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This study was encouraged by taking advantage of the low analytical literacy abilities of students in junior high schools. This research aims to analyze Multimodal-Based Learning in Improving Students' Reading Ability from a Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspective. This research was conducted using quantitative research, incredibly descriptive, and experimental research. Data is collected through comment sheets and ratings. The respondents in this study were 210 students and nine teachers in seven classes. The tools used to obtain learning statistics are (1) an assessment to measure the competence of junior high school students and (2) note sheets to obtain statistics on the results of looking at the learning system. The statistics have been processed using descriptive statistical judgments and inferential facts. Based on the research results, the analytical learning system in the classroom still does not meet the actual learning requirements. The second result is that the multimodality method has proven effective in analyzing the literacy talents of junior high school students from various backgrounds. Based on this, the multimodality learning method can be used to improve the analytical literacy talents of junior high school students in classes with various backgrounds.

Online news grows up to be influential day by day, especially after the world facing a great disaster of COVID-19 Pandemic. When the Pandemic is over, 2022 is marked to be the meaningful year where people is finally released from pandemic fear and is able to go on meaningful holiday with their friends and family. With the successful Eid Holiday movie hit, Christmas is noted to be one of Indonesia’s important moment to celebrate the freedom from COVID-19 since it also happens in 2022. Online news once again becomes a media that is able to influent people and showing its dynamic in policy throughout their Christmas celebration news. Van Dijk’s analysis method is the fitting method to elaborate the policy dynamics in news media during Christmas 2022 Holiday.

This study aims to test the validity and practicality of teaching materials E-module Dilan Android-based (Didroid) on hot material for elementary school students. The research method applied is Research and Development (R&D) method with Sugiyono development model. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and questionnaire instruments filled by media experts, material experts, as well as student and teacher users. Data analysis techniques used are quantitative and qualitative analysis to describe the results of the questionnaire assessment. The results showed that the E-module Didroid developed meet the criteria of valid and practical. The results of media validation get a score of 100 so that it is included in the very valid category. The results of the validation of the material get a score of 96.7% on the aspect of Self Instruction, a score of 100% on the aspect of Self Contained, a score of 80% on the aspect of Self Alone, a score of 93.3% on the aspect of self adaptive, and a score of 80% on the aspect of User Friendly so that it enters the category of very valid and valid. The results of the practicality of student users get a score of 90% and teacher users get a score of 100% so that it enters the category of very practical. It can be concluded that the E-module developed Didroid valid, practical, and feasible to use in science learning in Grade V Elementary School. E-module Didroid easy to understand, easy to use, attractive, and can be used as a reference teaching materials that use digital technology.

The problem in this study was the low accuracy of the smash in the men's volleyball athletes from the Genesa Ringan Ringan Club. This type of the research was quantitative research with a causal associative correlation approach. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of direct, indirect and simultaneous arm muscle explosive power, leg muscle explosive power, eye-foot coordination on the accuracy of volleyball smashes. The research sample was the men's volleyball athlete in the Ganesa Ringan Ringan Club, totaling 26 people. The sampling technique used a saturated sample, which totaled 26 male athletes. Data was collected using a test to measure the explosive power of the arm muscles, leg muscle explosive power, eye-foot coordination, and the accuracy of the volleyball smash. Data analysis technique was path analysis. The results of data analysis show that; (1) there was a significant direct effect of the explosive power of the arm muscles on the accuracy of the volleyball smash with a value of 5.07%. (2) there was a significant direct effect of the explosive power of the leg muscles on the accuracy of the volleyball smash with a value of 0.94%. (3) there was a significant direct effect of eye-hand coordination on the accuracy of the volleyball smash with a value of 0.83%. (4) there was an indirect effect of the explosive power of the arm muscles on the accuracy of the volleyball smash through eye-hand coordination with a value of 4.20%. (5) there was an indirect effect of the explosive power of the leg muscles on the accuracy of the volleyball smash through eye-hand coordination with a value of 1.88%.

This article aims to describe the teacher's role and the implications of learning Aqidah Akhlak in the formation of the religious character of students at MTs Thoriqul Ulum Trawas. Qualitative with a case study approach has been used in this study. Data collection uses interview, observation, and documentation methods, while validity techniques use credibility, source triangulation, technical triangulation, and dependability. The results of the research are presented as follows: 1. Akhlak Aqidah teachers become motivators, mentors, and educators for students and are also less than optimal in their roles as facilitators and demonstrators. 2. The implications of Aqidah Akhlak teachers in forming the religious character of students at MTs Thoriqul Ulum, namely making students have the nature of discipline, responsibility, and honesty.

Professional competence and infrastructure are still classic problems that have not been entirely resolved. This study has the aim of analyzing infrastructure as an intervening variable (Y1). The exogenous variable (X1) is professional competence, and the endogenous variable (Y2) is education quality. This research method uses a type of quantitative research with explanatory research methods. The number of samples in this study was 140 people, who were selected using the census method. The results of the hypothesis test showed that teacher professional competence directly affects the quality of education, infrastructure directly affects the quality of education, and infrastructure can mediate the effect of teacher professional competence on education quality.

This study aims to determine the effect of the bid-ask spread, market value, risk of return, dividend payout ratio, return on assets, and firm age on the holding period of the LQ45 stock index. The objects of this research are companies listed on LQ45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2021 period. The data analysis technique in this study was quantitative analysis expressed in numbers and calculations using statistical methods with the help of E-Views 10 software. This study used a sample of 36 companies taken by the purposive sampling method. The data analysis used is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that market value and return on assets had a significant positive effect and risk of return had a significant negative effect on the holding period, while the bid-ask spread, dividend payout ratio, and company age had no effect on the holding period. Based on the Adjusted R2 value, there is still 51.26 percent of the holding period variable which is influenced by other variables outside the independent variables of this study.

Government through the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia issued Regulation Number 84 of 2013 concerning the appointment of permanent lecturers at private universities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 84 article 11 at private universities in East Java in improving the quality of its human resources. The subjects in this study were the 7 best private universities in the ranking and clustering version by the Ministry of research, technology, and higher education 2020. The result was that the compensation received by permanent lecturers with the lowest group, namely Expert Assistants in the form of gross monthly salaries ranging from Rp. 3,000,000, 00 – Rp 12,000,000.00. With this compensation, lecturers are also motivated to be more productive in their work (Tridharma of Higher Education) because it is proportional to the compensation they get. This also spurs increasing capabilities such as continuing the postdoctoral education level carried out by lecturers, so universities also provide special rewards. This proves that the performance of a lecturer will increase in line with the high level of satisfaction that comes from the fulfillment of his needs, desires, and expectations. The satisfaction that lecturers get from what they receive from campus creates a commitment to the organizations they join.

This study analyzed questions (examples and exercises) in the Numbers chapter on Indonesians’ new curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) mathematics textbooks for grade 7. An analytical framework developed for mathematics textbooks question analysis had seven dimensions: Mathematical Activity, Problem Complexity, Answer Type, Contextual Situation, Response Type, Mathematical Questions, and Data Problem. The result showed that the Indonesians’ new curriculum of secondary mathematics textbooks contains more balanced question types. In Mathematical Activity question types, only 46.73% of questions were about counting and using count operations. The questions about interpretation were 28.97% and questions that needed an argument or logical reasoning were 15.58%. In question type analysis, 22.12% were open-ended questions and 77.88% were close-ended questions. We also found that there were no multiple choice question types in Indonesians’ new curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) mathematics textbooks for grade 7. On the other hand, we also found questions with insufficient data (12.15%) and extraneous data (7.48%).

Penyandang disabilitas masih seringkali mendapatkan perlakuan yang diskriminatif. Tidak sedikit dari mereka juga mengalami hambatan dalam mengakses layanan publik seperti akses pendidikan, kesehatan dan ketenagakerjaan. Kaitannya dengan hal ini, kekurangberpihakan terhadap penyandang disabilitas juga perlu menjadi perhatian agama. Ketidakmampuan untuk menjangkau pesan fundamental dari al-Qur’an kaitannya dengan isu etika ini membuat sebagian orang cenderung bersikap apatis terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap maqashid di balik ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan etika terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Menggunakan pendekatan tafsir maqashidi penulis menemukan bahwa al-Qur’an sebenarnya telah berusaha menghilangkan sekat-sekat sosial yang muncul akibat fenomena ini. Beberapa maqashid dan nilai fundamental al-Qur’an yang penulis dapat refleksikan dan temukan dalam penelitian ini diantaranya adalah aspek hifdz ad-din, hifdz an-nafs, hifdz, al-‘aql, nilai kemanusiaan, kesetaraan, keadilan dan tanggung jawab. Dari penafsiran ayat-ayat berkaitan dengan disabilitas serta dengan mempertimbangkan maqashid-maqashid yang telah ditemukan, penulis menyimpulkan ada tiga aspek etis yang perlu diperhatikan, yakni pengakuan dan penerimaan terhadap eksistensi penyandang disabilitas, komitmen inklusif disabilitas dan penyediaan layanan aksesiblitas bagi penyandang disabilitas. [Persons with disabilities still often receive discriminatory treatment. Not a few of them also experience obstacles in accessing public services such as access to education, health and employment. In relation to this, the lack of partiality towards persons with disabilities also needs to be a concern of religion. The inability to reach the fundamental messages of the Koran in relation to ethical issues makes some people tend to be apathetic towards persons with disabilities. This article aims to reveal the maqashid behind the verses related to ethics towards persons with disabilities. Using the maqashidi interpretation approach, the author finds that the Qur'an has actually tried to remove the social barriers that arise as a result of this phenomenon. Some of the maqashid and fundamental values of the Qur'an that the author can reflect on and find in this research include aspects of hifdz ad-din, hifdz an-nafs, hifdz, al-'aql, human values, equality, justice and responsibility. From the interpretation of verses related to disability and by considering the maqashid that have been found, the authors conclude that there are three ethical aspects that need attention, namely recognition and acceptance of the existence of persons with disabilities, commitment to disability inclusion and provision of accessibility services for persons with disabilities.]

This research aims to classify the interpersonal meaning in Joe Biden’s victory speech. It is an interesting phenomenon because by revealing the interpersonal meaning, people can be assisted to be successful in communication. The researchers used a qualitative research design to answer the research question and chose content analysis since the results of data analysis were in descriptive phenomena, such as words, clauses, and utterances. The research findings showed that mood elements: found 174 subjects and 176 finites. Meanwhile, residue elements found 120 predicators, 133 complements, 9 mood adjuncts, 71 circumstantial adjuncts, 2 comment adjuncts, and 54 conjunctive adjuncts. In addition, the speech function identified 162 Statements, 4 Questions, and 11 Commands. Thus, it is concluded that Joe Biden tended to use finites, in contrast with comment adjuncts, and Statements, in contrast with questions (only 4 questions were found in his speech). This study also showed that the speaker was greatly assisted by using interpersonal meaning to make a good speech.

This article aims to explain young researchers' learning activities at age of 13 to15 years old in formulating original ideas as well as self-determined collaboration and exploration associated with environmental learning activities. This study employs qualitative descriptive research approaches to examine the research learning activities of young researchers in finding self-determined original ideas. This study was carried out in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) Kota Batu, East Java Province, Indonesia. The participants of this study consisted of 22 madrasah students (aged 13-15) who are divided randomly into 12 groups and two research teachers were also involved. The data collection techniques used are observations, interviews, and other documentations. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Students accompanied by teachers are able to think critically about environmental problems in formulating original ideas through teacher's stimulation and habituation to carry out observations both at school and in residence environments that can improve the sensitivity of students in responding to surrounding environmental problems. (2) Students can deliver research ideas to teachers and friends, collaborate, and participate in groups in analyzing, interpreting, designing, implementing as well as reporting activities involved in research projects from the student's point of view. (3) The teacher's habit of stimulating students to obtain original ideas from their surroundings can indirectly lead to an enjoyable research culture for students. The project report is presented as part of this article.

This study uses a linguistic anthropological approach to qualitative research design or research context. The term “mental illness” are covered depends on Javanese language context. The data collection is by participating observation and interviews. Javanese language has at least two types of mental illness recognized in accordance by the cause, namely (1) natural mental illness (mental illness cause natural process), consisting of minor mental illness and serious mental illness; and (2) unnatural mental illness (mental illness cause of human or other creatures) ‘mental illness cause comes to disruption beings or spirits’. Traditional medicine is usually adjusted to cause of mental illness. From definition, classification, and traditional medicine can described Javanese’s view to mental illness.

The phenomenon of the nation, along with its concept, is not stable. It develops constantly and is dynamic. This study aims to describe the traces of the dynamics of the concept of the nation in the Indonesian novel. With an interpretive qualitative descriptive method, which supports data in the form of Indonesian novel texts; namely the novel Salah Asuhan by Abdoel Moeis and Tanah Air Beta by Sefryana Khairil, this study seeks to explain the occurrence of events of change or shifting concepts with regard to the nation. Based on this, the results of this study show that in the text of Indonesian novels, especially the two novels, it was found that the concept of the nation was not stable. The concept of the nation can move, shift, and allow separation, which can result in the occurrence of a critical intersection point of a nation. On this basis, the implication of this study is the importance of continuously observing the dynamics of the concept of the nation. Along with that, it is necessary to maintain continuously the commitment of the nation that has been formed.

This research finds out how far the noble values are contained in the Bangka Belitung folklores. These values are the result of the human mind reflection which will indirectly be revealed in folklore. Through the analysis of the noble value's description of each folklore, then it is simply sorted and observed which values are the most prominent. Qualitatively, there are 28 types of noble values with a total of 103 occurrences of noble values from the combination of the five Bangka Belitung folklores. The more dominant noble values are 20 social values, 11 hard work values, 10 compassion values, religious values, 8 culture and caring values. As for honesty and tenacity, they have 4 values. The noble values contained in the Bangka Folklore is relevant in the current state of individualism. The spirit of social care, hard work, compassion, and religious values persists in rural communities in Bangka Belitung.

Myth in Maya ethnic, West Papua, Indonesia is an old story contained truth element that is truly believed as a story that ever happened in the past time because it is supported by inheritance culture feature in society. Myth is a source of important information used to dig and understand the way of local people think which is combined and facilitate in the form of verbal narrative. Raja Ampat kingdom Mythology talks about the origin of Raja Ampat name and Maya ancestor as well which is believed comes from Maleo bird egg. This story is considered as a holy story by the owner and it preserves in Kali Raja ritual in South Waigeo. This ritual is done annually with the purpose of cleaning and changing “cloth” of king’s stone or seventh ancestor of Maya that has aleready become a stone and chooses to live at the place where they ancestors were born that is Kali Raja. The belief of the truth of the element of Maya story can be seen from the dancer and ritual actor as well. This writing used verbal literature of sociology. The source of the data is the script document of Raja Ampat myth with an object of this study is the viewpoint of live and worldview.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari hasil observasi pada kelas II SDN Sambi 2, dalam proses pembelajaran penggunaan media menjelaskan materi bangun ruang masih berfokus pada gambar dibuku siswa dan benda disekitar, keterbatasan fasilitas disekolah membuat media yang digunakan kurang tepat sehingga siswa kesulitan memahami materi dan menentukan bentuk bangun ruang berdasarkan cirinya. Siswa kurang antusias mengikuti pembelajaran. Dengan media pembelajaran denah puzzle mampu memberikan pengaruh positif dalam pembelajaran. Media yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah denah puzzle bangun ruang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan media denah puzzle. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan ADDIE. Menggunakan tahap analysis, design, developmen, implementation, evaluation. Subyek penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas II SDN Sambi 2 berjumlah 10 orang siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrument berupa lembar validasi ahli media dan ahli materi, angket respon guru dan siswa, dan soal evaluasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif serta teknik analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yang dapat dipaparkan (1) Kevalidan denah puzzle bangun ruang pada validasi media memperoleh nilai 88 kategori sangat valid, pada validasi materi memperoleh nilai 81 kategori valid. (2) Kepraktisan denah puzzle bangun ruang pada angket respon guru memperoleh nilai 88 kategori sangat praktis, pada angket respon siswa memperoleh nilai 92 kategori sangat praktis. (3) Keefektifan denah puzzle bangun ruang dari hasil nilai rata-rata sebesar 82 kategori efektif. Dapat disimpulkan media denah puzzle bangun ruang sangat layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.

This study aims to describe the form of local wisdom in the form of naming villages by the Mbahammatta ethnic group in Fakfak Regency, West Papua Province using ethnographic qualitative methods. The research data were obtained from four sources who are cultural owners, then the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the Mbahammatta ethnic community in the process of naming places was based on five forms of naming methods, namely based on the inventor, behavior, condition, number and physical form.

The objective of the research is to find out the extent of direct translation at the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Pematangsiantar in the translation descriptive text from English into Indonesianin academic year 2019/2020.The problem research is about what extent of direct translation method are used at grade eight students of SMP N 6 Pematangsiantar in the translation descriptive text from English into Indonesian?. To solve the problems, the research used theories Vinay and Darbelnet in Venuti (2000:84-93) divided translation procedures into two namely Direct or Literal Translation which cover three procedures (borrowing, calque, and Literal translation). The research uses qualitative descriptive method. The data was taken from grade VIII-2 SMPN 6 Pematangsiantar with the total number of students are twenty students. The researcher takes 20 students to analyze the students’ translating. Then, the researcher analyzes the data, describe and classify their translation. The research finding of the thesis showthat the students’ translation borrowing translatiom 22,2%, calque translation 19,05%, literal translation 58,73% but some students did not get transferring the meaning of text so the students did not complete to translate the text. The researcher concludes that some students always found many difficulties in translation because they do not understand meaning word, the usage of structure in sentences and confused within the text.

The ultimate goal of learning English is that students can easily grasp every material being taught. Especially in learning vocabularies, teachers are always looking for the best method to be applied in learning. By offering this PIDIW method, it is expected that it can encourage, arouse students' enthusiasm in learning English, and can create a fun and satisfying quality of learning between teachers and students in class. Seeing how important it is for students to understand and enjoy learning English in class, the authors conducted a study by developing a learning method that is expected to be used in learning English. This research aims to produce an innovative method called "Picturing by Describing Words". This research seeks to formulate the development of the Picturing By Describing Words learning method or abbreviated as PIDIW which includes: Definition, and Steps for Its Application in learning English. This research is limited only to the following stages: 1. Definition stages. 2. Stages of Formulation and Design. The stages of implementation will be carried out as the next research. Picturing by describing words or abbreviated as PIDIW is a planning learning method that can be used by teachers in learning English. This learning method will encourage students' ability to catch words in English. So that the teacher/instructor can find out the development or the number of English vocabulary owned by each student/learner. This method is also expected to be able to improve students' quick and critical thinking skills to analyze descriptive words and transfer them into a final understanding. This understanding can be in the form of writing or directly conveyed orally (orally). The creation of fun English learning between teachers and students.

This type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach because the purpose of this study was to describe the profile of students ' mathematical literacy abilities based on cognitive style. This research was conducted at SMA Dr. Soetomo Surabaya in the 2022/2023 academik year. The subjects of this study were four students of X-MIPA 1 grade, namely one male FI student, one female FI student, one male FD student, and one female FD student. The research instrument was a test of students’ mathematical literacy based on PISA indicators. Mathematical literacy indicators are based on six levels of students’ mathematical literacy. Based on the analysis of the data on the results of the mathematical literacy test, it was obtained a profile description of the mathematical literacy ability of Dr. Soetomo High School namely (1) independent field students are able to work effectively with models in concrete but complex situation, present different information and relate it to real situation. Meanwhile (2) field dependent students are able to carry out the procedures well and choose and apply simple problem solving strategies and can interprete and represent situations.

The aims of this study were to identify the types of positive and negative politeness strategies and to find out the most dominant type of positive and negative politeness strategies found in Ome TV by Fiki naki on Youtube. The theory of politeness strategies was by Brown and Levinson (1987). The research method was descriptive qualitative research with content analysis, because the data were collected from document. The researchers chose 4 videos and title first “cewek paling cute and sweet” in Ome TV launched in February 5th, 2021 with a duration of 17 minutes, second “Fiki naki seneng banget ketemu calon istri baru cantik” launched in October 4th, 2021 with a duration of 13 minutes 19 second, third “ Ciwi ciwi Norwegia histeris karna ini”, launched in April 19th 2021 with duration 19 minutes 33 second , fourth “Aku Buat Heboh Cewe - Cewe Di Ome TV” launched in April 14th 2021 with duration 18 minutes 33 second. There were some steps in collecting the data, such as: familiarizing and organizing, coding and reducing, interpreting and representing. The result showed that there were 38 Positive and Negative politeness strategies found in Ome TV by Fiki naki on Youtube, they were: positive politeness 30 (79%), negative politeness 8(21%) . The most dominant type of politeness strategies found in Talk Show by Jimmy Fallon was Positive Politeness. Positive Politeness was done by speaker and hearer to made enjoyable situation, build good relation, good interaction. In conclusion, with this research we must be careful when used a language to communicate with other so that the conversation become run well.

In order to develop or train students' characters through introduction and character development in the fundamental education, the Longko culture must be effectively utilized. One example is the application of speaking with older people as elementary school students or as adults when speaking or interacting with seniors. Utilize standard vocabulary to make yourself understood in conversations. The deskriptiv-qualitative methodology used in this study. The methodology used to analyze the data using Miles and Huberman's model consists of data collection, data reduction, data visualization, and the identification and verification of conclusions.

Studies on pragmatics which are focusing on the discussion of speech act have been highlighting the issue of how speech act strategies are analyzed based on the forms, classifications, and functions. As the use of speech act strategies is usually correlated to the politeness strategy, the analyses needs to be taken further to the internal modification, for example is the use of upgraders and downgraders to see how words build the politeness in a context differently based on the degree of politeness they carry as stated on Trosborg (1995). This paper used SATGAS COVID-19 Talkshow as the research object for the talkshow uses a lot of upgraders and downgraders strategies. Moreover, the talkshow is unique in its topic which is related to health in which such talkshows haven’t been quite addressed in speech act studies. As for that, this paper discussed types and functions of upgraders and downgraders used in the talkshow as well as what speech act classifications in which the upgraders and downgraders are embedded. This paper was analyzed using the contextual method which the results show the dominant speech acts contain upgraders and downgraders are assertive and directive; the dominant types of upgraders and downgraders are adverbial intensifiers and modals. Moreover, the results have shown that the two main purposes of the use of the strategy are to emphazise the importance of some informations and to follow the politeness culture which some of them are driven by the factor of of the speaker’s religion. The most important part of this research is that there are downgraders’ markers which are specially bound to Indonesian context, ‘Insya Alloh’ and the use of pronouns and upgraders’ marker ‘buanyak’. Nevertheless, this study only focusing on the talk show which only focusing on the health domain, moreover; the studies related to upgraders and downgraders in Indonesian context have not been quite addressed, next researchers could have more broaden scope of the study related to upgraders and downgraders, for example related to gender studies.

Sohibul Hikayat is a traditional art of speech performance presented by storytellers from the Betawi region who came from the Middle East. Therefore, the stories told in Sohibul Hikayat, among others, came from Persia, such as One Thousand and One Nights, Nurul Laila, and Alfu Lail wal Lail. The storyteller is presented in the form of prose, and even some rhymes are inserted, there are no specific scenes or humorous characters, such as in wayang, mask, or lenong. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the text, context, and survival of Sohibul Hikayat's oral tradition in the community by making efforts to protect Sohibul Hikayat's wealth as a national asset from extinction, documenting Sohibul Hikayat as an effort to preserve, study in the form of analysis and grouping Sohibul Hikayat status. The stories in Sohibul Hikayat often combine fictitious stories and true stories. The combination of these two types of stories aims to educate and convey the moral message to the listeners. Interesting stories accompanied by interludes of humor in it are also a special entertainment for connoisseurs Sohibul Hikayat. The story of Sohibul Hikayat has many values that can be drawn from the moral meaning and entertainment, this oral literature should be introduced back into society.

Bali banyak dikenal oleh kalangan wisatawan nusantara maupun mancanegara karena keindahan pariwisata, tradisi, adat dan budayanya. Bali juga memiliki nilai sejarah dalam hal perjuangan merebut kemerdekaan. Perjuangan rakyat Bali melawan penjajahan dikenal dengan nama puputan dan salah satunya yaitu Puputan Margarana. Puputan Margarana terjadi pada tanggal 20 November 1946 di Desa Marga, Kecamatan Marga, Kabupaten Tabanan. Peristiwa puputan tersebut menggambarkan sikap anti penjajahan karena perilaku penjajah yang sangat kejam dan tidak manusiawi. Seiring berkembangnya zaman dan teknologi, media informasi yang memanfaatkan teknologi lebih efektif dibandingkan hanya mengandalkan buku, karena sebagian besar generasi muda atau siswa malas dan bosan untuk membacanya. Oleh sebab itu maka dibangunlah sebuah aplikasi Pengenalan Sejarah Pasukan Ciung Wanara Dalam Puputan Margarana Berbasis Multimedia. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan metode MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle). Hasil dari aplikasi ini yaitu dapat menyampaikan informasi sejarah pasukan Ciung Wanara bagi siswa maupun masyarakat umum. Kata kunci: Multimedia, Sejarah, Puputan

The study below examines the development of students' critical and creative thinking abilities through the use of article reviews and the Problem Based Learning instructional approach. This study is qualitative and was conducted utilizing library research, specifically library research that used data grouping methods. It was then completed by examining and studying numerous pertinent research publications and papers. utilizing analytical methods for gathering, combining, and recognizing secondary data from numerous pertinent investigations. The adoption of the Problem Based Learning learning paradigm itself can boost students' capacity for creative thought, according to the study's findings. The findings of research done using library resources revealed that students' capacities for creative thought had improved, with outcomes moving into the medium category. In this study, four factors—fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration—were also linked to an improvement in students' capacity for creative thought. It follows that the application of the learning paradigm that Problem Based Learning is capable of improving students' creative thinking skills.

In the midst of the rapid development of information and communication technology, it is undeniable that children who are still in school can access a lot of extensive information, one of which is about the problem of bullying. at school. Bullying behavior that occurs in schools is very diverse ranging from physical bullying, verbal bullying, social bullying and cyberbullying. The role of teachers in schools is also very important to minimize bullying in schools. In this research, the researcher distributed a questionnaire to be filled out by the socialization participants with a choice of answers agreeing or disagreeing. Researchers also during the socialization process gave several questions about bullying behavior to obtain supporting results regarding bullying behavior. The results of the research achieved in this study were that all socialization participants already knew what bullying was and it could be concluded that bullying is an action that students should avoid when at school because bullying can have a serious effect on victims of bullying.