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There remains controversy regarding whether the growth charts constructed from data of term infants, such as those produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, can appropriately evaluate the postnatal growth of preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study, conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in Jinan China, aimed to compare the postnatal growth charts of singleton preterm and term infants using WHO standards at 40–160 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). A total of 5,459 and 15,185 sets of longitudinal measurements [length/height, weight, head circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI)] from birth to 160 weeks PMA were used to construct growth charts for 559 singleton preterm (mean PMA at birth, 33.84 weeks) and 1,596 singleton term infants (born at 40 weeks PMA), respectively, using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) method. Z-scores (prematurity corrected) were calculated using WHO Anthro software. Compared to WHO standards, all parameters of preterm infants were increased, especially in terms of length/height and weight; the gap between the two almost spanned two adjacent centile curves. Compared to term controls, the length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants were higher at 40 weeks PMA, surpassed by term infants at 52–64 weeks PMA, and quite consistent thereafter. The HC of preterm infants at 40–160 weeks PMA was quite consistent with both term controls and the WHO standards. The Z-scores for length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants relative to the WHO standards gradually decreased from 1.20, 1.13, and 0.74 at 40–44 weeks PMA to 0.67, 0.42, and 0.03 at 132–160 weeks PMA, respectively; Z-scores for HC of preterm infants rapidly decreased from 0.73 to 0.29 at 40–50 weeks PMA, and then fluctuated in the range of 0.08–0.23 at 50–160 weeks PMA. Preterm infants had higher growth trajectories than the WHO standards and similar but not identical trajectories to term infants during the first 2 years of life. These findings reemphasize the necessity of constructing local growth charts for Chinese singleton preterm infants.

In this paper, a novel energy-efficient single-phase induction motor with three parallel-connected stator windings and two external capacitors has been proposed. By selecting the appropriate capacitors, the currents in the three windings will be approximately symmetric at rated load, thus high rated efficiency can be obtained. Based on the symmetrical component method, the condition for balanced operation is analyzed and the method for determining the requested capacitances is also obtained. The approach for calculating the steady-state performance is proposed.

To confirm the anticancer effect of total annonaceous acetogenins (TAAs) abstracted from Annona squamosa Linn. on human hepatocarcinoma.The inhibitory effect of TAAs was demonstrated in H22-bearing mice. The potency of TAAs was confirmed as its 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) on Bel-7402 cell under Sulfur Rhodamine B staining. Both underlying mechanisms were explored as cellular apoptosis and cell cycle under flow cytometry. Mitochondrial and recipient apoptotic pathways were differentiated as mitochondrial membrane potential under flow cytometry and caspases activities under fluorescence analysis.The inhibitory rate of TAAs in mice was 50.98% at 4 mg/kg dose. The IC50 of TAAs on Bel-7402 was 20.06 µg/mL (15.13-26.61µg/mL). Effective mechanisms of TAAs were confirmed as both of arresting cell cycle at G1 phase and inducing apoptosis dose- and time-dependently. Mitochondrial and recipient pathways involved in apoptotic actions of TAAs.TAAs is effective for hepatocarcinoma, via inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

This paper researches on a method for on-line fault calculation based on expert system theory. The method improves traditional method of width precedence searching, and applies to form the node impedance matrix, which not only settles loop net but also advances calculation efficiency. To convenient for fault calculation, we process and identify the basic parameters and perform equivalent of 220kV external system. Moreover inbuilt fault calculation software has been realized, which can exchange data with SCADA system on-line.

This paper deeply researches on successive action zone and dead zone of transverse differential protection in parallel lines, and improves the existing analysis software for relay protection action. First determine which zone the fault point belongs to, and then analyze the protection action according to the different zone concretely. This improvement will greatly increase the accuracy to analyze the relay protection action, and will be significant to the safe and stable operation of regional networks.

This paper applies the theory of expert system to analysis for relay protection action based on PAS. And it also summarizes various rules according to the experience of operating personals and relay protection personals for several years. All these rules are suitable for 110kV and 66kV regional networks. This paper not only analyzes three-phase current protection, zero-sequence current protection, distance protection etc, but also discusses some special situations such as under voltage lockout over-current protection for transformer, remote backup protection etc.

By analyzing the two lightning accidents happening to a 500kV substation situated in the lightning-prone northeastern Guangdong Province, I conclude as follows, there should be some problem in the equipotential earthing of the secondary system of this substation. Specifically, the existing potential difference in the secondary equipment gave rise to the meltdown of it which finally caused the accident. In the context,I build the one-point earthing parallel system simulation model according to ATP graphic pretreatment program, then by using slope-ramp simulation I study the lightning current which leaked into the grounding grids of the substation.In conclusion, the application of high frequency signal mixed low frequency signal earth system in the secondary system and the equipotential bonding is key to preventing accidents.

In this paper, the transient characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the space vector pulse width modulation technology are researched in detail. Firstly, the mathematical model of the control system is established. Secondly, the simulation model based on MATLAB/Simulink is built. Thirdly, the transient simulation is implemented by the constructed model. It is proved that the mathematical model is valid and effective, which provides a theoretic base for the design of an actual permanent magnet synchronous motor control system.

This paper proposes a kind of on-line control system for operation mode in substations, which can read data on-line from EMS, and then calculate total loss of substations in parallel operation, split operation or individual operation mode. According to the result, the system can select the most optimized way and feed the conclusion back to EMS, which can make substations operate in the most optimized way. The system is suitable for optimization of substation in rural power grid.

Objective: To study the effects of L. F04, the active fraction ofLycopus lucidus, on erythrocytes rheological property so as to investigate its mechanism in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.Method: The effects of L. F04 (used for treatment for 10 days in different dosages) on deformability, aggregation and membrane liquidity of erythrocytes (MLE) as well as whole blood apparent viscosity (ηb) were examined on the basis of rat model of blood-stasis syndrome induced by venous injection of high molecular weight dextran.Result: As compared with the normal control group, the model group’s RBC deformability and MLE were lower, and the aggregation of erythrocytes and ηb were higher. Compared with the model group, both L. F04 0. 612g/kg and 0.306g/kg showed significant effect in improving deformability and inhibiting aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) and reducing blood viscosity. The trend of improving MLE was also shown.Conclusion: L. F04 could significantly improve the abnormal rheological property of erythrocytes.

In this paper, the impact of raised field on Baiyangdian Lake eutrophication was analyst according to the TROPHIC LEVEL INDEXES (TLI) calculated with the monitored water quality data and raised field structure index-raised field's scope", "canal's length", "canal's width by SPASS and Excel software. Results of the study show that the key stage of TLI reduction in a canal is 0-30m, which is the stage water in the canal exchanges with external water frequently. Canal's length affects the degree raised field reduces TLI of water in the canal. The TLI of 0m influences the range of TLI reduction in the canal. There is relationship between raised field's scope and TLI reduction range of breakthrough canal. The lowest TLI of water in breakthrough canal is closer to canal's entrance than non breakthrough canal. It is advised that it is better to reconstruct breakthrough canal and the advised raised field index is that canal's length is 160-180m", "canal's width is 6-8m and raised field's scope is 20-30°. The reconstructed canal should be different in structure according to the trophic state level.

This paper gave a brief introduction of the effect of Solanum nigrum on anti-cancer. The experimental results showed that the total alkaloid isolated from S. nigrum interfered structure and function of tumor cell membrane, disturbed the synthesis of DNA and RNA, changed the cell cycle distribution, so that total alkaloids could play in inhibabition to tumor cells, while the glycoprotein (150 x 10(3)) isolated from S. nigrum might have shown anti-cancer abilities by blocking the anti-apoptotic pathway of NF-kappaB, activating caspase cascades reaction and increasing the production of nitric oxide.

To study the effect of active fractions from Lycopus lucidus (L. F04) on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation so as to investigate its mechanism of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The effects of Lycopus lucidus L. F04 on platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vivo, and thrombosis of artery-vein by-pass and thrombus formed in circuitous loop in vitro were examined using the blood stasis animal model of rats made by injecting high molecular weight dextran (HMWD).The increase of maximum platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP in vivo in HMWD model was evidently inhibited with 0.408 g/kg or 0.204 g/kg or L. F04, and the effect showed a trend of concentration-dependence. As compared with the control, the thrombus weight in rat model of blood stasis increased clearly and its length showed only a trend of increase. Both 0.408 g/kg and 0.204 g/kg of L. F04 had the effect of resisting the thrombus formation, while 0.408 g/kg showed better effects of reducing the thrombus dry weight and wet weight. Both 0.408 g/kg and 0.204 g/kg of L. F04 could inhibit the thrombosis in artery-vein by-pass; the inhibition rates were 27.41% and 27.14% respectively.Lycopus lucidus L. F04 could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.

To study pharmacological effects of PEC (the oral liquid which consists of Panax quinquefolium, Epimedium brevicornum, Schisandra chinensis Bail and Cervus eplaphus) on mice.Experiments were carried out through swimming test, step-through, spontaneous activity and sleeping time.When 5-10 mL x kg(-1) of PEC was given orally for 7 days, it could prolong swimming duration of mice in water tank, and increase the tolerant ability against oxygen-deficiency. PEC could also improve cognitive-deficiency induced by taking off sleep with force in mice after given orally for 7 days. The PEC could increase the spontaneous activity in mice, antagonize the inhabitation induced by Valium, and shorten the sleeping time caused by sodium pentobarbital.PEC has strong potential neuro-pharmacological activities such as anti-fatigue, improving cognitive-deficiency in mice.

Objective. To study the effects of active fractions from Lycopus lucidus (L. F04) on erythrocyte rheology so as to investigate its mechanism of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Method. The effects of L. F04 on erythrocytes deformability, aggregation, liquidity of membrane were examined in the present study and the blood stasis animal model of rats made by injecting high molecular weight dextran (HMWD) was used. Result. HMWD injection decreased red blood cells deformability (P0.05) and liquidity of membrane (P0.01) and increased erythrocytes aggregation (P005). Compared with the model, both L. F04 0.612 g/kg and 0.306 g/kg improved red blood cells deformability (P0.05), inhibited erythrocytes aggregation (P0.05), and showed the trend of improving liquidity of membrane. But there was no concentration-dependence. Conclusion. L. F04 can significantly improve the deviant erythrocyte rheology characteristics.