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Meat and processed meat products are important sources of nutrients for humans because they contain proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. However, the majority of residents in Sayang Village, Jatinangor, Sumedang lack of knowledge to understand the type of meat that is halal, safe, and high quality. This program aims to educate community of the halal systems and product quality of meat. The method used is presentations, discussions, and training about how to make sausages and shred meat through videos. The outcomes of the program showed that the PKK team in Sayang Village, learned more about the quality of meat as well as proper methods for processing and storing meat so that nutrition is preserved. Additionally, partners can keep raising awareness of the value of the fresh meat quality and halal products that will be made into high-protein foods for family.

Starch can be found in the stems, roots, fruits, and seeds of plants such as sweet potato, cassava, corn, potato, and many more. In addition to its original form, starch can be modified by reducing its size. Starch nanoparticles have a small size and large active surface area, making them suitable for use as fillers or as a reinforcing material in bioplastics. The aim of reinforcing material is to improve the characteristics of bioplastics. This literature study aims to provide in-depth information on the potential use of starch nanoparticles as a reinforcing material in bioplastic packaging. This study also reviews starch size reduction methods including acid hydrolysis, nanoprecipitation, milling, and others; characteristics of the nano-starch particle; and methods to produce bioplastic and its characteristics. The use of starch nanoparticles as a reinforcing material can increase tensile strength, reduce water vapor and oxygen permeability, and increase the biodegradability of bioplastics. However, the use of starch nanoparticles as a reinforcing material for bioplastic packaging still encounters obstacles in its commercialization efforts, due to high production costs and ineffectiveness.

Adlay starch has great potential as a cereal starch, but it has several weaknesses, namely a low swelling volume, low solubility, and low stability. The purpose of this study was to improve the characteristics of adlay starch, such as porosity, functional properties, and pasting properties, through starch modification using freeze moisture treatment (FMT) and ozonation. This study consisted of several treatments, namely FMT, ozonation, and a combination of FMT + ozonation. The results show that the FMT and ozonation generally increased water absorption capacity, swelling volume, solubility, and number of pores of the starch granule. The pasting properties showed an increase in the viscosity of the hot paste and caused a decrease in the gelatinization temperature, breakdown, and setback viscosity. FMT 70% + ozonation produced modified adlay starch with a porous granular surface, swelling volume value of 21.10 mL/g, water absorption capacity of 1.54 g/g, a solubility of 9.20%, and an increase in the amorphous structure but did not cause the emergence of new functional groups. The combination of FMT + ozonation was effective in improving the functional, pasting, and physicochemical properties of adlay starch.

The liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic and lipidomic methodology has great sensitivity and can describe the fingerprint of metabolites and lipids in pork and beef. This approach is commonly used to identify and characterize small molecules such as metabolites and lipids, in meat products with high accuracy. Since the metabolites and lipids can be used as markers for many properties of a food, they can provide further evidence of the foods authenticity claim. Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is used to separate lipids and metabolites from meat samples. The research data usually is compared to lipid and metabolite databases and evaluated using multivariate statistics. LC-MS instruments directly connected to the metabolite and lipid databases software can be used to assess the authenticity of meat products. LC-MS has good selectivity and sensitivity for metabolomic and lipidomic analysis. This review highlighted the combination of metabolomics and lipidomics can be used as a reference for analyzing authentication meat products.

Propolis has known as an aromatic resin which possesses several health beneficial properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant due to bioactive and its complex composition. Propolis has been utilized in the form of extract; however, the application in food is limited due to its insolubility in water and undesirable sensory characteristics. Encapsulation of propolis using spray drying method with addition maltodextrin with or without arabic gum could reduce the undesirable sensory characteristic, protect bioactive compounds, and increase its availability in water-soluble matrices. The total bioactive compounds were evaluated before and after the drying process in order to know the ability of matrices wall to protect it. Physical properties such as hygroscopicity and surface structure were evaluated. Maltodextrin and arabic gum ratio affect phenolic content which is in a range of 0.0425–0.0445%, and also flavonoid content in a range of 0.00273–0.00415%. The coating agent ratio also affects the hygroscopicity which is in a range of 12.01–14.06% and moisture content which is in a range of 4.65–7.71%. The SEM images show that the cracks and hollows are often on the microcapsule surface, but the particle size is more homogeneous.

Industri perikanan yang berdaya saing adalah industri perikanan yang mampu mendorong tumbuhnya sektor ekonomi perikanan dengan kemandirian bahan baku. Skema industri dengan memperhatikan kekuatan stok bahan baku perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebutuhan bahan baku industri pengolahan serta proyeksi kebutuhan 2025 dari nilai pertumbuhan kebutuhan bahan baku industri pengolahan UMKM dan industri besar. Data dikumpulkan dari pengambilan sampel 2010-2015 dengan teknik purposive sampling yang mewakili provinsi dan jenis industri pengolahan. Data tahun 2015-2019 diperoleh dari data monitoring KKP dan laporan dari industri pengolahan. Data yang diperoleh dianalis dengan statistik inferensia dengan pemodelan dari pola distribusi data yang ada. Model distribusi data yang paling mendekati digunakan sebagai model proyeksi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan bahan baku ada kecenderungan selalu meningkat dengan pertumbuhan bahan baku 6,07% per tahun, pertumbuhan kebutuhan bahan baku industri tumbuh 2,25 persen pertahun dan UMKM 0,57% pertahun. Dari model proyeksi sampai 2025, maka kebutuhan bahan baku kekurangan 5,9 juta 2019 sampai 9,9 juta ton tahun 2025. Kekurangan mendorong tumbuhnya industri budidaya perikanan untuk memperkuat kebutuhan bahan baku pengolahan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kekurangan bahan baku dapat diatasi dengan produksi budidaya, perlunya mengembangkan pengolahan dengan jenis ikan bahan baku dari spesies yang berbeda, dan perlunya menyiapkan skema penguatan stok bahan baku melalui gudang pendingin untuk jangka panjang.

Industri perikanan yang berdaya saing adalah industri perikanan yang mampu mendorong tumbuhnya sektor ekonomi perikanan dengan kemandirian bahan baku. Skema industri dengan memperhatikan kekuatan stok bahan baku perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebutuhan bahan baku industri pengolahan serta proyeksi kebutuhan 2025 dari nilai pertumbuhan kebutuhan bahan baku industri pengolahan UMKM dan industri besar. Data dikumpulkan dari pengambilan sampel 2010-2015 dengan teknik purposive sampling yang mewakili provinsi dan jenis industri pengolahan. Data tahun 2015-2019 diperoleh dari data monitoring KKP dan laporan dari industri pengolahan. Data yang diperoleh dianalis dengan statistik inferensia dengan pemodelan dari pola distribusi data yang ada. Model distribusi data yang paling mendekati digunakan sebagai model proyeksi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan bahan baku ada kecenderungan selalu meningkat dengan pertumbuhan bahan baku 6,07% per tahun, pertumbuhan kebutuhan bahan baku industri tumbuh 2,25 persen pertahun dan UMKM 0,57% pertahun. Dari model proyeksi sampai 2025, maka kebutuhan bahan baku kekurangan 5,9 juta 2019 sampai 9,9 juta ton tahun 2025. Kekurangan mendorong tumbuhnya industri budidaya perikanan untuk memperkuat kebutuhan bahan baku pengolahan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kekurangan bahan baku dapat diatasi dengan produksi budidaya, perlunya mengembangkan pengolahan dengan jenis ikan bahan baku dari spesies yang berbeda, dan perlunya menyiapkan skema penguatan stok bahan baku melalui gudang pendingin untuk jangka panjang.

Starch-based biodegradable films have been studied for a long time. To improve starch properties and to increase film characteristics, starch is commonly modified. Amongst different types of starch modifications, oxidation and heat moisture treatment are interesting to explore. Unfortunately, review on these modifications for film application is rarely found, although these starch modifications provide interesting results regarding the starch and film properties. This paper aims to discuss the progress of research on oxidized and heat moisture-treated-starch for edible film application. In general, both HMT and oxidation modification on starch lead to an increase in film’s tensile strength and Young’s modulus, suggesting an improvement in film mechanical properties. The elongation, however, tends to decrease in oxidized starch-based film, hence more brittle film. Meanwhile, HMT tends to result in a more ductile film. The drawback of HMT film is its lower transparency, while the opposite is observed in oxidized films. The observation on WVP (water vapor permeability) of HMT starch-based film shows that the trend of WVP is not consistent. Similarly, an inconsistent trend of WVP is also found in oxidized starch films. This suggests that the WVP parameter is very sensitive to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Starch source and its concentration in film, film thickness, RH (relative humidity) of film storage, oxidation method and its severity, plasticizer type and its concentration in film, and crystallinity value may partly play roles in determining film properties.

Wastewater produced from cheese industry is rich in biological component such as whey protein, fat and lactose. Whey protein is the residual liquid of cheese making process with a high protein efficiency ratio. The wastewater source used in this study was whey liquid from cheese processing industry located at West Java, Indonesia . Conversion of soluble whey protein into whey protein microparticle is required to produce food with nutritional value that can be adjusted to the needs of the specific target with high digestibility and palatability. Whey protein was collected by separation technique through heat treatment at specific condition. This was done by changing the heat treatment condition and pH of the samples. Changing the pH of the samples before heat treatment affect the ionic strength of the whey protein h ence, a ltering the properties of the concentrate . This study aims to produce whey protein concentrate heated at various pH level and to observe physicochemical and functional properties of the concentrates. The method used in this research was a descriptive method conducted on three treatments and two replications namely whey protein concentrate production in a pH condition 6.4; 6.65; and 7.0. The parameters observed were physicochemical and functional properties. Furthermore, the result showed that there were decrease in protein content, along with the increasing pH before heat treatment. Microstructure image (SEM) showed a finer particles with the increasing pH. Meanwhile, solubility of the rehydrated samples tend s to increase along with the increasing pH. The measurement of functional properties of the samples showed that denatured whey protein produced at different pH before heat treatment ha ve different water holding capacity and a tendency to form bonds between protein particles t hereby increasing the viscosity value. These physicochemical and functional properties were suitable for denatured whey protein to be used as a texture controller in whey protein based-food production.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of encapsulant materials on the stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger extract powder during storage and determine the composition of the encapsulant materials which produced red ginger extract powder with best stability of bioactive compounds during storage. This study consisted of three compositions of encapsulant materials which are maltodextrin:gum arabic with ratio 10:0, 8:2, and 5:5. The results showed that several compositions of encapsulant materials produced different stability of bioactive compounds of red ginger extract powder. Based on the study result, increasing amount of gum arabic used had better protection to the stability of bioactive compounds of the powders during storage.

Walur (Amorphophallus campanulatus var. sylvestris) merupakan salah satu komoditas lokal sebagai sumber karbohidrat yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat produk mie dan cookies dari tepung walur yang sudah direduksi oksalatnya sebagai pensubstitusi tepung terigu. Eksperimen dilakukan dalam rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan perlakuan persentase substitusi tepung walur yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan, yaitu 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dalam pembuatan mie dan 5 taraf perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan, yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% dalam pembuatan cookies . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk mie dengan persen substitusi tepung walur 30% dan produk cookies dengan persen subtitusi tepung 50 % masih dapat diterima secara sensori. Kata kunci : tepung walur, mie, cookies

Xylitol, a low-calorie sugar made up of five carbon atoms, had the valuable characteristics suitably applied for pharmaceutical and food industries. This sugar can be produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) through hydrolysis and followed by fermentation. The xylitol in the fermentation broth requires the downstream process to obtain the final product with high purity and yield. Among a series of xylitol downstream process, crystallization becomes a critical step since this process determines the properties of final products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of evaporation temperature (55°C and 70°C) and seeding addition (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1 %) in the crystallization step on the physicochemical properties of xylitol crystals obtained from the OPEFB hydrolysate. The main evaluation criteria were crystal contents, purity, melting point, water content, hygroscopicity, solubility, caloric content, and crystal xylitol yield. The result showed that the crystal form obtained was relatively sticky and had lower purity than commercial ones because the concentration of xylitol solution increased after evaporation. The differences of physicochemical properties of the crystals such as the purity, porosity, yield and crystal form were influenced by evaporation temperature. The crystals formed by 70°C evaporation temperature produced the crystals with higher caloric value and purity, but it had lower hygroscopicity and moisture content than crystals formed by 55°C. However, the percentage of seeding gave an insignificant impact on xylitol crystal properties.

Cocoa shell and cocoa husk are the waste from the processing of cocoa beans whose utilization has not been done optimally. The cocoa shell and cocoa husk contain phytochemical compounds which are potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food products. The aim of this study is to find the ratio of cocoa shell extracts and cocoa husk extracts that most effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. The method used experimental research followed by Randomized Block Design Factorial Pattern with 9 treatments and 3 replication. The treatment consists of two factors. The first factor was 3 types of extract (1:1, 2:3 and 3:2) and the second factor was 3 bacteria types (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp). The result showed that the extract mixture of cocoa shell and cocoa husk didn’t provide interaction effects, but provided an independent effect to inhibit the various types of bacteria. The comparison of 3:2 w/w of cocoa shell and cocoa husk extract contain phenol 0.063% and flavonoid 0.0191% gave the most effective inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli with a diameter of inhibition zone 5.84 mm (resistant), Staphylococcus aureus 4.04 mm (resistant) and Salmonella sp. 21.00 mm (sensitive) and was able to reduce the total bacteria of Escherichia coli 7.67 log CFU/ml (6.19%), Staphylococcus aureus 7.06 log CFU/ml (13.65%) and Salmonella sp. 6.49 log CFU/ml (20.62%). Phytochemical tests showed that cocoa shell extract and cocoa husk extract containing phenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tannin, and alkaloid.

This research aimed to use conventional and modern extraction methods for extraction of C. domestica and C. xanthorrhiza oleoresins. For this purpose, maceration, Soxhlet, and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) were implemented to extract oleoresins. All the extraction method used acetone as a solvent with the ratio of ground spices to solvent was 1:5 (w/w). The results showed that the Soxhlet extraction method gave the highest oleoresin yield of C. domestica (18.89 ± 0.68%) and C. xanthorrhiza (14.70 ± 0.62%). Maceration method gave the highest curcumin yield of 49.52 ± 0.63% and 15.82 ± 0.27% for C. domestica and C. xanthorrhiza oleoresins, respectively. Meanwhile, the oleoresin obtained from the UAE method gave the lowest residual solvent on both C. domestica (16.00 ± 4.67%) and C. xanthorrhiza (15.66 ± 3.33%) oleoresins. C. xanthorrhiza oleoresin obtained from maceration tends to show the best colour, while the best colour of C. domestica oleoresin obtained from UAE. Propylene glycol had the best solubility for C. domestica oleoresin, while C. xanthorrhiza oleoresin was soluble in all solvents.

Honey is believed as functional food. Honey is very viscous fluid and make it difficult to flow. Rheological properties of honey is an important parameter to control and process design in food industry where honey used as food ingredients. Rheology is the study of flow and deformation properties of a material when pressure given to it intentionally or naturally. The majority of fluid foods had flow behavior best modelled with power law model which divide fluid into three models: Newtonian and non-Newtonian (Dilatant and Pseudo plastic). The purpose of this study was to examine the rheological characteristics of honey and the effect of temperature on viscosity as well as knowing how accurate the rheological model used (Power Law) to analyze the fluidity properties of honey. The method used is an experimental method with a descriptive analysis. The results showed that the honey used in this study has showed pseudo plastic flow properties with a flow behavior index value of 0.95 ( τ = 6318.46 γ 0.947 ) . Effect of temperature on the viscosity of honey showed that the viscosity of honey decreases with increasing temperature and best modeled with Arrhenius equation ( μ = 1.05 × 10 − 10 e 76.01 1 8.314 T ) . The results of honey flow simulation through the vertical glass tube transport system showed a very high degree of accuracy when compared with the actual results (99.57 %).