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Abstract A novel prefabricated segmental guardrail is proposed to facilitate connections between guardrails and between guardrails and bridge decks by casting ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) joints in situ. Through finite element crash simulation analysis of three types of vehicles and crash tests of real vehicles, the prefabricated segmental guardrail with a UHPC connection was systematically evaluated in terms of its energy-absorbing capacity, vehicular acceleration, post-impact trajectory of the impacting vehicle, and behaviour of the guardrail upon impact. During the evaluation process, performance comparisons of the prefabricated segmental guardrails are made with the monolithic concrete guardrails. The results indicate that the performance of the prefabricated segmental guardrail with a UHPC connection was superior to that of the conventional concrete monolithic guardrails: it exhibited a higher level of crash performance, the occupants of the impacting vehicle were better protected, and the impacting vehicle exhibited better post-collision stability. Finally, the convenience of the prefabricated segmental guardrails with UHPC connections was proven in practical engineering applications.

Abstract. Background:. There is a need for effective and safe therapies for psoriasis that provide sustained benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab, an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody, for treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients. Methods:. In this multi-center, double-blind, phase III trial, patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive subcutaneous tildrakizumab 100 mg or placebo at weeks 0 and 4. Patients initially assigned to placebo were switched to receive tildrakizumab at weeks 12, 16, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Patients in the tildrakizumab group continued with tildrakizumab at week 16, and every 12 weeks until week 52. The primary endpoint was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) response rate at week 12. Results:. At week 12, tildrakizumab demonstrated significantly higher PASI 75 response rates (66.4% [73/110] vs. 12.7% [14/110]; difference, 51.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 40.72, 62.13]; P

A novel precast segmental barrier system was proposed to facilitate the connections between barriers and between the barrier and bridge deck by casting ultra-high-performance concrete joints in situ. To assess the performance of the barrier with this connection, a full-scale pseudo-static tests were conducted. At the same time, a comparative assessment was considered the failure mode and load capacity of the precast barrier for two different bridge deck stiffnesses. The results indicated that the ultimate capacity of the precast barrier was comparable to that of a traditional cast-in-place barrier and emphasised the critical role of the deck slab stiffness in the overall load capacity. Based on the damage patterns observed in the barrier and deck slab during the pseudo-static tests, a refined trapezoidal yield-line model considering the deck slab stiffness contribution was derived to more accurately evaluate the load capacity of a precast segmental barrier. Moreover, the calibrated numerical model of the barrier system was employed to investigate the structural dynamic performance under varying scenarios, specifically examining the effects of different impact masses and velocities. Numerical results demonstrated that upon impact by a high-mass, high-velocity object, the barrier experienced a shift in damage mode from flexural–shear to more critical punching shear. This transition concentrated the dynamic load exclusively on the impacted barrier segment, which in turn markedly diminished its dynamic load capacity.

Abstract Background Pregnant women belong to the special population of drug therapy, and their physiological state, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are significantly different from the general population. Drug safety during pregnancy involves two generations, which is a hot issue widely concerned in the whole society. Global Trigger Tool (GTT) of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) has been wildly used as a patient safety measurement strategy by several institutions and national programs, and the effectiveness had been demonstrated. But only one study reports the use of GTT in obstetric delivery until now. The aim of the study is to establish triggers detecting adverse drug events (ADEs) suitable for obstetric inpatients on the basis of the GTT, to examine the performance of the obstetric triggers in detecting ADEs experienced by obstetric units compared with the spontaneous reporting system and GTT, and to assess the utility and value of the obstetric trigger tool in identifying ADEs of obstetric inpatients. Methods Based on a literature review searched in PubMed and CNKI from January of 1997 to October of 2023, retrospective local obstetric ADEs investigations, relevant obstetric guidelines and the common adverse reactions of obstetric therapeutic drugs were involved to establish the initial obstetric triggers. According to the Delphi method, two rounds of expert questionnaire survey were conducted among 16 obstetric and neonatological physicians and pharmacists until an agreement was reached. A retrospective study was conducted to identity ADEs in 300 obstetric inpatient records at the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 1 to September 30, 2018. Two trained junior pharmacists analyzed the first eligible records independently, and the included records reviewed by trained pharmacist and physician to identify ADEs. Sensitivity and specificity of the established obstetric triggers were assessed by the number of ADEs/100 patients and positive predictive value with the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and GTT. Excel 2010 and SPSS22 were used for data analysis. Results Through two rounds of expert investigation, 39 preliminary triggers were established that comprised four modules (12 laboratory tests, 9 medications, 14 symptoms, and 4 outcomes). A total of 300 medical records were reviewed through the obstetric triggers, of which 48 cases of ADEs were detected, with an incidence of ADEs of 16%. Among the 39 obstetric triggers, 22 (56.41%) were positive and 11 of them detected ADEs. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 36.36%, and the number of ADEs/100 patients was 16.33 (95% CI, 4.19–17.81). The ADE detection rate, positive trigger rate, and PPV for the obstetric triggers were significantly augmented, confirming that the obstetric triggers were more specific and sensitive than SRS and GTT. Conclusion The obstetric triggers were proven to be sensitive and specific in the active monitoring of ADE for obstetric inpatients, which might serve as a reference for ADE detection of obstetric inpatients at medical institutions.

Passenger density is a major factor influencing indoor climate conditions and the corresponding energy consumption in the transfer halls of metro transportation hubs. In this study, passenger flow in a subway transfer hall in Beijing was measured across three typical seasons. A differential equation model was established to account for the characteristics of passenger density. Based on this, a passenger density prediction model was developed and utilized for analysis. The results show that passenger density is primarily affected by operation time and the surrounding population composition, with a relatively weak correlation to outdoor weather conditions. Additionally, passenger density differs significantly between weekdays and weekends, with the weekday peak being 2.5 times higher than that on weekends. During the four peak hours on weekdays, both in the morning and evening, passenger density exceeds the design capacity, resulting in insufficient fresh air supply. However, for most of the weekday hours and for all hours on weekends, passenger density remains below the design capacity. This indicates a substantial potential for energy savings by adjusting the fresh air supply according to actual passenger density.

The energy ecological footprint measures the environmental impact of energy consumption and is an important indicator for assessing sustainable development. This study introduced the concept of embodied carbon and developed a new energy ecological footprint accounting model. The Spatial Durbin Model was used to analyze the spillover effects of various factors influencing the energy ecological footprint. The quantile regression method was applied to examine the phased impact of each influencing factor on spatio-temporal evolution of the energy ecological footprint. A nested matrix was constructed to classify the quantile response types of each influencing factor and the spatio-temporal transition types. Additionally, a governance model for regional energy ecological footprint reduction was proposed. The results showed that: First, the spatio-temporal distribution of the energy ecological footprint of China's 29 provinces was not completely random while the energy ecological footprint of each province had significant spatial correlation characteristics. Moreover, the change of energy ecological footprint affected by its neighboring provinces. Second, industrial structure, environmental regulation, and urbanization level had a critical effect on the spatio-temporal evolution of China's energy ecological footprint. Furthermore, each factor will affect the change of the energy ecological footprint in the surrounding areas through the spatial transmission mechanism of the influencing factors, and there was a significant spatio-temporal spillover effect. Third, there were driving and constraint modes of spatio-temporal transition in the process of spatial agglomeration of energy ecological footprint in each province. Quantile regression model can well explain the driving mechanism of each driving factor on the spatio-temporal transition of energy ecological footprint, and there was a strong nesting between the quantile of driving factors at different response stages and the types of spatio-temporal transition of energy ecological footprint. These findings can serve as a basis for decision-making and help formulate targeted policies, considering the “common but differentiated” approach, to reduce China's energy ecological footprint at the provincial level.

Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) often have mixed infection in the process of clinical breeding, and PCV2 infection will cause immunosuppression in pigs, which is easy to stimulate or complicated with other infectious pathogens. Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) is a typical "opportunistic" pathogen, which often leads to mixed infection with PCV2 as a secondary pathogen. In order to establish a rapid and simultaneous detection of three pathogens of PPV, PCV2 and HPS, referring to the relevant genome sequence of GenBank, specific primers were designed according to the conserved region of VP2 gene of PPV, Cap gene of PCV2 and infB gene of HPS, and the amplified fragments were cloned into the vector to construct plasmid standard. Using standard samples with different dilutions as templates, adjusting primer concentration, annealing temperature and other conditions, a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for PPV, PCV2 and HPS triple SYBR Green I was established. Three specific Tm peaks could be generated on the same melting curve without cross-reaction with other pathogens. The minimum detection limits of this method were 153 copies/μL, 128 copies/μL and 91 copies/μL, with good specificity and repeatability, which provided technical support for rapid diagnosis of these three diseases and could be used for clinical tissue material detection.

The classic targeted therapy for skin malignant tumors has issues such as efficacy attenuation, drug resistance, and recurrence. Finding new treatment targets is of great significance for patients with skin malignant tumors. The Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in tumor proliferation, invasion, drug resistance and immunity. Targeted drugs through the Hippo signaling pathway have shown good application prospects in the combination therapy of skin malignant tumors, and are considered as an effective way to solve the problems of efficacy attenuation and drug resistance in targeted therapy in the future. This article reviews the physiological processes and potential mechanisms of Hippo pathway in skin malignant tumors, and discusses its role and significance in targeted combination therapy.

Abstract Modern communication and navigation systems are increasingly relying on atomic clocks. As timing precision requirements increase, demands for lower SWaP (size, weight, and power) clocks rise. However, it has been challenging to break through the general trade-off trend between the clock stability performance and SWaP. Here we demonstrate micro mercury trapped ion clock (M2TIC) prototypes integrated with novel micro-fabricated technologies to simultaneously achieve high performance and low SWaP. The M2TIC prototypes could reach the $$10^{-14}$$ 10 - 14 -stability level in 1 day with a SWaP of 1.1 L, 1.2 kg, and under 6 W of power. This stability level is comparable to the widely used rack-mount Microchip 5071A cesium frequency standard. These standalone prototypes survived regular commercial shipping across the North American continent to a government laboratory, where their performance was independently tested. The M2TIC sets a new reference point for SWaP and performance and opens opportunities for high-performance clocks in terrestrial and space applications.

Mixtures of active self-propelled and passive colloidal particles promise rich assembly and dynamic states that are beyond reach via equilibrium routes. Yet, controllable transition between different dynamic states remains rare. Here, we reveal a plethora of dynamic behaviors emerging in assemblies of chemically propelled snowman-like active colloids and passive spherical particles as the particle shape, size, and composition are tuned. For example, assembles of one or more active colloids with one passive particle exhibit distinct translating or orbiting states while those composed of one active colloid with 2 passive particles display persistent “8”-like cyclic motion or hopping between circling states around one passive particle in the plane and around the waist of 2 passive ones out of the plane, controlled by the shape of the active colloid and the size of the passive particles, respectively. These morphology-tailored dynamic transitions are in excellent agreement with state diagrams predicted by mesoscale dynamics simulations. Our work discloses new dynamic states and corresponding transition strategies, which promise new applications of active systems such as micromachines with functions that are otherwise impossible.

Diamond tools experience severe chemical wear when machining ferrous metals, which hinders their practical applications. In order to improve the wear resistance of diamond cutting tools, in the diamond-graphite strong covalent structure prepared by laser induced solid-phase diffusion, carbon nanosheets (CNS) can be obtained by electrochemical stripping of the graphite layer onto the diamond matrix, which provides a new way to improve the limitations of diamond tools in application. After 14,400 cycles of reciprocating sliding against the GCr15 ball at a normal load of 2–8 N, friction was reduced by 45.9 %–65.6 % with high durability. The oxygen content is reduced by an order of magnitude during this process, suggesting that the CNS can prevent oxidation behavior at the sliding interface. The bare diamond had a relative wear rate of 4.1–15.4 times that of the CNS. It showed competitive inhibition of mechanochemical wear. Our work provides a convenient and green method of preparing in-situ CNS covalently bonded on a diamond surface, extending the way for the prospect of carbon materials.

Microchannel heat dissipation systems are widely used in micro-electro mechanical systems owing to their high thermal conductivity and small size. Laser processing has the advantages of high efficiency and no tool contact, and is one of the best ways to process ceramic materials. However, the roughness of the machined surface will significantly affect the heat dissipation performance of the microchannel. In order to study the influence of roughness element characteristics on the heat dissipation efficiency of the micro-channel radiator, the surface roughness was simulated with typical shape, and the influence of different roughness element shape, height and spacing on the pressure field, velocity field and temperature field of the micro-channel radiator was analysed. The results indicate that the semi-circular roughness element has the highest heat transfer efficiency and that the overall flow is stable. With an increase in the height of the roughness element and a reduction in the spacing, the heat transfer efficiency and inlet/outlet pressure drop increased. When the height of the roughness element is 17.2 μm, the heat transfer ability was significantly improved and the pressure drop ratio is reduced by >20% compared with that for a height of 19.5 μm. When the distance between roughness elements is 33.5 μm, the maximum temperature of the heat dissipation system was only 331.85 K. Compared with other models, the temperature of the optimized model is reduced by 14.44K, and the heat transfer efficiency is the highest. The results of heat dissipation experiments show that compared with dry burning temperature, the optimized model can reduce the temperature of the micro-channel heat dissipation system by more than 73 K.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of INHBA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot methods were used to measure the expression levels of INHBA in 17 cases of normal skin (NS), 30 cases of actinic keratosis (AK) and 30 cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Results The immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive staining of INHBA was brown-yellow particles in the cytoplasm/nucleus, with positive rates of 23.53%, 66.67% and 86.67%, respectively, in NS, AK and cSCC (χ2=27.10,P=0.001). The relative expression levels of INHBA mRNA in NS, AK and cSCC were 1.097±0.083, 1.328±0.041, 1.731±0.064, respectively (F=48.53, P

Abstract Background To evaluate the value of a deep learning-based computer-aided diagnostic system (DL-CAD) in improving the diagnostic performance of acute rib fractures in patients with chest trauma. Materials and methods CT images of 214 patients with acute blunt chest trauma were retrospectively analyzed by two interns and two attending radiologists independently firstly and then with the assistance of a DL-CAD one month later, in a blinded and randomized manner. The consensusdiagnosis of fib fracture by another two senior thoracic radiologists was regarded as reference standard. The rib fracture diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, diagnostic confidence and mean reading time with and without DL-CAD were calculated and compared. Results There were 680 rib fracture lesions confirmed as reference standard among all patients. The diagnostic sensitivity and positive predictive value of interns weresignificantly improved from (68.82%, 84.50%) to (91.76%, 93.17%) with the assistance of DL-CAD, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity and positive predictive value of attendings aided by DL-CAD (94.56%, 95.67%) or not aided (86.47%, 93.83%), respectively. In addition, when radiologists were assisted by DL-CAD, the mean reading time was significantly reduced, and diagnostic confidence was significantly enhanced. Conclusions DL-CAD improves the diagnostic performance of acute rib fracture in chest trauma patients, which increases the diagnostic confidence, sensitivity, and positive predictive value for radiologists. DL-CAD can advance the diagnostic consistency of radiologists with different experiences.

BackgroundElderly patients frequently experience a high incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) due to the coexistence of multiple diseases, the combination of various medications, poor medication compliance, and other factors. Global Trigger Tool (GTT) is a new method for identifying ADEs, introducing the concept of a trigger, that is, clues including abnormal laboratory values, reversal drugs, and clinical symptoms that may suggest ADEs, and specifically locating information related to ADEs in the medical record to identify ADEs. The aim of this study was to establish a GTT-based trigger tool for adverse medication events in elderly patients and to investigate the risk variables associated with such events.MethodsThe triggers were identified by reviewing the frequency of ADEs in elderly patients in Sichuan, China, retrieving relevant literature, and consulting experts. A retrospective analysis was carried out to identify adverse medication occurrences among 480 elderly inpatients in Sichuan People’s Hospital.ResultsA total of 56 ADEs were detected in 51 patients (10.62%), 13.04 per 1,000 patient days, and 11.67 per 100 admissions. The overall positive predictive value (PPV) of the triggers was 23.84, and 94.64% of ADEs caused temporary injury. Gastrointestinal system injury (27.87%) and metabolic and nutritional disorders (24.53%) were the primary organ-systems affected by ADEs. The majority of ADEs were caused by drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases. 71.43% of ADE occurred within 2 days of administration and the risk factor analysis of ADE revealed that the number of medicines had a significant correlation.ConclusionThis study demonstrated GTT’s value as a tool for ADEs detection in elderly inpatients in China. It enhances the level of medication management and comprehensively reflects the situation of ADE of the elderly.

Abstract The Moho is the interface between crust and mantle, and accurate location of the Moho is important for both resource exploration and deep earth condition and structural change investigations. The theory of the traditional Parker‐Oldenburg (P‐O) method is quite simple and it is widely applied in the frequency domain of Moho depth inversion. However, Moho fluctuation simulations using the P‐O method are not reliable because of the lack of field geographic data constraints during the inversion process and the excessively smoothing of data details caused by using filters to correct the source data signals. To solve those problems, we propose an improved iteration P‐O method with a variable density contrast model, the iterative process is constrained by geological data in the inversion parameters, and the variable depth of the gravity interface is iterated using an equivalent form of upward continuation in the Fourier domain, which is more stable and convergent than downward continuation term in original P‐O method. Synthetic experiments indicate that improved method has the better consistency among the simulations than original method, and our improved method has the smallest root mean square (RMS) of 0.59 km. In a real case, we employed the improved method to invert for the Moho depth of the South China Sea (SCS), and the RMS between our Moho depth model and the seismological data is the smallest value of 2.27 km. The synthetic experiments and application of the model to the SCS further prove that our method is practical and efficient.

The present study examined how engaging in public interactions via WeChat Moments (i.e., interactions all WeChat contacts can access) was related to the emotional well-being of Chinese seniors and emerging seniors (50 years or older). Results of an online survey (N = 506) demonstrated that perceived educational self-network discrepancy of WeChat network moderated the relationship between public interactions and emotional well-being such that only at a high level of perceived educational self-network discrepancy public interactions exhibited a significant negative relationship with emotional well-being. Additionally, the interaction between public interactions and perceived educational/social class self-network discrepancy on emotional well-being was further moderated by the participants’ age. Specifically, the relationship between public interactions and emotional well-being was only significant and negative at high levels of perceived educational/social class self-network discrepancy among older Chinese seniors and emerging seniors, whereas this relationship was not significant at any level of perceived educational/social class self-network discrepancy among their younger counterparts. This study develops the scholarship on social networking services and well-being by suggesting that the responses one receives from their online network can have a critical impact on their well-being and provides implications about extending socioemotional selectivity theory.

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infectious disease suffered by many countries, including China. In this stage, accurate diagnosis and treatment are key measures for the prevention and control of TB. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a global emerging Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism characterized by its high contribution to the increase in crude mortality rates. By single cell preparation and strain identification, we isolated S. maltophilia from stored cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We found that S. maltophilia could not be removed from sputum by alkali treatment or inhibited by antibiotic mixture added to MGIT 960 indicator tubes. When co-cultured with Mtb on a Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) slant, it could inhibit the growth of Mtb and liquefy the medium. More seriously, it was resistant to 10 of the 12 anti-TB drugs, including isoniazid and rifampin, and made the mixed samples display multidrug-resistant Mtb (MDR-TB) results in the drug sensitivity test, which might change a treatment regimen and increase disease burden. Following, we conducted a small-scale surveillance which showed that the isolation rate of S. maltophilia in TB patients was 6.74%, but these patients had no special characteristics and the presence of S. maltophilia was hidden. The effect of S. maltophilus on TB and its mechanism are unclear and require more attention. IMPORTANCE China is a high-burden country for tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB), and HIV-associated TB. Increasing the positive rate of culture and the accuracy of antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are important for diagnosis, treatment, and control of TB. In our study, we found that the isolation rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in TB patients was not neglectable and that this bacterium affects the isolation and AST results of TB. Due to a lack of relevant research, the impact of S. maltophilia on the course and outcome of TB is unclear. However, the characteristics of S. maltophilia that increase disease mortality require attention. Therefore, in the clinical testing of TB, in addition to mycobacteria, it is recommended to increase the detection of co-infected bacteria and improve the awareness of TB clinicians of these bacteria.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) currently has been widely used in various medical fields, such as tissue regeneration, wound healing, scar repair, skin and hair regeneration etc..PRP is rich in platelets, growth factors and other blood components, which can effectively promote tissue repair and healing. However, there is no optimal preparation method and unified standard of composition ratio for PRP, so its clinical application value has not been satisfactorily interpreted yet. In this paper, the preparation and quality standard of PRP were reviewed to provide basis for standardization of RPP in clinical application.

Study Region: Yangtze River basin Study Focus: To improve the potential of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission for estimating terrestrial water storage variations (ΔTWS) in smaller basins than its typical footprints (150,000 – 200,000 km2), an improved method named the Multi-Lagrange multiplier method (MLMM) is proposed to decrease leakage errors and restore signals from an independent hydrologic model. The MLMM is applied to estimate ΔTWS in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) and eleven of its sub-basins, and is assessed from different GRACE solutions and ground-based precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and runoff (R). Results indicate that MLMM estimates the leakage correction satisfactorily for small sub-basins. In the Tai Lake basin, the leakage ratio is improved by 16%. Excluding the Han River basin, ΔTWS from MLMM over the YRB are the best among different tested methods with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency larger than 0.80, and the best root means square error (1.34 cm). New Hydrological Insights for the Region: The main contributor to ΔTWS over the YRB is P with 60%. The contribution of ET to ΔTWS is more extensive than that of R over the middle of YRB. The ΔTWS and the total groundwater and surface water were all increasing over the YRB and eleven of its sub-basins. This paper concludes that the proposed MLMM is helpful for ΔTWS estimation in the small ungauged basins.

Abstract Background Injury to the external iliac artery can have serious consequences and can be extremely challenging for surgeons. Here, we report a patient with bizarre disconnection of the external iliac artery during a laparoscopic operation. Case presentation On May 27, 2020, during a laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy operation to treat endometrial stromal sarcoma, we encountered an unusual anatomy: abnormal disconnection of the left external iliac artery in a 26-year-old female patient. The proximal and distal ends of the left external iliac artery demonstrated old narrowing without active bleeding, and the distance between the two disconnected ends was more than 3 cm. The scenario was surprising to all the staff in the operating theater. After a comprehensive assessment of skin temperature, arterial pulsation and arterial blood flow, a multidisciplinary team determined that collateral circulation of the left lower limb had been established and could meet the blood supply of the lower limbs, which was also confirmed three times by computed tomography angiography and Doppler ultrasound of the blood vessels in the abdomen and lower limbs. Sixteen months after the operation, the patient had no obvious abnormality, and the daily activities of the left lower limb were not affected. Follow-up after treatment for the patient is still in progress. Conclusions We describe the details of the whole case of disconnection of the external iliac artery. We hope to summarize the experience and lessons learned through this case and a relevant literature review to improve the safety and orderliness of our future clinical work.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutual association with the majority of land plants, including most angiosperms of the dicotyledon and monocotyledon lineages. The symbiosis is based upon bidirectional nutrient exchange between the host and symbiont that occurs between inner cortical cells of the root and branched AM hyphae called arbuscules that develop within these cells. Lipid transport and its regulation during the symbiosis have been intensively investigated in dicotyledon plants, especially legumes. Here, we characterize OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L, homologs of Medicago truncatula RAM2, and found that plants defective in OsRAM2 were unable to be colonized by AM fungi and showed impaired colonization by Magnaporthe oryzae. The induction of OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L is dependent on OsRAM1 and the common symbiosis signaling pathway pathway genes CCaMK and CYCLOPS, while overexpression of OsRAM1 results in increased expression of OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L. Collectively, our data show that the function and regulation of OsRAM2 is conserved in monocot and dicot plants and reveals that, similar to mutualistic fungi, pathogenic fungi have recruited RAM2-mediated fatty acid biosynthesis to facilitate invasion.[Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Tool wear state recognition is an important part of tool condition monitoring (TCM). Online tool wear monitoring can avoid wasteful early tool changes and degraded workpiece quality due to later tool changes. This study incorporated an attention mechanism implemented by one-dimensional convolution in a convolutional neural network for improving the performance of the tool wear recognition model (1DCCA-CNN). The raw multichannel cutting signals were first preprocessed and three time-domain features were extracted to form a new time-domain sequence. CNN was used for deep feature extraction of temporal sequences. A novel 1DCNN-based channel attention mechanism was proposed to weigh the channel dimensions of deep features to enhance important feature channels and capture key features. Compared with the traditional squeeze excitation attention mechanism, 1DCNN can enhance the information interaction between channels. The performance of the model was validated on the PHM2010 public cutting dataset. The excellent performance of the proposed 1DCCA-CNN was verified by the improvement of 4% and 5% compared to the highest level of existing research results on T1 and T3 datasets, respectively.

The demand for high-performance underwater thrusters in marine engineering is increasing. The concealed, mobile, and efficient underwater ability of fish provides many directions for research. The black ghost knifefish uses only wavy ventral fins to swim and can hover and roll in the water. Based on the physiological and morphological characteristics of the black ghost knifefish, we explored the structure and movement mode of the ventral fin, so as to establish a two-degree of freedom (2-DOF) structural model and kinematic model. We reveal the motion mechanism of the undulating fin propulsion through the constructed model and computational fluid dynamics. It is found that when the fin surface fluctuates, a pair of vortices with opposite directions will be formed on the concave side of the fin surface. These vortices will produce a central jet on the fin surface, provide a reverse impulse for the ventral fin, and make the fin obtain power. In addition, we found that the propulsive force of the ribbon fin along the body direction is positively correlated with the swing amplitude and frequency of the fin movement, and the propulsive torque of the ribbon fin to realize the maneuvering movement increases first and then decreases with the increase of the torsion angle. The research on the structure and motion mechanism of the ribbon fin of the black ghost knifefish provides a basis for the development of a bionic prototype of multi-DOF motion and the control strategy of high-mobility motion.

Reasonable generator serial restoration sequence is a key issue to the system restoration following blackouts. This paper proposed an optimization method for the decision making of generator serial restoration sequence based on Monte Carlo tree search algorithm. First, the generator serial restoration sequence mechanism during the restoration process is analyzed. Considering the maximization of the total power generation capacity as the objective function, this paper also consider generator’s hot start. Second, the Monte Carlo tree search algorithm (MCTS) is applied to decide the generator serial restoration sequence. In the simulation stage of MCTS, the Dijkstra’s algorithm is utilized to determine the shortest path between the selected generator and the recovered power system. Finally, the IEEE 39 bus system and Hebei power grid system are used to validate the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method is efficiency and it can provide an reasonable generator serial restoration sequence to maximizing power generation during the restoration process.

BackgroundA third mRNA vaccine booster is recommended to improve immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral strain and Delta and Omicron variants elicited by the third dose of inactivated booster vaccine in KTRs remains unknown.MethodsThe blood parameters related to blood cells count, hepatic function, kidney function, heart injury and immunity were explored clinically from laboratory examinations. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody IgG titer was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular immunity was analyzed using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay.ResultsThe results showed that there were no severe adverse effects and apparent changes of clinical laboratory biomarkers in KTRs and healthy volunteers (HVs) after homologous inactivated vaccine booster. A third dose of inactivated vaccine booster significantly increased anti-Ancestral-spike-trimer-IgG and anti-Ancestral-receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG titers in KTRs and HVs compared with the second vaccination. However, the anti-Delta-RBD-IgG and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG titers were significantly lower than anti-Ancestral-RBD-IgG titer in KTRs and HVs after the third dose. Notably, only 25.6% (10/39) and 10.3% (4/39) of KTRs had seropositivity for anti-Delta-RBD-IgG and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG after booster, which were significantly lower than HVs (anti-Delta-RBD-IgG: 100%, anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG: 77.8%). Ancestral strain nucleocapsid protein and spike specific T cell frequency after booster was not significantly increased in KTRs compared with the second dose, significantly lower than that in HVs. Moreover, 33.3% (12/36), 14.3% (3/21) and 14.3% (3/21) of KTRs were positive for the Ancestral strain and Delta and Omicron spike-specific T cells, which were significantly lower than HVs (Ancestral: 80.8%, Delta: 53.8%, and Omicron: 57.7%).ConclusionsA third dose of inactivated booster vaccine may significantly increase humoral immunity against the Ancestral strain in KTRs, while humoral and cellular immunity against the Delta and Omicron variants were still poor in KTRs.

Abstract Background Human astrovirus (HAstV) and sapovirus (SaV) are common pathogens that can cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, very few studies have reported the molecular epidemiology and clinical information on HAstV and SaV in China. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology and clinical features of HAstV and SaV in patients with AGE in Guangzhou, China. Methods For this study, 656 patients with AGE were enrolled. Their stool samples were screened for 15 enteropathogens using Luminex xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel. HAstV and SaV were detected through an in-house multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by phylogenetic analysis. We described and compared clinical features of AGE in patients with HAstV and SaV. Results Of the 656 stool samples, 63.72% (418/656) were found to be positive, with 550 enteropathogens (296 bacteria and 254 viruses). HAstV and SaV were detected in 20 (3.0%) and 12 (1.8%) samples, respectively. Four genotypes (genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 8) of HAstV and three genotypes (GI.1, GI.2 and GIV) of SaV were identified. Coinfection was observed in ten HAstV-positive and two SaV-positive samples. HAstV was more likely to occur in winter, while SaV in early spring. The median age of the patients with single HAstV infection was higher than that of the patients with other viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, and enteric adenovirus; P = 0.0476) and unknown etiology (P = 0.006). Coinfection with HAstV or SaV were not associated with disease severity (P > 0.05). Conclusion HAstV and SaV are the common causes of AGE in Guangzhou, China.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether the pulmonary MR imaging with free-breathing radial 3D fat-suppressed T1-weighted gradient echo (r-VIBE) sequence can detect lung lesions and display lesion profiles with an accuracy comparable to that of computed tomography (CT), which is the reference standard in this study. Population Sixty-three consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled between October, 2016 and March, 2017. All the patients received both 3T MRI scanning with a free-breathing r-VIBE sequence and chest standard CT. Morphologic features of lesions were evaluated by two radiologists with a 5-point system. Chest standard CT were used as reference standard. Weighted kappa analysis and chi-squared test were used to determine both inter-observer agreement and inter-method agreement. Results A total of 210 solid pulmonary nodules or masses and 1 ground-glass nodule were detected by CT. Compared to CT, r-VIBE correctly detected 95.7% of pulmonary nodules, including 100% of detection rate with diameter greater than 6 mm, 92.3% of pulmonary nodules with diameter between 4 and 6 mm, and 83.3% of pulmonary nodules with diameter less than 4 mm The inter-method agreements between r-VIBE and standard-dose CT were either “substantial” or “excellent” in the evaluation of following features of pulmonary nodules with diameter more than 10mm: including lobulation, spiculation, convergence of vessels, bubble-like attenuation, cavitation and mediastinal lymph node enlargement (0.605≤K≤1.000; P

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis, and Pasteurelle multocida are common pathogens of respiratory diseases in the pig industry, and they may cause secondary infections and serious economic losses to the pig industry. The clinical symptoms caused by these three pathogens are difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, and mix infections bring difficulties to the diagnosis of diseases. In this study, specific primers were designed on the basis of A. pleuropneumoniae Apx IV, H. parasuis Omp P2 and P. multocida PlpE gene. The expected amplified products of A. pleuropneumoniae, H. parasuis, and P. multocida were 157, 120 and 305 bp, respectively. After the amplified fragment was cloned into a vector, a standard plasmid was constructed. By using the standard plasmid as template, a fluorescence quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of A. pleuropneumoniae, H. parasuis, and P. multocida multiple SYBR Green I was established. Combined with melting curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability were also evaluated. The results showed that the sensitivity of the method for detecting the three pathogens were 147, 145, and 61 copies/μL. On the same melting curve that produced three specific Tm peaks, no cross reaction with other bacteria was observed, and the method demonstrated good specificity and repeatability. This method could be used for the simultaneous detection of the three pathogens, thus providing an effective detection tool for disease prevention and treatment.

Immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells may contribute to recurrent implantation failure (RIF) during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). In this study, we sought to determine the effect of intrauterine administration of mouse PBMCs prior to embryo implantation on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation, and examine the underlying mechanism of Treg/Th17 cell balance following intrauterine administration of PBMCs. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, embryo implantation dysfunction (EID) group, and EID with PBMCs group, and the number of embryo implantation sites was recorded during early pregnancy (Pd7.5). The balance of Treg/Th17 cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, and local implantation sites was detected during the peri-implantation period (Pd4.0) and early pregnancy (Pd7.5). The EID group demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of embryo implantation sites, while the EID with PBMCs group demonstrated higher number of embryo implantation sites compared to the EID group. The balance of Treg/Th17 cells in the peripheral blood and spleen tissues was not significantly different between the aforementioned groups. However, the local uterine ratio of the Treg/Th17 cells increased in the EID with PBMCs group compared to that in the EID group. Collectively, we found that intrauterine administration of PBMCs prior to embryo implantation effectively promotes embryo implantation rates. This may be attributed to the improvement in the local immune balance of Treg and Th17 cells compared with the overall immune balance.

BackgroundThe prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) varies from 5% to 20% in patients with hypertension but is largely underdiagnosed. Expanding screening for PA to all patients with hypertension to improve diagnostic efficiency is needed. A novel and portable prediction tool that can expand screening for PA is highly desirable.MethodsClinical characteristics and laboratory data of 1,314 patients with hypertension were collected for modeling and randomly divided into a training cohort (919 of 1,314, 70%) and an internal validation cohort (395 of 1,314, 30%). Additionally, an external dataset (n = 285) was used for model validation. Machine learning algorithms were applied to develop a discriminant model. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to evaluate the performance of the model.ResultsSeven independent risk factors for predicting PA were identified, including age, sex, hypokalemia, serum sodium, serum sodium-to-potassium ratio, anion gap, and alkaline urine. The prediction model showed sufficient predictive accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.81–0.87), 0.814 (95% CI: 0.77–0.86), and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.79–0.89) in the training set, internal validation, and external validation set, respectively. The calibration curves exhibited good agreement between the predictive risk of the model and the actual risk. An online prediction model was developed to make the model more portable to use.ConclusionThe online prediction model we constructed using conventional clinical characteristics and laboratory tests is portable and reliable. This allowed it to be widely used not only in the hospital but also in community health service centers and may help to improve the diagnostic efficiency of PA.

Motivated by the increasing number of drones used for package delivery, we first study the problem of Multiple drOne collaborative Routing dEsign (MORE) in this article. That is, given a fixed number of drones and customers, determining the delivery trip for drones under capacity constraint with stochastic demand for customers such that the overall expected traveling cost is minimized. To address the MORE problem, we first prove that MORE falls into the realm of the classical vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand and then propose an effective algorithm for MORE. Next, we have a scheme of resplitting customers into different individual delivery trips while the stochastic demands are determined. Moreover, we consider a variety of MORE, MORE-TW, and design an effective algorithm to address it. We conduct simulation experiments for MORE to verify our theoretical findings. The results show that our algorithm outperforms other comparison algorithms by at least 79.60%.

Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor Arctic sea ice (ASI) thickness for several decades, but whether the different altimeter missions (such as radar and laser altimeters) are in agreement with each other and suitable for long-term research needs to be investigated. To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of ASI, continuous long-term first-year ice, and multi-year ice of ASI freeboard, thickness, and volume from 2002 to 2021 using the gridded nadirization method from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2, altimeter data are comprehensively constructed and assessed. The influences of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind field (SSW) on ASI are also discussed. The freeboard/thickness and extent/area of ASI all varied seasonally and reached their maximum and minimum in April and October, March and September, respectively. From 2002 to 2021, the freeboard, thickness, extent, and area of ASI all consistently showed downward trends, and sea ice volume decreased by 5437 km3/month. SST in the Arctic rose by 0.003 degrees C/month, and the sea ice changes lagged behind this temperature variation by one month between 2002 and 2021. The meridional winds blowing from the central Arctic region along the eastern coast of Greenland to the North Atlantic each month are consistent with changes in the freeboard and thickness of ASI. SST and SSW are two of the most critical factors driving sea ice changes. This study provides new data and technical support for monitoring ASI and exploring its response mechanisms to climate change.

With the development of technology，the high precision transmission equipment has higher and higher requirements on gear. In the gearbox of main reduction helical cylindrical gear as the research object，by using Romax software，the gearbox model is established，combining the theory of microscopic parameters optimization of cylindrical bevel wheel，the transmission error，distribution of load per unit length of gear tooth surface and the contact spot are taken as the optimization objectives for microscopic gear modification，an omnidirectional modification method combining helical modification and tooth profile modification is proposed. By comparing the goal of the optimization of the gear parameters before and after modification，reduce the optimized transmission error and tooth surface load distribution more uniform，good contact spots，improve the gear meshing，improve the service life of the gear.

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI) cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children. Unfortunately, there are limited multi-center data on common viral respiratory infections in south China. Methods A total of 4403 nasal swabs were collected from children in 10 cities in Guangdong, China in 2019. Seven respiratory viruses, influenza A virus (IFA), influenza B virus (IFB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses (ADV) and parainfluenza virus types 1–3 (PIV1, PIV2 and PIV3), were detected by direct immunofluorescence antibody assay. The personal information and clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results The results showed that at least one virus was detected in 1099 (24.96 %) samples. The detection rates of RSV, IFA, ADV, PIV3, PIV1 and PIV2 were 7.13 % (314/4403), 5.31 % (234/4403), 4.02 % (177/4403), 3.04 % (134/4403), 1.70 % (75/4403) and 1.16 % (51/4403), respectively. The detection rate of RSV was highest in 0–6-month-old children at 18.18 % (106/583), while the detection rate of IFA was highest in 12–18-year-old children at 20.48 % (17/83). The total detection rates in winter and spring were 35.67 % (219/614) and 34.56 % (403/1166), higher than those in summer, 17.41 % (284/1631), and autumn, 19.46 % (193/992). Conclusions RSV and IFA were the main respiratory viruses in children. With increasing age the detection rate of RSV decreased in children, but the trends for the detection rates of IFA and IFB were the opposite. This study provided the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients with ARI in Guangdong, China.

Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease clinically characterized by chronic recurrent eczematous lesions, dry skin, and pruritus. AD can negatively impact patients’ quality of life. The prevalence of AD in China has been increasing during the past few decades. Based on the most recent advances in the treatment of AD, we updated the 2014 version of the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in China regarding the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD.

Chemotherapeutic treatments are indispensable in the treatment of breast cancer. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistance, strong cell toxicity, and poor targeting selection has inhibited their clinical application. In this study, two synergistic drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CUR), were co-administered to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). Based on the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, we developed folic acid-modified nanoparticles ((DOX + CUR)-FA-NPs) based on a star-shaped polyester (FA-TRI-CL) to enhance the tumor targeting selectivity and drug loading (DL) capacity. The (DOX + CUR)-FA-NPs displayed a characteristic spheroid morphology with an ideal diameter (186.52 nm), polydispersity index (0.024), zeta potential (–18.87 mV), and good entrapment efficiency (97.64%/78.13%, DOX/CUR) and DL (20.27%/11.29%, DOX/CUR) values. In vitro pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic experiments demonstrated that the (DOX + CUR)-FA-NPs were gradually released, and they displayed the highest cell apoptosis and cellular uptake in MCF-7/ADR cells. Additionally, in vivo results illustrated that (DOX + CUR)-FA-NPs not only displayed significant tumor targeting and anticancer efficacy, but also induced less pathological damage to the normal tissue. In summary, co-administered DOX and CUR appeared to reverse MDR, and this targeted combinational nanoscale delivery system could thus be a promising carrier for tumor therapies in the future.

Background: The existence of maternal malignancy may cause false-positive results or failed tests of NIPT. Though recent studies have shown multiple chromosomal aneuploidies (MCA) are associated with malignancy, there is still no effective solution to identify maternal cancer patients from pregnant women with MCA results using NIPT. We aimed to develop a new method to effectively detect maternal cancer in pregnant women with MCA results using NIPT and a random forest classifier to identify the tissue origin of common maternal cancer types.Methods: For examination, 496 participants with MCA results via NIPT were enrolled from January 2016 to June 2019 at BGI. Cancer and non-cancer participants were confirmed through the clinical follow-up. The cohort comprising 42 maternal cancer cases and 294 non-cancer cases enrolled from January 2016 to December 2017 was utilized to develop a method named mean of the top five chromosome z scores (MTOP5Zscores). The remaining 160 participants enrolled from January 2018 to June 2019 were used to validate the performance of MTOP5Zscores. We established a random forest model to classify three common cancer types using normalized Pearson correlation coefficient (NPCC) values, z scores of 22 chromosomes, and seven plasma tumor markers (PTMs) as predictor variables.Results: 62 maternal cancer cases were confirmed with breast cancer, liver cancer, and lymphoma, the most common cancer types. MTOP5Zscores showed a sensitivity of 85% (95% confidence interval (CI), 62.11–96.79%) and specificity of 80% (95% CI, 72.41–88.28%) in the detection of maternal cancer among pregnant women with MCA results. The sensitivity of the classifier was 93.33, 66.67, and 50%, while specificity was 66.67, 90, and 97.06%, and positive predictive value (PPV) was 60.87, 72.73, and 80% for the prediction of breast cancer, liver cancer, and lymphoma, respectively.Conclusion: This study presents a solution to identify maternal cancer patients from pregnant women with MCA results using NIPT, indicating it as a value-added application of NIPT in the detection of maternal malignancies in addition to screening for fetal aneuploidies with no extra cost.

Podocytes are an important component of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys. The dysfunction and apoptosis of podocytes are important factors that can lead to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, angiotensin II is continuously elevated in circulation and is considered to have key roles in inducing podocyte injury and apoptosis. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenolic compound extracted from turmeric. Increasing evidence demonstrates that curcumin has a protective effect on the kidneys in CKD. However, the mechanisms mediating this protective effect remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether curcumin could protect against angiotensin II‐induced injury and apoptosis of podocytes. We performed western blotting, immunofluorescence, phalloidin staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick‐end labeling staining to observe the expression level of podocyte‐specific proteins, apoptosis‐related proteins, and the arrangement of F‐actin. We found that curcumin could reverse angiotensin II‐induced podocyte injury and apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, curcumin dose‐dependently attenuated a pro‐apoptotic pathway, activated by angiotensin II‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Conversely, the protective effects of curcumin were impaired upon addition of tunicamycin, an activator of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, we speculate that curcumin protects against angiotensin II‐induced podocyte injury and apoptosis, at least partly by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Abstract Background To assess the feasibility of various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the detection of pulmonary nodules by comparing the detection rate of computed tomography (CT). Methods Forty-two patients with pulmonary nodules detected by multi-slice CT (MSCT) were prospectively enrolled in the present study between November 2016 and February 2017. Chest MRI was acquired within 24 h of CT. The MRI protocol included free-breathing radial VIBE (r-VIBE) and a conventional breathhold T1-weighted VIBE (C-VIBE) were analyzed by two independent radiologists. Both detection and morphology results of each MRI image were recorded. Subjective image evaluation in terms of overall nodule morphology on the MRI images was carried out using the 4-point scoring criteria. The MRI results were compared with those from CT, with the results of MSCT serving as the reference standard. Results Two hundred and fifty-eight solid pulmonary nodules in 42 patients were detected by CT. The r-VIBE correctly detected 94% of the pulmonary nodules as compared with CT. The detection rate increased to 100% for lesions ≥6 mm. The C-VIBE had a lower overall detection rate (64.3%) of pulmonary nodules. The difference in the subjective image evaluation scores between the two sequences was statistically significant (p

To examine the feasibility of using a computer tool for stratifying the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on computed tomography (CT) images. We retrospectively examined 44 confirmed COVID-19 cases. All cases were evaluated separately by radiologists (visually) and through an in-house computer software. The degree of lesions was visually scored by the radiologist, as follows, for each of the 5 lung lobes: 0, no lesion present; 1, 1/3 and 2/3 involvement. Lesion density was assessed based on the proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and fibrosis of the lesions. The parameters obtained using the computer tool included lung volume (mL), lesion volume (mL), lesion percentage (%), and mean lesion density (HU) of the whole lung, right lung, left lung, and each lobe. The scores obtained by the radiologists and quantitative results generated by the computer software were tested for correlation. A Chi-square test was used to test the consistency of radiologist- and computer-derived lesion percentage in the right/left lung, upper/lower lobe, and each of the 5 lobes. The results showed a strong to moderate correlation between lesion percentage scores obtained by radiologists and the computer software (r ranged from 0.7679 to 0.8373, P

Abstract Background Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is a subset of acute aortic syndrome, and its prognosis may differ between races. This study aimed to study the prognosis of Chinese type B IMH patients and to find out risk factors. Methods A total of 71 type B IMH patients with or without penetrating atherosclerosis ulcer (PAU) administrated in our center between September 2013 and October 2017 were retrospectively studied. Both clinical and imaging data were collected and analyzed. The primary end point was aorta-related death, and the secondary end point was progression, which was defined as enlargement of aorta, increased aortic wall thickness, and aortic dissection or aneurysm formation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for prognostic analysis. Results Among these 71 patients, 21 had simple type B IMH, when 50 had type B IMH in association with PAU. Twenty-five patients received optimal medical therapy (OMT) alone, while 46 patients received surgery and OMT. The mean follow-up time was 27.5 ± 13.5 months. For type B IMH patients, association with PAU indicated poor prognosis and required more intensive management (HR = 16.68, 1.96~141.87), while maximum aortic diameter (MAD) was an independent risk factor (HR = 1.096, 1.016~1.182). For patients with PAU-IMH, MAD was an independent risk factor (HR = 1.04, 1.021~1.194), while surgical treatment was independent protective factor (HR = 0.172, 0.042~0.696). Conclusion Association with PAU and MAD were independent risk factors for type B IMH patients. Surgery may improve the outcomes for type B IMH in association with PAU.

Based on the analysis on the influencing factors of urban logistics demand, this paper, taking into account the logistics demand with non-linear and small sample modeling characteristics from the perspective of urban freight volume, introduces the ant colony algorithm into the modeling process to optimize the penalty parameter “c” and “g” parameter of Radial Basis Function in support vector machine, and has made a prediction to the logistics demand of Qingdao with the optimized support vector machine model. The experimental results show that the prediction results of the improved support vector machine can bring the prediction closer to the reality with their more accuracy, stronger stability and less error rate, thus providing a guarantee for the logistics demand forecast of Qingdao.

Highly efficient catalysts are demanded to realize selective hydrogenation of ketone/aldehydes to alcohols under mild conditions. Here, the authors report a TiO2 supported Pd single-atom/nanoparticles synergistic catalyst with outstanding hydrogenation performance at room temperature.

Abstract The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event has a long incubation process, during which the interannual variation of length‐of‐day (LOD) and the atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) series will be quickly affected due to the interaction between sea and air. Based on the comparisons between filtered interannual LOD variation, the AAM, the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for the period of January 1953 and December 2013, the relationships among them and ENSO are studied. The results demonstrate that AAM changes and SOI/ONI series have similar waveform structures and trends. Interannual LOD variations, atmospheric LOD excitations, and ENSO indices such as the SOI and ONI are well correlated as a consequence of angular momentum conservation. AAMs can be accurately modeled at present, taking ESMGFZ as an example, its sampling interval can reach 3 hr, and can realize accurate prediction in the next 90 days. Consequently, AAM series also can be used as an index for ENSO events and has its own advantages compared with SOI/ONI.

A three-dimensional MnO/C nanocomposite is fabricated through a simple route of immersion and subsequent calcination. The carbon content and morphology of the sample are adjusted by adjusting the calcination temperature. This material combines the excellent lithium storage performance of MnO and the good stability of carbon. Because MnO is embedded in the three-dimensional carbon networks, it can provide proper space to alleviate the volume effect during discharging and charging. The unique architecture and large surface area enable the composites to exhibit remarkable lithium storage properties with outstanding rate performance, high reversible capacity, and cycle life. The optimized sample (MnO/C-750) has excellent performance of 1067.95 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 200 cycles and 722.32 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 600 cycles.

Objective: To investigate the associations between intrapulmonary vascular volume (IPVV) depicted on inspiratory and expiratory CT scans and disease severity in COPD patients, and to determine which CT parameters can be used to predict IPVV.Methods: We retrospectively collected 89 CT examinations acquired on COPD patients from an available database. All subjects underwent both inspiratory and expiratory CT scans. We quantified the IPVV, airway wall thickness (WT), the percentage of the airway wall area (WA%), and the extent of emphysema (LAA%−950) using an available pulmonary image analysis tool. The underlying relationship between IPVV and COPD severity, which was defined as mild COPD (GOLD stage I and II) and severe COPD (GOLD stage III and IV), was analyzed using the Student's t-test (or Mann-Whitney U-test). The correlations of IPVV with pulmonary function tests (PFTs), LAA%−950, and airway parameters for the third to sixth generation bronchus were analyzed using the Pearson or Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression.Results: In the subgroup with only inspiratory examinations, the correlation coefficients between IPVV and PFT measures were −0.215 ~ −0.292 (p < 0.05), the correlation coefficients between IPVV and WT3−6 were 0.233 ~ 0.557 (p < 0.05), and the correlation coefficient between IPVV and LAA%−950 were 0.238 ~ 0.409 (p < 0.05). In the subgroup with only expiratory scan, the correlation coefficients between IPVV and PFT measures were −0.238 ~ −0.360 (p < 0.05), the correlation coefficients between IPVV and WT3−6 were 0.260 ~ 0.566 (p < 0.05), and the correlation coefficient between IPVV and LAA%−950 were 0.241 ~ 0.362 (p < 0.05). The multiple stepwise regression analyses demonstrated that WT were independently associated with IPVV (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The expiratory CT scans can provide a more accurate assessment of COPD than the inspiratory CT scans, and the airway wall thickness maybe an independent predictor of pulmonary vascular alteration in patients with COPD.

Tumorigenesis refers to the process of clonal dysplasia that occurs due to the collapse of normal growth regulation in cells caused by the action of various carcinogenic factors. These “successful” tumor cells pass on the genetic templates to their generations in evolutionary terms, but they also constantly adapt to ever-changing host environments. A unique peculiarity known as intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is extensively involved in tumor development, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. An understanding of ITH is urgently required to identify the diversity and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), but achieving this understanding has been a challenge. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a powerful tool that can gauge the distribution of genomic sequences in a single cell and the genetic variability among tumor cells, which can improve the understanding of ITH. SCS provides fundamental ideas about existing diversity in specific TMEs, thus improving cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, as well as improving the monitoring of therapeutic response. Herein, we will discuss advances in SCS and review SCS application in tumors based on current evidence.