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This chapter pivots on Ce-based catalysts’ employment in numerous catalytic applications glancing at the foremost commercial technologies due to their high abundance in the earth's crust. Ceria - CeO2 is considered the most stable oxide which confirms that Ce3+ prefers the oxidation state than the Ce4+ oxidation state. This is also known as oxygen - storage capacity. CeO2 shows good photocatalytic activity. This chapter explores the important properties of Ce and CeO2 with a comparison of their bulk properties with their properties at the nanoscale. Further, different synthesis processes of Ce and CeO2 nanoparticles have been discussed. Later, the chapter addresses the mechanism of photocatalysis using CeO2 nanoparticles. Further, the chapter discusses applications and studies of doped CeO2 based photocatalysts, and we will try to display a brief rundown of emerging technologies in the ongoing field to encourage further reading.&nbsp