS statistical analysis. With the help of buffer analysis and network analysis, the dining convenience map was drawn, and the per capita dining convenience was analyzed in combination with the population distribution. It is found as follows. ➀ The average interval distance of catering outlets in the main urban area of Nanjing is short, spatial agglomeration presents a large core and multiple small cores, and subdistrict-scale catering density decreases from the center to the periphery. ➁ The average interval distance of snack fast food outlets is the shortest, and that of international catering outlets is the longest. International catering outlets show a single-core agglomeration distribution, outlets of snack fast food, Chinese food and dessert drinks show multi-core distribution. The agglomeration range, the extreme value of kernel density and the distribution density of subdistrict scale from large to small are snack fast food, Chinese food, dessert drinks and international catering. ➂ The overall convenience of dining in the main urban area of Nanj ing is high, among which Chinese food is the most convenient. The matching degree of dining convenience and population distribution is high, the per capita dining convenience is opposite to the overall dining convenience, and the value of per capita dining convenience in the old urban area is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the spatial accessibility dynamics of urban parks and their driving forces from 1901 to 2010 in terms of the dynamic relationships between spatial morphology and road networks, taking Nanjing City as an example. Design/methodology/approach: This study mapped and examined the spatiotemporal distribution of urban parks and road networks in four time points at Nanjing: the 1910s, 1930s, 1960s and 2010s, using the analysis methodology of spatial design network analysis, kernel density estimation and buffer analysis. Two approaches of spatial overlaying and data analysis were adopted to investigate the accessibility dynamics. The spatial overlaying compared the parks' layout and the road networks' core, subcore and noncore accessible areas; the data analysis clarified the average data on the city-wide and local scales of the road networks within the park buffer zone. Findings: The analysis of the changing relationships between urban parks and the spatial morphology of road networks showed that the accessibility of urban parks has generally improved. This was influenced by six main factors: planning implementation, political policies, natural resources, historical heritage and cultural and economic levels. Social implications: The results provide a reference for achieving spatial equity, improving urban park accessibility and supporting sustainable urban park planning. Originality/value: An increasing number of studies have explored the spatial accessibility of urban parks through the relationships between their spatial distribution and road networks. However, few studies have investigated the dynamic changes in accessibility over time. Discussing parks' accessibility over relatively long-time scales has practical, innovative and theoretical values; because it can reveal correlational laws and internal influences not apparent in short term and provide reference and implications for parks' spatial equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between residential patterns and socioeconomic statuses highlights the complex interactions between the economic regime, welfare system, and neighborhood effects, which are crucial in urban inequality studies. With the diversification of the housing demand and supply system, the traditional analysis conducted separately from the ethnic or spatial segregation perspective fails to capture the rising inequalities and changing socio-spatial context. Taking Nanjing as an example, based on a multi-source database including the housing price, residential environmental quality, surrounding support facilities, and mobile phone user portrait data, this paper proposed a modified method for discovering the coupling relationship between residential patterns and socioeconomic statuses. It is found that socioeconomic status contributes to residential spatial aggregation and that the relationship between social and spatial dimensions of residential differentiation is tightly coupled and related. The lower socioeconomic strata were displaced to the periphery and the older urban core, while affluent inhabitants were more likely to settle voluntarily in segregated enclaves to isolate themselves from the general population through more flexible housing options. The heterogeneity of the urban socioeconomic dimension is primarily affected by consumption and occupational status, while housing prices mainly determine the divergence of spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a novel industrial space to cope with global competition, industrial parks have gradually become important growth poles to promote regional development and provide a large number of employment opportunities. This study utilizes mobile phone signaling data to identify the commuting origins and destinations (OD) of different industrial parks in Nanjing while comparing the distribution of the working population, residential population, and commuting patterns across varying types and levels of industrial parks. The level of coordination of the employment–residential system in each park is quantified by calculating the resident commuting index (HSCi), employee commuting index (WSCi), and their coupling coordination degree. Additionally, geographic detectors are employed to identify the influencing factors and interaction effects that impact the employment–residential balance in industrial parks. Results show that industrial parks located in the central urban area attract more residential and working populations. The commuting volume of national and municipal as well as high-tech industrial parks is higher than other types of industrial parks. Most industrial parks experience more inward than outward commuting, and there is an uneven distribution of commuting flows, resulting in a network-like pattern of "central dense, peripheral sparse". Various industrial parks exhibit a highly coupled job–housing system, and those with high HSCi tend to have high WSCi as well. The coupling coordination of industrial parks ranged from 0.16 to 0.93, with 13 being primary coordination or above and 3 being disordered. Industrial parks are classified into three types: employment-oriented, residential-oriented, and employment–residential balanced, with the residential-oriented type being predominant. The density of public transportation stops, park area, and land use mix are the primary factors affecting the employment–residential balance. Industrial parks with larger scale, better land allocation, and higher service facility levels are more likely to achieve coordination in the employment–residential system. Our work utilizes mobile signaling data to characterize the commuting patterns of industrial parks, providing insights for industrial park planning and promoting the integration of industry and city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The travel behavior of urban residents has gradually changed in response to the widespread adoption of ride-hailing services. This paper explores the travel mode choices made by individuals utilizing multiple forms of ride-hailing services. Eight scenarios were established, which considered combinations of activity types (commute or recreation), travel periods (peak or off-peak), and price levels (discounted or normal rates for ride-hailing). Moreover, socio-psychological variables such as perceived value, behavioral intention, and subjective norm were integrated into the analysis. The findings reveal that consumers of ride-hailing services generally exhibit characteristics such as being younger in age, having higher income, lack of car ownership, and having greater experience in using ride-hailing services. Furthermore, the inclusion of socio-psychological variables significantly improved the model's fitness. Travelers exhibit a preference for ride-hailing services in scenarios involving recreational activities, normal travel periods, and discounted ride-hailing prices. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the evolving travel behavior of urban residents in light of the widespread availability of ride-hailing services. The incorporation of socio-psychological factors is essential in comprehending and predicting travel mode choices. The insights derived from this research contribute to a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of and preference for ride-hailing services among urban commuters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cizhen yadiao is a massive qu anthology compiled and engraved by the Hudongtang bookstore in Nanjing during the early Wanli era. This work consists of nine volumes that could be printed and sold respectively; later, they were put together and reproduced into one catalogue with continuous page numbers as a new book entitled Cizhen yadiao. The anthologizing concept of the book is centered on the core of "qu"--the combination of sanqu and dramatic songs, southern songs and northern songs, folk songs and literati lyrics, thereby representing a distinctive characteristic of "songbook and qu library" for use in popular singing. The editorial principle of Cizhen yadiao lies in the classification of occasions, putting similar songs together according to various life scenes in order to make a glossary to satisfy readers' multiple demands. The book's features and selection strategies might be connected with the cultural consumption of the prostitutes' song-singing entertainment in Nanjing during the late Ming. From the perspective of book history and the history of drama, Cizhen yadiao can provide us with a new way of thinking about research on anthologizing and the development of the qu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The layering process of the historic urban landscape (HUL) has spatial and temporal characteristics. With the help of digital technology, building a database to collect and manage spatial information on HUL is an effective research method. Taking Nanjing since the Ming Dynasty (1368–2024) as an example, our paper proposes a framework for constructing a historical geographic information system (HGIS) for HUL. The results show that (1) ancient Chinese historical archives have good potential for use in the construction of historical landscape databases. The HGIS can visualize the evolution of HUL and realize the storage, expression, querying, and analysis of information in different formats. (2) The Republic of China is a turning point in the evolution of Nanjing’s HUL. In terms of spatial evolution, the main distribution areas of urban form and characteristic places, as well as the NACH (normalized angular choice) and NAIN (normalized angular integration) cores of the road network, all moved from the south to the north of the city. In terms of typological evolution, the urban form changes from a predominantly residential area to one that emphasizes residential, administrative, educational and industrial areas. The main types of characteristic places shifted from house gardens, temples and ancestral halls to scenic buildings and public gardens. (3) Political factors, urban planning, commercial ports, and land prices influence the layering process of the HUL. The constructed database guides the preservation of HUL from the digital heritage perspective and the construction of other historical databases with spatial characteristics.

The supply-demand relationship between the daily activities of urban residents and the environment is closely related to the quality of urban life. In the context of the interweaving and overlapping of old and new supply-demand contradictions, as well as the rapid development of new ideas and technologies, the complex supply-demand matching characteristics and influencing mechanisms of urban residents' daily activities and the environment need to be further clarified to provide useful reference for the optimization of urban living space quality. Using the theories of temporal-spatial behavior and space of flows, this study establishes the theoretical framework and measurement index of the supply demand relationship between daily activities and the environment. Based on the utilization of geographical big data, the ANP (Analysis Network Process)-CV (Coefficient of variation) weighting method, Random Forest regression model, and other technical means, an empirical analysis is carried out for the central urban area of Nanjing. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The supply-demand matching relationship between daily activities and the environment presents a composite spatial structure dominated by "center-periphery" relations and supplemented by "circle layer," style with significant polarization. 2) The supply-demand matching mechanism of daily activities and the environment is asymmetrical and non-sustainable. Daily activities are shaped more by the activity environment, in which the social environment plays a major role. At the same time, the trend of mutual promotion between supply and demand often does not lead to sustainable growth. 3) To a certain extent, in the central urban area of Nanjing, the distribution of daily activities and environmental factors, as well as their supply and demand relationships, have issues of one-way agglomeration and disorderly spread as well as the tension and inefficiency of supply and demand matching. A livable and inclusive social environment is the primary driving force affecting the level of daily activities, and the scale and intensity of activities are the main factors driving the enhancement of the environmental quality of activities. 4) The positive supply-demand interaction between daily activities and the environment should be promoted to improve the agglomeration and diffusion benefits of factors in the supply-demand network. According to the stages of the supply-demand development of the daily activities-environment system, flexible and diverse optimization paths should be selected to promote the high-quality sustainable development of supply and demand relations. Overall, this study makes certain innovations in the theoretical exploration and empirical analysis of the matching characteristics and the impact relationship between supply and demand. To match the feature recognition of supply and demand, the absolute level of supply and demand and relative benefit of supply and demand are presented simultaneously. To reveal the influence relationship, the significance, importance, and development trend of the nonlinear influence between supply and demand are thoroughly explored. Compared to related research on community life circles, this study covers the overall activity space of the city and considers different life activities and the multiscale spatial connections between life activities, which can more accurately and comprehensively reflect the panoramic living space of urban residents.

The travel behavior of urban residents has gradually changed in response to the widespread adoption of ride-hailing services. This paper explores the travel mode choices made by individuals utilizing multiple forms of ride-hailing services. Eight scenarios were established, which considered combinations of activity types (commute or recreation), travel periods (peak or off-peak), and price levels (discounted or normal rates for ride-hailing). Moreover, socio-psychological variables such as perceived value, behavioral intention, and subjective norm were integrated into the analysis. The findings reveal that consumers of ride-hailing services generally exhibit characteristics such as being younger in age, having higher income, lack of car ownership, and having greater experience in using ride-hailing services. Furthermore, the inclusion of socio-psychological variables significantly improved the model’s fitness. Travelers exhibit a preference for ride-hailing services in scenarios involving recreational activities, normal travel periods, and discounted ride-hailing prices. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the evolving travel behavior of urban residents in light of the widespread availability of ride-hailing services. The incorporation of socio-psychological factors is essential in comprehending and predicting travel mode choices. The insights derived from this research contribute to a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of and preference for ride-hailing services among urban commuters.

The spatial distribution of Leisure Urban Spaces (LUSs) is closely linked to urban sustainability and residents' quality of life. This study uses the Central Urban Area of Nanjing as the study area. Using POI and AOI data, the locations of LUS were precisely identified and categorized, including parks, squares, waterfront spaces, and leisure blocks. GIS spatial analysis methods, the nearest neighbor index, standard deviation ellipse, and kernel density estimation were used to analyze these spaces' form, directivity, and density. Population activity intensity (PAI) data at various time points, collected by Baidu heat map, are correlated with LUS distribution through multiple linear regression analysis. (1) Parks and squares exhibit significant clustering tendencies, whereas waterfront spaces show weaker clustering, and leisure blocks are randomly distributed; (2) The central points of all types of LUS are located in the city center, extending from southeast to northwest, with parks and squares offering a broader range of services; (3) The overall LUS layout shows a 'core and multiple points' structure, with varying density patterns across different spaces, indicating concentrated and dispersed leisure areas; (4) The correlation between LUS distribution and PAI strengthens throughout the day and is greater on weekends than weekdays. Leisure blocks significantly enhance activity intensity, while parks have a limited effect, and waterfront spaces often show a negative correlation due to their remote locations. These results provide insights for future urban planning in Nanjing and underscore patterns in residents' leisure activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layering process of the historic urban landscape (HUL) has spatial and temporal characteristics. With the help of digital technology, building a database to collect and manage spatial information on HUL is an effective research method. Taking Nanjing since the Ming Dynasty (1368–2024) as an example, our paper proposes a framework for constructing a historical geographic information system (HGIS) for HUL. The results show that (1) ancient Chinese historical archives have good potential for use in the construction of historical landscape databases. The HGIS can visualize the evolution of HUL and realize the storage, expression, querying, and analysis of information in different formats. (2) The Republic of China is a turning point in the evolution of Nanjing's HUL. In terms of spatial evolution, the main distribution areas of urban form and characteristic places, as well as the NACH (normalized angular choice) and NAIN (normalized angular integration) cores of the road network, all moved from the south to the north of the city. In terms of typological evolution, the urban form changes from a predominantly residential area to one that emphasizes residential, administrative, educational and industrial areas. The main types of characteristic places shifted from house gardens, temples and ancestral halls to scenic buildings and public gardens. (3) Political factors, urban planning, commercial ports, and land prices influence the layering process of the HUL. The constructed database guides the preservation of HUL from the digital heritage perspective and the construction of other historical databases with spatial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social capital plays a crucial role in enhancing community resilience during flood disasters. This study investigates the influence of social capital on community resilience in Nanjing, China. Social capital is composed of five aspects: cohesion, collective efficacy, sense of belonging, trust and reciprocity and informal social control. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis are employed to analyze the dimensions of social capital and its impact on community resilience. Our results demonstrate that social cohesion and collective efficacy are the most representative factors of social capital. Reformed housing communities typically have higher cohesion than those in commercial and affordable housing. Affordable housing communities in flood-prone areas have higher collective efficacy but lower trust and reciprocity. Commercial housing communities have higher informal social control but have great internal differences in collective efficacy. We strongly urge government decision makers to enhance flood resilience by fostering social capital within local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the unique spatial arrangement of the capital (Nanjing) and imperial mausoleum (Xiaoling) in fourteenth-century China. According to Confucian principles and traditional practices, the location of tombs should be separated from the space of the living for philosophical and emotional reasons. However, this convention was challenged by the Hongwu emperor (1368–1398), founder of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), who built his own imperial mausoleum, Xiaoling, within the confines of the capital, an unprecedented act. According to primary sources—ritual texts, gazettes, tour books, and poetry—this innovative capital–mausoleum plan suggests an extension of the pattern by which the Hongwu emperor honored his ancestors through spatial arrangements and incorporated the imperial ancestors into dynasty-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study acknowledges the growing importance of international student mobility and examines the relational well-being of international students at Hohai University in Nanjing, China. Understanding the complexities of interactions among international students is essential for their well-being and the university's overall success, since this tendency continues to increase. By examining the distinct possibilities and problems faced by international students at Hohai University and considering elements including cultural distinctiveness, the campus environment, interpersonal dynamics, and support networks, the study fills a research void. For this purpose, 150 international students at Hohai University participated in semi-structured interviews and 10 participants participated in unstructured interviews as part of the mixed-methods approach to obtain in-depth information. Hence, the descriptive data were analyzed using SPSS and qualitative analyses were performed using NVIVO. According to preliminary findings derived from quantitative data, important results emphasize the significant impact of homesickness (0.143, T value: 5.931) and the positive correlation of relational well-being (0.146), highlighting their significance. The effect of the language barrier is also significant (0.125, T value: 4.378), whereas loneliness has little bearing (0.011, T value: 0.847). Additionally, the highest concern of the international students (M = 8.35; SD = 1.43) was making connections with local students. Additionally, (M = 8.21; SD = 1.15) international students favored Hohai University, which provided a welcoming atmosphere for intercultural dialogue. The Foreign Student Office, social events, cultural exchange programs, counseling services, and peer support networks are just a few examples of the support structures and networks crucial to international students' general well-being. At the same time, the cultural hurdles, including the language barrier and loneliness, seemed to be the challenge. The study concludes by shedding light on the relational well-being of international students at Hohai University and highlighting the importance of community-building and supporting actions. The results provide insightful information that will help the institution better respond to the particular difficulties that international students encounter, creating a more welcoming and stimulating atmosphere. This study establishes the foundation for further research in comparable contexts and advances our understanding of relational well-being in the context of experiences for overseas students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone pollution shows a trend of increasing, but the potential contribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to ozone formation in the vertical direction is still unclear. The vertical distribution characteristics of VOCs and its impact on ozone formation were studied based the enhanced sounding data in the lower troposphere (0-1000 m) from October 17 to November 15, 2020 observed in the northern suburbs of Nanjing city, Jiangsu province. The results show that the volume fraction of VOCs ((73.4±26.1)×10-9 (50.4±20.3)×10-9) decreases with the increase of height, and alkanes account for the largest proportion (64.3%-71.6%) at each height, and the proportion of olefin (3.4%-9.9%) gradually decrease with the increase of height; there is no significant change in the proportion of aromatics, halohydrocarbons and acetylene; the VOCs accumulate in the lower layer in the morning and evening with a great gradient, and the proportion of alkane increases due to the traffic emissions and lower boundary layer; the VOCs profiles are uniform in the afternoon. Affected by atmospheric junction, the alkanes and olefin dominate the photochemical reactions in the mixing layer, with the loss rate of OH radicals (LOH) of 3.3 and 2.7s-1, accounting for 42.8% and 35.1%, respectively; alkanes and aromatics are the dominant species in the stable boundary layer and residual layer. The LOH and ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs in the afternoon mixing layer are positively correlated with the ozone volume fraction, which represent the relationship between local VOCs and ozone; however, there is no significant correlation between LOH, OFP and ozone in the stable boundary layer and residual layer in the morning; the contributions of VOCs components with high reaction activity to OFP are occurred in the low layer, and ethene and propene are the representative components; alkane makes greater contribution to the photochemical generation of ozone in the upper atmosphere, and the analysis result of X/E ratio reflects higher aging and the characteristics of regional atmospheric. Limiting chemical plant emissions, and improving vehicle emission standards and fuel quality, are the key to improve ozone pollution in Nanjing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International students play an important role in the global competition for talents and exchange and cooperation between different culture, thus more attention shall be paid on the integration of international students to the local society. Through in-depth interviews and observations of nightlife scenes in Nanjing, this study analyzes the urban nightlife experiences and self perceived social integration of international students from a multi-disciplinary perspective, revealing their spatial social behavior and social and spatial integration or separation in different nightlife scenes. The results are as follows: ① International students can gain a sense of satisfaction in their nightlife, expand their social networks, deepen their understanding of local society, thereby enhancing their subjective perception of social connections, life satisfaction, and understanding of the host culture, which has a significant impact on their social integration; ② Overreliance on the same cultural group can lead to separation from the local community, and Western students have a higher degree of integration than Korean students; ③ Having a richer nightlife experience and the coexistence of entertainment and educational properties supported by local students enables international students to have a higher degree of integration; ④ Dense and safe nightlife venues can enhance the nightlife experience of international students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-dominated urban ecosystems have encroached on native habitats, positioning urban parks as crucial sanctuaries that support bird diversity conservation. Bird communities tend to act as significant indicators of habitat quality. Birds play a key role in generating soundscapes in urban environments, where a healthy acoustic environment is essential not only for human well-being but also serves as a core focus for environmental monitoring and landscape enhancement. Previous studies have pointed out that acoustic indices have great advantages and strong feasibility for long-term environmental monitoring. However, few studies on the comparative analysis of bird diversity across urban parks subject to varying degrees of urbanization have been published in this field. In this study we recorded the springtime soundscape across 8 urban parks in Nanjing (China) from March to April 2023 for 10 hours each day. Six acoustic indices of Acoustic Complexity Index, Acoustic Diversity Index, Normalized Difference Soundscape Index, Bioacoustic Index, Acoustic Entropy Index and Power Spectral Density were used to quantify the monitoring results. To investigate the influence of vegetation habitats on bird activity, we utilized K-means clustering analysis to categorize the parks based on their developmental gradient, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to simplify the dimensions of 12 vegetation factors. The results revealed that the distribution of birds in urban parks is a complex interplay of variables including the gradient of urban development, the functions of park plots, and the characteristics of vegetation habitats, among others. Day-to-day, human and bird activities show similarities, yet birds' responses to urban environments vary by location. The daily movement of visitors exerts a discernible influence on park birds, even those adapted to urban life. In instances of heightened human activity, birds demonstrate a proclivity for seeking refuge in less disturbed areas, and their activity space tends to be concentrated on higher plants. Vegetation communities in areas of high human disturbance are found to provide substantial support to bird habitats. Specifically, vegetation communities featuring tall trees or ground cover that form buffer zones have a significant positive effect on weakening the impact of human activities on bird communities. In terms of monitoring bird diversity with acoustic indices, Bioacoustic Index and Acoustic Diversity Index show more consistent performance, rendering them more reliable than other acoustic indices.

The identification of influencing factors (IFs) of land surface temperature (LST) is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate global warming and conducting other relevant studies. However, most previous studies ignored the potential impact of interactions between IFs, which might lead to biased conclusions. Generalized additivity models (GAMs) can provide more explanatory results compared to traditional machine learning models. Therefore, this study employs GAMs to investigate the impact of IFs and their interactions on LST, aiming to accurately detect significant factors that drive the changes in LST. The results of this case study conducted in Nanjing, China, showed that the GAMs incorporating the interactions between factors could improve the fitness of LST and enhance the explanatory power of the model. The autumn model exhibited the most significant improvement in performance, with an increase of 0.19 in adjusted-R2 and a 17.9% increase in deviance explained. In the seasonal model without interaction, vegetation, impervious surface, water body, precipitation, sunshine hours, and relative humidity showed significant effects on LST. However, when considering the interaction, the previously observed significant influence of the water body in spring and impervious surface in summer on LST became insignificant. In addition, under the interaction of precipitation, relative humidity, and sunshine hours, as well as the cooling effect of NDVI, there was no statistically significant upward trend in the seasonal mean LST during 2000–2020. Our study suggests that taking into account the interactions between IFs can identify the driving factors that affect LST more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skyrocketing housing prices in Chinese metropolises have generated broad concerns. Recent studies have moved beyond hedonic approaches considering housing attributes, location, and neighborhood by introducing urban structure and amenities as factors in housing prices. However, the role of amenities is often simplified, and the influence of urban structure is explored mainly using distance to CBD or concentric rings. This study more carefully examines the role of amenities in determining housing prices through a case study of Nanjing, China, adopting the self-organizing map and spatial regime modeling using remote sensing and point-of-interest data. We find that the regime of urban structure sways the hedonic factors' significance and positivity. Amenities play a double role in housing markets, as they act both as a determinant of housing price and an indicator of urban structure. Our study provides an improved framework of housing prices, which is applicable to studies of other cities. It also suggests that public policies should consider amenities more carefully to make cities more polycentric and livable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on leisure walking among older adults have received extensive attention from various areas such as public health, medicine/prevention, sports, geography, architecture, urban/transportation planning, and leisure, as they focus on various themes, including the health benefits of walking, walking behavior surveys, walking behavior, and influencing factors. In such an information-dense study, the duration and frequency of walking are proven to be critical indicators used to evaluate physical activity and are widely applied to provide an essential basis for health interventions for older adults. Leisure walking is the most common activity among older adults in China and is generally performed daily. However, studies on leisure walking among older adults in China remain lacking, leading to the urgent need for additional empirical studies. This study attempted to build a framework for the factors influencing the duration-frequency pattern of daily leisure walking among older adults using the ecological model theory, which could be used as instructions for the case studies. This study was performed using 1,285 samples of leisure walking behavior of older adults in Nanjing. Multivariate logistic regression and other methods were used to explore the duration and frequency pattern of daily leisure walking and its influencing factors among older adults in Nanjing. The results showed that: 1) even though most older adults in Nanjing have not reached the physical activity level recommended by the World Health Organization. In general, the duration and frequency of daily leisure walking among older adults in Nanjing is characterized by "medium duration and high frequency", with the medium and high duration accounting for 75.02% and the medium and high frequency accounting for 89.96%, and the duration and frequency pattern of leisure walking differed among groups. 2) Certain factors commonly influence the duration and frequency pattern of daily leisure walking among older adults in Nanjing, including individual social factors, such as gender, family structure, and residence time in Nanjing, and psychological factors, such as walking preference, walking motivation, perception of personal constraints, and walking behavior intention. 3) The study reports differential factors, including health conditions, negotiation efficacy, and perceived constraints of the built environment, that could affect the duration pattern of daily leisure walking for older adults. The study reports that age and monthly personal income were the main factors influencing the variable frequency pattern of daily leisure walking among older adults. Based on the above study, theoretical and practical implications for facilitating leisure walking participation among older adults in China are discussed.

Objective To explore the model of "One Core, Multiple Elements" emergency blood donation volunteer team (referred to as the Model) . Methods The Nanjing City Voluntary Blood Donation Joint Meeting serves as the core, with diverse entities including party committees, government departments, district governments, social organizations, enterprises, blood donors, etc. Following the principles of "emergency response in emergencies, wartime readiness, combining regular and wartime efforts," and adhering to the framework of the Model, the emergency blood donation volunteer team system in Nanjing was constructed. Results 1) After the construction of the Model (2018—2022), the total number of emergency blood donation volunteers in Nanjing City increased by 191% compared to the pre-construction period (2013—2017), with an average annual blood donation of 20 929, showing significant differences (P

City image is an important element in the design of urban features. Big data from social media has become a new way to perceive city image characteristics. Taking Nanjing (China) as a case study, we use social media data from the “Little Red Book” and “Sina Weibo” (similar to Twitter in China) and employ deep learning methods, multisource data semantic analysis, sDNA, and geographically weighted regression to analyze three aspects: the spatial distribution of hotspots, perception characteristics, and influencing factors. The hotspots are located in Nanjing’s old city, centered on Confucius Temple, and extend outward in a circular pattern. Regarding perception characteristics, the key characteristics that define the old city are “heritage monuments”, “long history”, and “culture”. The high functional perception area converged around the central urban area. The spatial distributions of closeness and betweenness under traffic perception showed opposite trends; emotional perception was mainly positive. Compared with visual and emotional perception, functional and traffic perception have greater impacts on city image hotspots. Our study constructs a model of city image perception from a new perspective. This approach bridges the gap that traditional city image research focuses only on objective environment descriptions and lacks subject-object relationship analysis, which can provide scientific value for decision makers in urban design management.

The urban cemetery is the material carrier of citizens' view of life and death, and it also evolves with time as a special part of the urban form. Since the reform of the housing system in the 1990s, China has entered a period of rapid urbanization, and the urban cemeteries has entered a cycle of shock and accelerated transformation. The cemeteries originally located on the urban fringe were gradually surrounded by new built-up areas as the city sprawled, and then most of them inevitably migrated outward under the pressure of urban population explosion and land shortage. Taking Nanjing as an example, this paper presents the morphological evolution of Nanjing's urban cemetery since the early 20th century, discusses the relationship between the evolution of the cemetery and the urban fringe belt, and analyzes the reasons for its evolution. The different types of morphological evolution of Nanjing cemetery are further summarized, revealing the general law and its Chinese particularity. The article concludes with a discussion of the value and significance of morphological research on urban cemeteries in China.

At present, the continuous improvement of urban residents' quality of life puts forward higher requirements for exploring the supply and demand of leisure walking. Against this background, this study focuses on leisure walking, taking the 15-minute community life circle as the space-time scope to re-examine the cumulative health effect of leisure walking as physical activity. Additionally, this study constructs a research framework to highlight the comprehensive benefits of leisure walking, including space-time opportunity and health promotion. Based on the research framework, this study uses comprehensive survey data from relevant communities in Nanjing to conduct an empirical study on the characteristics and influencing factors of leisure walking. The results show that the leisure walking of most residents makes it difficult to obtain comprehensive benefits, including space-time opportunity and health promotion. The built environment of the 15-minute community life circle significantly affects leisure walking based on the comprehensive benefits of space-time opportunity and health promotion. Specifically, the dense distribution of walkable paths has a promoting effect on overall residents and residents based on age and income stratification. In contrast, high-density population distribution and living locations far from the city center have an inhibitory effect. In addition, dense parks, high green coverage, and good public space accessibility positively affect stratified residents. The influence of individual attributes involves three aspects: socioeconomic attributes, health status, and family socioeconomic attributes. Specifically, overall or stratified residents with flexible and abundant leisure time and family members' accompanying behavior are more likely to participate in leisure walking and obtain more health benefits in a shorter space-time range. However, affected by the limited leisure time and poor physical condition, overall or stratified residents with a higher level of personal monthly income, families with children (

As a novel industrial space to cope with global competition, industrial parks have gradually become important growth poles to promote regional development and provide a large number of employment opportunities. This study utilizes mobile phone signaling data to identify the commuting origins and destinations (OD) of different industrial parks in Nanjing while comparing the distribution of the working population, residential population, and commuting patterns across varying types and levels of industrial parks. The level of coordination of the employment–residential system in each park is quantified by calculating the resident commuting index (HSCi), employee commuting index (WSCi), and their coupling coordination degree. Additionally, geographic detectors are employed to identify the influencing factors and interaction effects that impact the employment–residential balance in industrial parks. Results show that industrial parks located in the central urban area attract more residential and working populations. The commuting volume of national and municipal as well as high-tech industrial parks is higher than other types of industrial parks. Most industrial parks experience more inward than outward commuting, and there is an uneven distribution of commuting flows, resulting in a network-like pattern of “central dense, peripheral sparse”. Various industrial parks exhibit a highly coupled job–housing system, and those with high HSCi tend to have high WSCi as well. The coupling coordination of industrial parks ranged from 0.16 to 0.93, with 13 being primary coordination or above and 3 being disordered. Industrial parks are classified into three types: employment-oriented, residential-oriented, and employment–residential balanced, with the residential-oriented type being predominant. The density of public transportation stops, park area, and land use mix are the primary factors affecting the employment–residential balance. Industrial parks with larger scale, better land allocation, and higher service facility levels are more likely to achieve coordination in the employment–residential system. Our work utilizes mobile signaling data to characterize the commuting patterns of industrial parks, providing insights for industrial park planning and promoting the integration of industry and city.

The relationship between residential patterns and socioeconomic statuses highlights the complex interactions between the economic regime, welfare system, and neighborhood effects, which are crucial in urban inequality studies. With the diversification of the housing demand and supply system, the traditional analysis conducted separately from the ethnic or spatial segregation perspective fails to capture the rising inequalities and changing socio-spatial context. Taking Nanjing as an example, based on a multi-source database including the housing price, residential environmental quality, surrounding support facilities, and mobile phone user portrait data, this paper proposed a modified method for discovering the coupling relationship between residential patterns and socioeconomic statuses. It is found that socioeconomic status contributes to residential spatial aggregation and that the relationship between social and spatial dimensions of residential differentiation is tightly coupled and related. The lower socioeconomic strata were displaced to the periphery and the older urban core, while affluent inhabitants were more likely to settle voluntarily in segregated enclaves to isolate themselves from the general population through more flexible housing options. The heterogeneity of the urban socioeconomic dimension is primarily affected by consumption and occupational status, while housing prices mainly determine the divergence of spatial distribution.

Urban community renewal is committed to improving the material, socioeconomic, and cultural environments of the community and satisfying people's pursuit of a better life. However, there are various contradictions and problems in the process of urban renewal practice, which restrict the positive effects of community renewal, including the improvement of residents' happiness. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of the community renewal process on residents' well-being, focusing on old communities with special social, historical, and cultural backgrounds in China. Taking a typical community in Nanjing as an example, based on data such as field research and questionnaire interviews, a structural equation model is used to construct a multidimensional framework. The influence of environmental changes brought about by community renewal on residents' subjective well-being is discussed from the two dimensions of material and social environment. The study draws three main conclusions: (1) In the dimension of material environment, community renewal significantly improves the subjective well-being of residents by effectively improving the material environment of the community. In addition, community renewal, as a proactive intervention on environmental conditions, promotes residents' community participation, and then improves their well-being through a mediating effect. (2) In the dimension of social environment, community renewal directly improves residents' subjective well-being by increasing community cohesion and trust. Adopting a community-centered, bottom-up approach to community renewal can improve community cohesion, enhance residents' resilience and well-being, as well as their willingness to give back to the community. The interactive mode of community belonging and identity, followed by the mediating effect of community cohesion and neighborhood interaction can stimulate community participation and indirectly improve subjective well-being. Good neighborhood interaction enables residents to establish behavioral attitudes that care about public affairs and interests. Neighborhood interaction also bring about information sharing, and the sharing of participation channels and effects can also drive more people to participate in community construction, thereby enhancing their sense of well-being. (3) The personal attributes of residents also have an impact on subjective well-being. Among the control variables in this study, health, age and income had a positive and significant effect on well-being. Self-rated health has the most significant positive impact on subjective well-being, followed by age and income. From the perspective of community social capital, this study explores the optimization of the social environment through the mediating role of community participation in the process of urban community renewal and community physical environment transformation. By understanding the emotional experiences and neighborhood evaluations of residents in the process of participating in community construction, the impact path of urban community renewal on their subjective well-being is revealed. This research will help to provide a basis for community renewal from different levels such as community renewal planning and management, social organization and promotion of community renewal, and so on. Such an approach will help realize the comprehensive optimization and improvement of the physical and social environment of the community, enhance the social capital of the community and the active participation of residents, reduce the negative impact of the renewal process, and improve the resident identity and sustainability of the renewal.

Examining the spatial characteristics and accessibility of cultural facilities, such as art institutions, is crucial for understanding the lifestyles of citizens. With the increasing utilization of multi-source data in geographical studies, new opportunities have arisen for investigating the development of cultural facilities in urban areas. Consequently, this article investigates the spatial dynamics of art institutions in urban development, using Nanjing, a historic city, as a case study. The study obtained a total of 260,392 points of interest data for Nanjing in 2018 and 2022 from the GaoDe map API console. By employing network analysis and the two-step floating catchment area method, the geostatistical findings reveal that the distribution of art institutions in Nanjing has become more balanced over time. For instance, the research indicates that the proportion of residents able to reach art exchange institutions within a 30-min travel time increased from 75% in 2018 to 90% in 2022. However, the distribution of art training institutions remains more concentrated compared to art exchange institutions. Furthermore, the spatial arrangement of art institutions does not entirely align with the distribution of demand points, indicating the potential for further optimization. In conclusion, this study has significant implications for understanding the accessibility, social justice, and urban planning in Nanjing. The government should pay attention to the cultural demands of marginalized communities, promote social justice and cultural inclusiveness by increasing the accessibility of cultural facilities.

The provision of newly constructed parks in urban areas offers numerous benefits to residents but also gives rise to the phenomenon of green gentrification. Accurately defining the extent of park services, examining the characteristics of gentrification resulting from new parks, and identifying the key park features that contribute to gentrification are crucial for research. This study employs network analysis tools to determine the service area of new parks and utilizes data on the attributes of new parks in the central urban area of Nanjing, residential transaction data, POI data, and census data. A canonical correlation analysis is conducted to explore the canonical correlation between the characteristics of green gentrification and the attributes of the new parks. The findings reveal that the housing price premium, the proportion of high-end commercial places and the proportion of elderly population were the typical characteristics of green gentrification, with the correlations of −0.896, −0.530 and 0.415, respectively. In addition, park service facility density, park service facility type, park area and park perimeter are the key park characteristics that were easy to cause gentrification, and the correlations with the typical characteristic variables of newly built parks were 0.742, 0.657, −0.594 and −0.570, respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that the house price premium best reflects the characteristics of green gentrification, while small parks with robust service capabilities can help mitigate the effects of green gentrification. The research findings provide novel strategies for alleviating gentrification resulting from the construction of new parks.

This study investigates the cultural and political implications of urban landscapes in Song Dynasty China through a case study of Nanjing's greenspace. The increasing urban population and thriving city-centred culture prompted urban greenspaces in Nanjing to assume additional social and cultural functions, contributing to the multi-level and multi-functional development of the city's greenspaces under commercialised and popularised aesthetics and landscaping theories. Meanwhile, under the political principle of 'sharing the pleasures with the public', the imperial court and local officials attached importance to landscaping, using urban gardens as a tool to achieve political and cultural control and social edification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential mobility serves as a pivotal determinant in reshaping urban social spaces and driving spatial differentiation and segregation within cities. This study harnesses a rich dataset from surveys and the housing market in Nanjing, China to dissect the spatial distribution patterns of its mobile population. Employing the Mantel Test—a novel approach in this context—we assess the interplay between spatial shifts in residential locations and the socio-demographic attributes of individuals, thereby shedding light on the socio-spatial dynamics across various migration categories. Our findings underscore a pronounced trend in the post-2000 era of China's housing marketization: residential migrations occur predominantly within a five-year cycle. The decay in migration distances aligns with the migration field formula, suggesting a systematic attenuation of mobility over spatial extents. The study identifies a strong congruence between the mobility rings—zones of frequent residential movement—and the micro-level characteristics of residents, reflecting the nuanced fabric of urban stratification. Furthermore, we unveil how macro-level institutional frameworks and the housing market milieu substantially shape and limit the migration frequency, hinting at the overarching impact of policy and economic landscapes on residential mobility patterns. The paper culminates by articulating the underlying dynamics of urban residential migration, providing a comprehensive account that contributes to the discourse on sustainable urban development and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research aims to explore early concrete bridges in China, especially those from 1950s to 1970s, as a form of modern heritage. It asserts that there are inherent contradictions in how these bridges were perceived over half a century later. Although this may affect their listing as cultural heritage, it also makes them a representative case for a decentered approach to modern heritage not only at an international level, but also within a particular national context. In a country still building concrete bridges of ever‐increasing scales, early concrete bridges in China, despite their age, are seldom considered as cultural heritage. However, while historically and technologically these bridges were close to the everyday lived experiences, they are often more difficult to research than older, pre‐1949 buildings and structures. This is not only because of the lack of readily available archives, but also that these bridges, especially the iconic "double‐curved" bridges, which were politicized during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), represented an important period in modern Chinese history that is still politically sensitive and contested, possessing cultural values that mean vastly different things for different people. This is illustrated by the case study of three bridges in Nanjing: the Yangtze River Bridge of Nanjing, arguably the most famous Chinese bridge in the twentieth century; the Little Egret Bridge (Bailu Bridge), an early double‐curved bridge, which is said to be a prototype of the former; and the Xiaolingwei Experimental Bridge, an important landmark in the development of the double‐curved bridge but entirely forgotten after the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. Accounts from before, during, and after the Cultural Revolution provide very different narratives about the process of their design and construction. Their different geographical locations and different associations with this turbulent and contested period of modern Chinese history also affects their conservation status today. All these factors combined make these bridges an exemplar of dissonant modern heritage that, although situated in a Chinese context, has important lessons globally for our understanding of the impact and legacies of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing prices have skyrocketed in China's major cities, resulting in a lack of housing affordability and intensifying urban inequality. Taking college graduates, migrant workers, and low-income families as the representatives of vulnerable populations in urban housing, this paper analyzes their preferences and barriers toward affordable housing programs in Nanjing, China. We find that China's affordable housing development and policies still lag far behind the need of vulnerable populations, and there is a mismatch between affordable housing needs and preferences. Rural migrants without local household registration (hukou) who need housing subsidies the most are significantly disadvantaged in current affordable housing policies focusing on local low-income families. Our regression analysis provides insight into the main dissatisfactions and barriers to affordable housing projects and identifies that the policy issues rather than the supply side are the most critical factors. Although migrant workers show a greater preference for affordable housing than other vulnerable populations, they are largely shut out because of exclusionary affordable housing policies. More efforts are needed to improve affordable housing projects, and affordable housing policies should consider the heterogeneous housing preferences of vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book collection activities in ancient China usually were damaged by various disasters such as flooding, fire, insects, mildew, and theft. The protection of books consequently became the core of collecting books and has featured prominently in the study of book collecting in ancient China as well. The protection of books consequently became the core in the collection of books, the spotlight in the study in the book collections history in ancient China as well. Book collectors in six prefectures in Nanjing and Jiangnan provinces emerged in succession in the Ming Dynasty and commonly advocated the necessity to protect books. To protect beloved books, they not only summarized their book-collecting practices but also developed many useful methods of protecting books, including book binding and repair, the arrangement of bookshelves, use management, fire prevention, waterproofing, insect resistance, mildew resistance, and theft prevention. Those methods are worthy of attention and learning for future generations. For those reasons, this article focuses on six prefectures in Nanjing and Jiangnan provinces during the Ming Dynasty, an area and era that marked a brilliant achievement in the collection of books. In view of the frameworks and safety protocols of libraries, the proper collection and use of literature, and the ordinarily protection and mending of books, et al., the article investigates the skills and considerations of past book collectors and come up a comprehensive conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban cemetery is the material carrier of citizens' view of life and death, and it also evolves with time as a special part of the urban form. Since the reform of the housing system in the 1990s, China has entered a period of rapid urbanization, and the urban cemeteries has entered a cycle of shock and accelerated transformation. The cemeteries originally located on the urban fringe were gradually surrounded by new built-up areas as the city sprawled, and then most of them inevitably migrated outward under the pressure of urban population explosion and land shortage. Taking Nanjing as an example, this paper presents the morphological evolution of Nanjing's urban cemetery since the early 20th century, discusses the relationship between the evolution of the cemetery and the urban fringe belt, and analyzes the reasons for its evolution. The different types of morphological evolution of Nanjing cemetery are further summarized, revealing the general law and its Chinese particularity. The article concludes with a discussion of the value and significance of morphological research on urban cemeteries in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban shadow areas, formed by long-term unbalanced and inadequate development during the rapid process of urbanization, are of great significance to a city's overall development. However, relatively little attention has been paid to identifying and characterizing urban shadow areas. Drawing upon a dataset on urban morphology and cellular signaling, and taking Nanjing as a case study, this paper proposes a method to identify urban shadow areas from the perspective of people flows. The empirical results show that there are 19 urban shadow areas within the downtown areas of Nanjing, 11 of which are distributed in the old downtown areas and the rest are relatively scattered in the periphery. As for morphological characteristics, these urban shadow areas differ from each other in terms of indicators such as building density and development intensity. Moreover, the empirical results show that these urban shadow areas are not isolated but closely connected with other parts of Nanjing. Based on the different spatio-temporal distribution patterns of their connections, the 19 urban shadow areas are divided into four types, and the characteristics of each type have been investigated by analyzing a representative shadow area. It is suggested that policies aiming to eliminate the negative effects of urban shadow areas should consider heterogeneity in their spatial distributions within a city, the temporal distribution of their external connections, and their dominant functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geological disaster risk assessment serves as a crucial foundation for the risk management and control of such risks, playing a significant role in the scientific prevention and control of geological disasters. This study focuses on Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and employs historical disaster point density and other influencing factors to evaluate the susceptibility of geological disasters. Rainfall is utilized as the triggering factor for conducting probability assessments. By considering the comprehensive vulnerability of the affected areas, the study analyzes and defines the high, medium, and low-risk zones for geological disasters. The findings reveal that high-risk zone primarily concentrates on populated piedmont slopes, including Laoshan, Mufu Mountain, Zijin Mountain, Qixia Mountain, and Qinglong Mountain, covering an area of 51.3 km2, accounting for 0.8% of the total area. Medium-risk zone is mainly located in areas with relatively concentrated populations in low mountains and hills, covering an area of 371.9 km2, accounting for 5.6% of the total area. Low-risk zone is more widely distributed, occupying the remaining low mountains and hills, covering an area of 1740.1 km2, accounting for 26.4% of the total area. The research results can effectively support disaster prevention, mitigation efforts related to geological disasters, and contribute to land space planning.

Social capital plays a crucial role in enhancing community resilience during flood disasters. This study investigates the influence of social capital on community resilience in Nanjing, China. Social capital is composed of five aspects: cohesion, collective efficacy, sense of belonging, trust and reciprocity and informal social control. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis are employed to analyze the dimensions of social capital and its impact on community resilience. Our results demonstrate that social cohesion and collective efficacy are the most representative factors of social capital. Reformed housing communities typically have higher cohesion than those in commercial and affordable housing. Affordable housing communities in flood-prone areas have higher collective efficacy but lower trust and reciprocity. Commercial housing communities have higher informal social control but have great internal differences in collective efficacy. We strongly urge government decision makers to enhance flood resilience by fostering social capital within local communities.

Constructing a resilient ecological network (EN) and identifying critical strategic nodes and corridors within the EN, stands as a pivotal approach toward achieving a harmonious equilibrium between regional development and ecological conservation. It is imperative to expand the perspective to encompass the holistic resilience of the EN, thus identifying and safeguarding ecologically strategic nodes and corridors that play pivotal roles throughout the entire network. Therefore, this study takes Nanjing City as a case study and establishes a comprehensive EN resilience assessment framework based on resilience theory and complex network theory, grounded in a foundation of multidimensional indicators. Building upon this, the research develops the ‘regional network simulation - ecological spatial analysis - strategic spatial identification’ investigative framework. The results show that a core EN structure centered around green spaces, rivers, lakes, and similar features has taken shape, encompassing a total of 39 ecological nodes and 69 ecological corridors. Examining from six perspectives, connectivity, integration, complexity, centrality, efficiency, and substitutability, and their integrated assessment, this study analyzed the impact of single and sequential failures in different EN component spaces on the overall resilience of the EN. The study aimed to identify the component space that significantly contributes to the network's resilience. As a result, the strategic space of the EN was divided into three levels. The ecological source areas 1, 2, 7, and 34, along with ecological corridors 1–34, 1–4, 4–11, 19–34, 18–19, and 27–39, emerge as the primary strategic spaces within the study region. Previous research primarily emphasized the individual characteristics of ecological spaces. However, this study adopts a systemic perspective rooted in resilience theory and complex network theory to meticulously explore the pivotal impact of specific ecological spaces on the overall resilience of the ecological system network. Moreover, it amalgamates considerations of both the significance and scale of ecological spaces, conducting a comprehensive assessment of their combined influence on the overall EN resilience. This approach not only aids in identifying and preserving strategic ecological nodes and corridors but also contributes to evaluating, planning, and restoring regional EN resilience. This progression plays a crucial role in establishing an equilibrium between regional advancement and ecological conservation.

The urban landscape pattern, which can affect the air pollutants distribution in urban areas, was significantly changed due to the expansion of built-up land. Deeply understanding of the mechanisms by which urban landscape pattern influence the PM2.5 concentration distribution is fundamental for urban pollution control. However, the relationship between the built-up land landscape pattern and PM2.5 concentration distribution is still unclear at different grid scales in different seasons. In this study, four landscape metrics were calculated to quantify the distribution characteristics of built-up land in Nanjing, and the impact of built-up land landscape pattern on PM2.5 concentration distribution at different grid scales in different seasons were further analyzed. Results showed that the dominant landscape pattern metrics affecting PM2.5 concentration in different areas of Nanjing were closely related to the topography: in the main urban areas with flat terrain, the aggregation, shape, and proportion of built-up land significantly affected PM2.5 concentration, while the influence of the shape and proportion of built-up land was more noticeable in the hilly southwest suburbs. The effect of built-up land landscape pattern on PM2.5 concentration in winter was more significant than that in summer in general, and the relatively greater seasonal differences in this effect can be seen in the aggregation and proportion of built-up land. With the grid increasing, the correlation between the built-up land landscape pattern and the PM2.5 concentration distribution increased in the main urban areas but mostly decreased in the southwest suburbs, indicating that the PM2.5 concentration distribution in the main urban areas was mostly contributed by spatial transmission of pollutants, while the PM2.5 concentration distribution in the southwest suburbs was mostly dominated by local emissions. We suggest that the planning of flexible urban strategies with respect of PM2.5 pollution control in different areas should be implemented considering the influence of topography.