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Rice husk carbon by-product from the industrial combustion is a promising source to produce a vast amount of activated carbon adsorbent. This research prepared rice husk-activated carbon adsorbent by varying the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution (5, 10, 15, 20 % w/v) and activation time (2, 4, 6, 8 hours). Fourier-transform infrared spectral characterization (FTIR) indicated a significant effect before and after activation, especially the presence of hydroxyl groups. Based on the iodine adsorption, the specific surface area of the produced-activated carbon was approximately 615 m2/g. Experimental results showed that increasing potassium hydroxide concentration and activation time increases the water vapor adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. Compared with the rice husk carbon, the KOH-activated carbon enhanced the water vapor adsorption capacity to 931%. In the adsorption observation, changing the temperature from 15 to 27 ℃ caused a higher water vapor uptake onto the activated carbon. Two adsorption kinetics (pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models) were used to evaluate the adsorption mechanism. This research found that rice husk-activated carbon performed a higher water vapor adsorption capacity than other adsorbents (silica gel, zeolite, and commercially activated carbon).

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) is a new renewable energy technology that converts H2O into hydrogen and oxygen gas with the help of sunlight. A photoelectrochemical cell device consists of three main components, one of which is the photoanode. One of the materials that can be used as a photoanode is ZnO which has good electrical properties and is non-toxic. Nanorods-structured ZnO has the advantage of being able to increase light absorption due to its high surface area. However, the resulting performance is still quite low. So it is necessary to make modifications to the photoanode, one of which is by adding aluminium material to ZnO NRs, which has the potential to increase the conductivity of PEC in the production of H2 and O2 in H2O. To overcome the loss of samples during testing, the thin film will be coated with conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANi), which has high conductivity, can increase photoactive ability, and has good corrosion resistance. In this study, the performance of ZnO NRs/PANi against AZO NRs/PANi will be studied by adding aluminium. The ZnO nanorods were synthesized by Hydrothermal method, Aluminium was deposited on ZnO NRs by DC Magnetron Sputtering method, and PANi was synthesized by polymerization method. From the XRD characterization results, it can be concluded that the addition of aluminium to ZnO NRs/PANi causes an increase in crystallinity and peak shift. SEM characterization shows that the addition of Al to ZnO NRs/PANi causes the porosity value to increase. In addition, UV-Vis characterization showed that the addition of Al material to the ZnO NRs/PANi thin film resulted in a wider range of absorbance of the light spectrum. Then, Cyclic Voltammetry test shows that the addition of aluminium increases the efficiency of the photoelectrochemical.

ZnO nanorods (NRs) are piezoelectric materials used as nanogenerators because of their ease of synthesis, nontoxicity, low production costs, good electrical properties, and suitable flexibility for human movement as a source of mechanical energy. ZnO NRs are usually doped or composited with other materials to enhance their properties. Here we discuss the effect of the aluminum (Al) doping of ZnO using the hydrothermal method and subsequent coating with NiO to form a p–n junction in a nanogenerator application. According to XRD characterization, Al doping caused a shift in the ZnO NRs diffraction peaks toward a larger angle and a decrease in the diameter of the NRs. The doping of Al and NiO composites could also widen the bandgap. Moreover, current and voltage characterization results showed that the nanogenerator output power was 14.8 µW, which reached saturation (19.5 µW) at 4 % doping. Therefore, Al doping can improve the output power of the nanogenerator compared with pure ZnO.

Microalgae Spirulina sp which has been cultivated by the Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center, Situbondo Indonesia were tested for their potential energy performance using proximate analyzer, SEM-EDX, and thermogravimetry. The proximate analyzer showed volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), moisture, ash content (AC), total sulfur of microalgae Spirulina sp 68.15, 12.57, 11.22, 8.06, and 0.67 (wt%, ar), respectively, and the gross calorific value (GCV) is 4971 kcal/kg (dry basis). SEM-EDX test showed the morphology and chemical content of Spirulina sp. The content of microalgae Spirulina sp is dominated by carbon (C) and oxygen (O), then followed by chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), potassium (K), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P). Thermogravimetry pyrolysis test of microalgae Spirulina sp resulted thermogravimetry (TG) analysis and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis curve, which is divided into three different steps. The moisture of microalga Spirulina sp was vaporized at the first step, started at 27°C, and finished at 173°C with a decomposed mass of about 13.81% of the total initial mass. The second step began at the end of vaporize moisture at about 173°C and ended at around 618 °C. The gasification process occurred in volatile matter content and resulted mass loss of about 57.9% of Spirulina sp total mass. The last step showed the process of gasification of residual substances, started at the end of the volatile matter step, 618°C, and stopped at 995°C with a decomposed mass of 24.6% from total mass.

A photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy stored in the form of hydrogen and oxygen. The n-type semiconductor that shows promising potential as a PEC cell device is known as ZnO. ZnO in the form of nanorods (NRs) is considered capable of increasing the conversion efficiency of PEC performance due to the large surface area. However, in the energy conversion process, the photoactive layer of the PEC cell corrode easily in the electrolyte solution, reducing the stability of the current produced and shortening the lifetime of the PEC cell. In this study, the stability improvement using solid electrolytes in photoelectrochemical technology was studied. Yttria Stabilized Zirconia is a type of solid electrolyte that has high mechanical properties and ionic conductivity. Activation of YSZ powder at various temperatures is considered very instrumental to the efficiency of the PEC cell device. XRD, SEM-EDX, and UV–Vis characterized the samples. For efficiency measurement through I–V testing, it is equipped with photodetectors such as photoresponse of current and voltage as well as photostability. The higher the YSZ activation temperature, several results were obtained, the larger ZnO NRs/YSZ particle size, the lower the thickness of the film, the higher the absorbance value, and the smaller the band gap. In addition, sample agglomeration occurs at the temperature with the lowest activation and sample response when irradiated enough. Finally, the efficiency of the cell increases, namely at the YSZ activation temperature of 1400 °C, where 1% is produced.

Dependence on the need for electrical energy on PLN will undoubtedly require a high cost. Energy independence around the PPPI Al-Ittihad hut as a partner can minimize expenses and realize an Islamic life based on information technology and independence in energy. This problem has prompted the Malang State University community service team to install solar panels at PPPI Al-Ittihad based on smart PLTS that can be monitored in real-time. This installation serves as a source of electrical energy to meet the electricity needs of PPPI Al-Ittihad. Community service is carried out by observing, calculating load requirements, making designs, installing solar cell systems, and installing solar panel systems. The electricity generated by the smart PLTS is used for the daily needs of PPPI Al-Ittihad. Besides that, the PLTS could be the renewable energy learning media for students and IoT-based information technology. The installation of PLTS is very useful for PPPI Al-Ittihad, which has a daily power load of 4 kWh to reduce the estimated cost of electricity consumption which previously depended on PLN.

Tourism village is one of the tourism concepts currently being activated and has attracted many people. Many benefits are obtained, such as increasing local government income, helping the community's economy around the tourism area, and empowering local communities for its management. One tourist attraction that has superior potential is Dilem Wilis Edutourism in Dompyong Village, Trenggalek Regency. Dilem Wilis tourist destination offers a reasonably wide natural Dutch Heritage. However, the vastness of the tourist area that is not in line with the management makes some tourist rides unable to be enjoyed as a whole. In this community service activity, efforts to develop Dilem Wilis Edutourism are carried out through several stages. The landscape 3D model was designed with sketchup software then fabricated with synthetic material of 1:300 scale. The results of this development stage are realized in a tangible form. There are the manufacture of 3D model of the landscape and the installation of LED strip lights that are useful for attracting tourists to visit because access to lighting is adequate, and the delivery of regional mapping is well conveyed through the Dilem Willis Eduwisata landscape 3D model.

This research highlights the three-step hydrothermal synthesis of N-CQD and its effect on the physical properties and photocatalytic activity of ZnO/N-CQD compared to ZnO commercial and the prepared ZnO nanoflower. The physical and optical properties of photocatalysts were conducted to investigate the correlation with photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible light. During 30 min, MB concentration decreased to 80% by the prepared ZnO/N-CQD. This result showed superior activity compared to ZnO commercial and ZnO nanoflowers. Considering the high photocatalytic performance of ZnO/N-CQD, it can be further used as an efficient photocatalyst for organic pollutant removal from aqueous.

In this study, the double-layered Aurivillius phases CaBi2Ta2O9 (CBT) and PbBi2Ta2O9 (PBT) were prepared through a hydrothermal route with NaOH as a mineralizer. XRD analysis confirmed that the CBT and PBT compounds were successfully formed and adopted an orthorhombic crystal structure with an [Formula: see text]21am symmetry. Le Bail refinements of XRD data indicated that the unit cell volume of CBT was smaller than PBT and is associated with the smaller ionic radius of [Formula: see text] compared to [Formula: see text]. The surface morphology of both samples, as determined using SEM, demonstrated plate-like grains with anisotropic grain growth. It was found that the different ionic radii of [Formula: see text]-site cations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] strongly affected the structural, optical and electrical properties of the Aurivillius phase. The occupation of smaller [Formula: see text] cations induced a higher structural distortion, which resulted in higher bandgap ([Formula: see text] energy and ferroelectric transition temperature ([Formula: see text] of CBT, compared to those of PBT.

This paper presents the development of Smartphone app for monitoring the heart rate, which used as a tool for life-based learning. The app featured life-based experiments for undergraduates' students through do-it-by-your-self activities. This app was developed with Firebase to create a heart rate monitoring system interface as well as a framework for life-based experiments. Also, this app had video features as learning resources. We used an experimental method to evaluate the proposed system of learning. The subjects were 30 undergraduate students who were separated into two groups. Based on our survey, student learning outcomes increased by 35 percent compared to conventional experiments.

This paper presents a new heuristic method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in PV systems under normal and shadowing situations. The proposed method is a modification of the original queen honey bee migration (QHBM) to shorten the computation time for the maximum power point (MPP) in PV systems. QHBM initially uses random target locations to search for targets, in this case, MPP. So, we adjusted it to be able to do MPP point quests quickly. We accelerated the mQHBM learning process from the original randomly. We had fairly compared the mQHBM with several heuristics. Simulations were carried out with 2 scenarios to test the mQHBM. Based on the simulation results, it was found that mQHBM was able to exceed the capabilities of other methods such as original QHBM, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and perturb and observe (P&O), ANN, gray wolf (GWO), and cuckoo search (CS) in terms of MPPT speed and overshoot. However, the accuracy of mQHBM cannot exceed QHBM, ANN, and GWO. But still, mQHBM is better than PSO and P&O by about 15% and 18%, respectively. This experiment resulted in a gap of about 2% faster in speed, 0.34 seconds better in convergence time, and 0.2 fewer accuracies.

Abstract This study performs natural sand-based synthesis using the sonochemical route for preparing Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were dispersed in water as a carrier liquid to form Zn-doped magnetite aqueous ferrofluids. Structural data analysis indicated that the Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles formed a nanosized spinel structure. With an increase in the Zn content, the lattice parameters of the Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles tended to increase because Zn2+ has a larger ionic radius than those of Fe3+ and Fe2+. The existence of Zn–O and Fe–O functional groups in tetrahedral and octahedral sites were observed in the wavenumber range of 400–700 cm–1. The primary particles of the Zn-doped magnetite ferrofluids tended to construct chain-like structures with fractal dimensions of 1.2–1.9. The gas-like compression (GMC) plays as a better model than the Langevin theory to fit the saturation magnetization of the ferrofluids. The ferrofluids exhibited a superparamagnetic character, with their magnetization was contributed by aggregation. The Zn-doped magnetite ferrofluids exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. It is suggested that the presence of the negatively charged surface and the nanoparticle size may contribute to the high antibacterial activity of Zn-doped magnetite ferrofluids and making them potentially suitable for advanced biomedical.

The consumption of electrical energy grows alongside the development of global industry. Generating energy storage has become the primary focus of current research, examining supercapacitors with high power density. The primary raw material used in supercapacitor electrodes is activated carbon (AC). To improve the performance of activated carbon, we used manganese dioxide (MnO2), which has a theoretical capacitance of up to 1370 Fg−1. The composite-based activated carbon with a different mass of 0–20% MnO2 was successfully introduced as the positive electrode. The asymmetric cell supercapacitors based on activated carbon as the anode delivered an excellent gravimetric capacitance, energy density, and power density of 84.28 Fg−1, 14.88 Wh.kg−1, and 96.68 W.kg−1, respectively, at 1 M Et4NBF4, maintaining 88.88% after 1000 test cycles.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of modeling instruction based on a system for improving student’s understanding of energy concepts on high school students. This Research was a mixed-method design with an embedded experimental model. The subject of this study was the 62 students of 11th grade, at Senior High School in Nganjuk, Indonesia. Modeling instruction based on system learning could significantly improve students' understanding of concepts better than conventional learning. Based on the calculation of the effectiveness of learning using N-gain obtained for 0.33 (medium or low medium category) for the treatment class and 0.18 (low category) for the control class. It concluded that improved students' conceptual understanding of the treatment class was better than the control class. This research also was identified student’s difficulties especially in differentiating forces and work. Students propensity to use p-prime in solving problems rather than using energy theorems.

To date, the search for creating stable ferrofluids with excellent properties for biomedical application is one of the challenging scientific and practical investigations. In this study, novel Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrid ferrofluids from iron sand were synthesized using a double-layer method. The Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites exhibited stable crystallite sizes of 11.8 12.1 nm and 36.8–37.2 nm for Fe3O4 and Ag, respectively. The lattice parameters of the spinel structure Fe3O4 and face-centered cubic Ag were respectively 8.344 Å and 4.091 Å. With increasing Ag amount, the crystallite phase of Ag in the nanocomposites increased from 40.2% to 77.2%. The XPS results confirmed that Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites were successfully prepared, where Fe3O4 mixed well with Ag via strong ionic bonding. The FTIR results confirmed the presence of Fe3O4/Ag, oleic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide as the filler, first layer, and second layer, respectively. The as-prepared ferrofluids exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, where the saturation magnetization decreased with increasing Ag content. The Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrid ferrofluids exhibited excellent antimicrobial performance against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. More importantly, the Fe3O4/Ag nanohybrid ferrofluids decreased the progression of liver fibrosis-related inflammation and fibrogenic activity on hepatic stellate cells.

In this study, we report the synthesis of the magnetite/silica nanocomposites and their structural and functional groups, magnetic properties, morphology, antimicrobial activity, and drug delivery performance. The X-ray diffraction characterization showed that magnetite formed a spinel phase and that silica formed an amorphous phase. The particle sizes of magnetite increased from 8.2 to 13.2 nm with increasing silica content, and the particles were observed to be superparamagnetic. The nanocomposites tended to agglomerate based on the scanning electron microscopy images. The antimicrobial activity of the magnetite/silica nanocomposites revealed that the increasing silica content increased the inhibition zones by 74%, 77%, and 143% in case of Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), and fungus (C. albicans), respectively. Furthermore, doxorubicin was used as the model compound in the drug loading and release study, and drug loading was directly proportional to the silica content. Thus, the increasing silica content increased the drug loading owing to the increasing number of OH− bonds in silica, resulting in strong bonds with doxorubicin. Based on this study, the magnetite/silica nanocomposites could be applied as drug delivery vehicles.

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa setelah dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran guided inquiry berbantuan PhET. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed method dengan desain embeded eksperimental model. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 35 mahasiswa pendidikan fisika Universitas Negeri Jambi yang sedang menempuh mata kuliah Fisika Dasar II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan skor kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa setelah dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran guided inquiry berbantuan PhET dengan N-gain dalam kategori sedang dan effect size dalam kategori kuat. Jika dilihat dari daya beda pretest dan posttest didapatkan nilai t sebesar 12,48 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Hasil ini menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah sebelum diajarkan dan setelah diajarkan guided inquiry berbantuan PhET berbeda secara signifikan dengan nilai posttest lebih baik dari pretest. The aim of this study is to know the ability of student’s problem solving after studied with guided inquiry and PhET simulations. This study used mixed method with a design of the embedded experimental model to get result of research. The subjects are 35 students of physics education in Jambi University who learning basic physics. The result shows that scores of students problem-solving ability increase after learned with guided inquiry assisted PhET with N-Gain in the medium category and the effect size in the high category. If viewed from different pretest and posttest show t values 12,48 and 0,000 significance. These results indicate that skill of problem-solving before and after learned with collaborate guided inquiry and PhET significantly different with the value of posttest is better than the pretest.

Abstract: Isomorphic problems are problems having different feature but same concept. Isomorphic problems can help students to identify concepts and the relevant information in problem solving process. The purpose of this study are to know student’s problem solving skills, to know the student’s difficulties in solving isomorphic problems, and to know the effect of isomorphic problem on student’s problem solving skill. This research used a mixed methods approach with the embedded design. The study was conducted on XI grade SMAN 5 Malang consist of 32 students. Physics concepts that were studied are simple harmonic motion. Key words: isomorphic problems, problem solving skill, simple harmonic motion Abstrak: Permasalahan isomorfik adalah permasalahan yang memiliki perbedaan besaran dalam soal namun memiliki konsep sama. Permasalahan isomorfik dapat membantu siswa mengidentifikasi konsep dan informasi yang relevan dalam proses pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilan pemecahan masalah siswa, kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan isomorfik, dan pengaruh permasalahan isomorfik terhadap keterampilan pemecahan masalah siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan embedded design. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas XI IPA 5 SMAN 5 Malang dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 32 siswa. Konsep fisika yang dipelajari adalah gerak harmonis sederhana. Kata kunci: permasalahan isomorfik, keterampilan pemecahan masalah, gerak harmonis sederhana

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe changes in in heat material with authentic learning based- inqury. The samples used in this study were students as many as 28 students. This study used mixed methods with embedded experimental design. Data collection techniques with observations, tests, and interviews. Data analysis through the stages of data reduction, coding, data presentation, and conclusions then with N-gain Score. The results of research is students' understanding of concepts to increase with the category of understanding some concepts. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan perubahan penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada materi kalor dengan pembelajaran authentic learning berbasis inqury. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian sebanyak 28 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed methods dengan desain embedded experimental. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Data dianalisis dengan tahapan reduksi data, coding, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan sekaligus dilengkapi dengan N-gain Score. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu kemampuan konsep peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dengan kategori memahami sebagian konsep.

Abstract: Aim of this study is to explore Senior High School student’s concepts understanding on one and two dimensional motion. This study is quantitave non-experiment using survey. The instrument was multiple choice test contains concepts understanding on one and two dimensional motion. Sample of this study are 113 students from grade XI and XII SMA Negeri in Bojonegoro. Result shows, conceptual understanding of students on one and two dimensional motion is low and misconception are found. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi penguasaan konsep gerak satu dan dua dimensi siswa SMA. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif non-eksperimen dengan metode survei. Instrumen pengukuran berupa soal tes penguasaan konsep berbentuk pilihan ganda. Tes diberikan pada 113 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas XI dan XII SMA di Bojonegoro. Hasil penelitian didapatkan penguasaan konsep gerak satu dan dua dimensi siswa rendah dan ditemukan kesalahan konsep.

Abstract: This research was aimed to explain the effect learning model and gender on the critical thinking capabilities in static fluid topic. The research design was used descriptive and quasi-experimental. The learning models was used discovery learning and schoology-assisted discovery learning. The research data was obtained from the posttest of critical thinking capabilities on senior high school students. The results of this study indicate a difference in critical thinking capabilities based on the learning model. Gender factors and interaction of learning models with gender do not give a difference to critical thinking capabilities. The result of this study indicates that only learning models which effect to critical thinking capabilities in static fluid topic. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh model pembelajaran dan jenis kelamin terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis pada fluida statis. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan eksperimen semu. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model pembelajaran discovery learning dan discovery learning berbantuan schoology. Data penelitian diperoleh dari posttest kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pada kemampuan berpikir kritis berdasarkan model pembelajaran. Faktor jenis kelamin dan interaksi model pembelajaran dengan jenis kelamin tidak memberikan perbedaan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa hanya model pembelajaran yang berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis pada fluida statis.

Abstract: This research aimed to examine influence of integrative learning and guided inqury learning on concept achievement and critical thinking of students. This research used a quasi-experimental with posttest only control group design. The results showed there were differences on concept achievement and critical thinking skills of students after learned with integrative learning and guided inquiry. The concept achievement and critical thinking of students who learned with integrative learning are higher than students who learned with guided inqury. Key Words: concept achievement, critical thinking, integrative learning Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji adanya pengaruh pembelajaran integrative learning dan pembelajaran guided inquiry terhadap penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan postest only control group design. Ha-sil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang belajar dengan integrative learning dan guided inquiry. Penguasaan konsep dan ke-mampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran integrative learning lebih tinggi di-bandingkan dengan siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran guided inquiry. Kata kunci: integrative learning, kemampuan berpikir kritis, penguasaan konsep

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of experiential learning model on mental model category of students. The method used mixed method design of embedded experimental model with quantitative and qualitative approach. The subject of class XI IPA-A (n = 30) in SMAN 3 Malang. The data collection using the instrument is 9 essay questions. The data were analyzed using effect size and N-gain. Obtained results with mental model category of surface, matching, and deep type. The result shows that the influence of experiential learning model on student's mental model is strong with the effect size value obtained 3.81. As for the mental model changes the students are moderate because the N-Gain value is 0.53. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh model pembelajaran experiential learning terhadap kategori model mental siswa. Metode yang digunakan mixed method desain embedded experimental model dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek kelas XI IPA-A (n=30) di SMAN 3 Malang. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen berupa sembilan soal essay. Hasil data dianalisis menggunakan effect size dan N-gain. Diperoleh hasil dengan kategori model mental tipe surface, matching, dan deep. Hasil didapatkan besar pengaruh model experiential learning terhadap model mental siswa adalah kuat dengan nilai effect size yang didapatkan 3,81. Untuk perubahan model mental siswa adalah sedang karena nilai N-Gain 0,53.

Abstract: Problem-solving skills are important for students to cope with rapid changes in society and supported by technological advances. Problem-solving skills that students have especially in Newton's Law materials need to be improved so that it becomes like an expert problem solver. Therefore, SSCS problem solving research with CPS is done to determine its effect on problem solving skills. This research uses one group pretest-posttest design. The results showed that the learning model has an influence on problem-solving skills with strong effectiveness, but the improvement of problem solving skills is still low. Abstrak: Keterampilan pemecahan masalah merupakan hal yang penting dimiliki siswa untuk menghadapi perubahan masyarakat yang cepat dan didukung oleh kemajuan teknologi. Keterampilan pemecahan masalah yang dimiliki siswa khususnya pada materi Hukum Newton perlu ditingkatkan sehingga menjadi seperti pemecah masalah ahli. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian SSCS problem solving disertai CPS untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap keterampilan pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran tersebut memiliki pengaruh terhadap keterampilan pemecahan masalah dengan tingat efektivitas yang kuat, namun peningkatan keterampilan pemecahan masalah masih tergolong rendah.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop research-based module of techniques and result of antiproliferative particle ZnO examination and In vitro UV radiation towards MCF-7 breast cancer cell for Biotechnology course. This study used a 4D development model suggested by Thiagarajan and was conducted until development stage only. The result of this study showed that the validity percentage of module are 90,91% from content expertise, 95,83 from media and design expertise, and 88,89% from small grouping test. It can be stated that the module is valid and applicable. Key Words: module development, antiproliferative examination, ZnO particle, UV radiation, MCF-7 breast cancer cell, in vitro, biotechnology Abstrak:Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan modul produk bahan ajar berupa modul berbasis riset yang memuat teknik dan hasil riset uji antiproliferatif partikel ZnO dan penyinaran UV terhadap sel kanker MCF-7 secara in vitro untuk matakuliah Bioteknologi. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan Thiagarajan (4D) yang terdiri dari tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate, namun tahap penelitian yang dilakukan hanya sampai tahap develop. Hasil validasi dari ahli materi menyatakan tingkat validitas dengan persentase 90,91%, ahli media dan desain pembelajaran 95,83%, dan uji kelompok kecil 88,89%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul teknik kultur jaringan hewan berbasis riset uji antiproliferatif partikel ZnO dan penyinaran UV terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 telah dihasilkan dan telah layak digunakan karena sudah tervalidasi. Kata kunci: pengembangan modul, riset, uji antiproliferatif, partikel ZnO, penyinaran UV, sel kanker payudara MCF-7, in vitro, bioteknologi

Scientific reasoning pattern and problem solving ability has an important role in learning physics which associate multiple concept. The study was conducted to describe the change in the pattern category reasoning, problem solving ability level synthesis of physics, and investigate the relationship between the pattern of scientific reasoning and problem solving abilities synthesis of physics students. This study uses a mixed method embedded experimental design. The research instrument used is the treatment and measurement instruments. Changes in the student category intuitive reasoning patterns influenced by the knowledge and experience of students in daily life. Student’s Problem solving ability level of synthesis problem at most are novice level. Novice student solve the problem without recognizing the concept and have a tendency to plug and chug limited to the equation they remembered. The pattern of scientific reasoning and problem solving abilities synthesis of physics has a positive relation. Pola penalaran ilmiah dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah memiliki peranan penting dalam pembelajaran fisika yang mengaitkan lebih dari satu konsep. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan kategori pola penalaran, tingkat kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika, dan mengetahui hubungan antara pola penalaran ilmiah dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan embedded mixed method desain experimental model. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah instrumen perlakuan dan pengukuran. Perubahan kategori pola penalaran intuisi siswa dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan pengalaman siswa di lingkungan. Tingkat kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika siswa paling banyak adalah novice. Siswa novice menyelesaikan masalah tanpa mengenali konsep dan memiliki kecenderungan plug dan chug sebatas persamaan yang mereka ingat. Pola penalaran ilmiah dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah sintesis fisika memiliki hubungan yang positif.

This study aims to determine differences in students' mastery of concepts before and after learning through DGWI strategy with PBL models in matter Temperature and Heat. The study was conducted in SMA Negeri 4 Malang with a sample of 31 students. Data analysis techniques in this study using the different test with paired samples t-test. The results showed there are differences between the students' mastery of concepts before and after learning through DGWI strategy with PBL models. The average student mastery of the concept of pre-test is higher than the post-test, which increased from 41.955% to 69.637% with effect size d-value of 2.667 (trong) and N-gain categorized "moderate" Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penguasaan konsep siswa sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pembelajaran melalui strategi DGWI dengan model PBL pada materi Suhu dan Kalor. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 4 Malang dengan sampel 31 siswa. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji beda yakni dengan paired samples t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan penguasaan konsep siswa antara sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pembelajaran melalui strategi DGWI dengan model PBL. Rata-rata penguasaan konsep siswa pre-test lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan post-test, yaitu meningkat dari 41,955% menjadi 69,637% dengan nilai d-effect size sebesar 2,667 (kuat) dan N-gain dikategorikan sedang”.