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Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy that arises from biliary epithelial cells, has a dismal prognosis, and few targeted therapies are available. Aurora B, a key mitotic regulator, has been reported to be involved in the progression of various tumors, yet its role in CCA is still unclarified. Methods Human CCA tissues and murine spontaneous CCA models were used to assess Aurora B expression in CCA. A loss‐of‐function model was constructed in CCA cells to determine the role of Aurora B in CCA progression. Subcutaneous and liver orthotopic xenograft models were used to assess the therapeutic potential of Aurora B inhibitors in CCA. Results In murine spontaneous CCA models, Aurora B was significantly upregulated. Elevated Aurora B expression was also observed in 62.3% of human specimens in our validation cohort (143 CCA specimens), and high Aurora B expression was positively correlated with pathological parameters of tumors and poor survival. Knockdown of Aurora B by siRNA and heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) or an Aurora B kinase inhibitor (AZD1152) significantly suppressed CCA progression via G2/M arrest induction. An interaction between Aurora B and c‐Myc was found in CCA cells. Targeting Aurora B significantly reduced this interaction and accelerated the proteasomal degradation of c‐Myc, suggesting that Aurora B promoted the malignant properties of CCA by stabilizing c‐Myc. Furthermore, sequential application of AZD1152 or Aurora B HDO drastically improved the efficacy of gemcitabine in CCA. Conclusions Aurora B plays an essential role in CCA progression by modulating c‐Myc stability and represents a new target for treatment and chemosensitization in CCA.

Abstract Background and purpose In the context of the widespread availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and aggressive salvage irradiation techniques, there has been controversy surrounding the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. This study aimed to explore whether regular brain MRI plus salvage brain irradiation (SBI) is not inferior to PCI in patients with limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC). Methods This real-world multicenter study, which was conducted between January 2014 and September 2020 at three general hospitals, involved patients with LS-SCLC who had a good response to initial chemoradiotherapy and no brain metastasis confirmed by MRI. Overall survival (OS) was compared between patients who did not receive PCI for various reasons but chose regular MRI surveillance and followed salvage brain irradiation (SBI) when brain metastasis was detected and patients who received PCI. Results 120 patients met the inclusion criteria. 55 patients received regular brain MRI plus SBI (SBI group) and 65 patients received PCI (PCI group). There was no statistically significant difference in median OS between the two groups (27.14 versus 33.00 months; P = 0.18). In the SBI group, 32 patients underwent whole brain radiotherapy and 23 patients underwent whole brain radiotherapy + simultaneous integrated boost. On multivariate analysis, only extracranial metastasis was independently associated with poor OS in the SBI group. Conclusion The results of this real-world study showed that MRI surveillance plus SBI is not inferior to PCI in OS for LS-SCLC patients who had a good response to initial chemoradiotherapy.

The trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services is an important topic in the current assessment. The value of each service provided by the ecosystem is substantially affected by human activities, and conversely, its changes will also affect the relevant human decisions. Due to varying trade-offs among ecosystem services and synergies between them that can either increase or decrease, it is difficult to optimize multiple ecosystem services simultaneously, making it a huge challenge for ecosystem management. This study firstly develops a global Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting framework. It uses remote sensing data with a spatial resolution of 1 km to estimate the ecosystem services of forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, and farmlands in 179 major countries in 2018. The results show that the range of global GEP values is USD 112–197 trillion, with an average value of USD 155 trillion (the constant price), and the ratio of GEP to gross domestic product (GDP) is 1.85. The trade-offs and the synergies among different ecosystem services in each continent and income group have been further explored. We found a correspondence between the income levels and the synergy among ecosystem services within each nation. Among specific ecosystem services, there are strong synergies between oxygen release, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration services. A trade-off relationship has been observed between flood regulation and other services, such as water conservation and soil retention services in low-income countries. The results will help clarify the roles and the feedback mechanisms between different stakeholders and provide a scientific basis for optimizing ecosystem management and implementing ecological compensation schemes to enhance human well-being.

Abstract The global rise in prediabetes and diabetes, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being predominant, highlights the association between T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Patients with both abnormal glucose levels and HTG require increased attention due to higher risks of complications and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to find the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HTG in the abnormal glucose metabolism patients. We collected blood samples for RNA sequencing experiments and blood samples for validation in population. We have conducted RNA sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a 82-vs-82-sample-size population and insulin induced HepG2, RNA- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). We also explored lipid metabolism related transcription factor and the related protein expression and processed key lncRNA by both interference expression and overexpression, and the related consequences were rescued by its target mRNA. ENST00000540317.5 (LINC317.5) was lower in HTG with abnormal glucose metabolism and was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus in HepG2, inversely regulating the accumulation of TG and its target mRNA TKFC. Relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were decreasing, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) was increasing of the interference expression of LINC317.5. Interference expression of LINC317.5 significantly decreased the protein expression of ACADM and CPT1A, whereas increased the protein expression of FAS and ACC1. TKFC partly reduced the triglyceride (TG) accumulation of LINC317.5. In conclusion, we suggested LINC317.5-TKFC as a key for TG accumulation in the HepG2-insulin resistant (IR). These might provide information of non-invasive biomarkers for the HTG with abnormal glucose.

Biotic stresses caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens damage crops; identifying treatments that enhance disease resistance provides important information for understanding plant defenses and sustainable agriculture. Salt stress affects crop yields worldwide; however, studies have focused on the toxic sodium ion, leaving the effects of the chloride ion unclear. In this study, we found that irrigation with a combination of chloride salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, and KCl) suppressed the cell death phenotype of the ceramide kinase mutant acd5. Chloride salt pre-irrigation also significantly limited the cell death caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola infection and inhibited the multiplication of this bacterial pathogen in a mechanism partially dependent on the salicylic acid pathway. Moreover, chloride salt pre-irrigation improved plant defenses against the fungal pathogen challenge, confining the lesion area caused by Botrytis cinerea infection. Furthermore, the growth of herbivorous larvae of Spodoptera exigua was retarded by feeding on chloride salt irrigated plants. Thus, our data suggest that treatment with Cl- increases broad spectrum resistance to biotic challenges.

Summary: Thymocyte development requires precise control of PI3K-Akt signaling to promote proliferation and prevent leukemia and autoimmune disorders. Here, we show that ablating individual clusters of the miR-17∼92 family has a negligible effect on thymocyte development, while deleting the entire family severely impairs thymocyte proliferation and reduces thymic cellularity, phenocopying genetic deletion of Dicer. Mechanistically, miR-17∼92 expression is induced by Myc-mediated pre-T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, and miR-17∼92 promotes thymocyte proliferation by suppressing the translation of Pten. Retroviral expression of miR-17∼92 restores the proliferation and differentiation of Myc-deficient thymocytes. Conversely, partial deletion of the miR-17∼92 family significantly delays Myc-driven leukemogenesis. Intriguingly, thymocyte-specific transgenic miR-17∼92 expression does not cause leukemia or lymphoma but instead aggravates skin inflammation, while ablation of the miR-17∼92 family ameliorates skin inflammation. This study reveals intricate roles of the miR-17∼92 family in balancing thymocyte development, leukemogenesis, and autoimmunity and identifies those microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential therapeutic targets for leukemia and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract Background Gastric cancer has attracted widespread attention on social media due to its high incidence and severity. The Bilibili, TikTok, and YouTube video-sharing platforms have received considerable interest among general health consumers. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the information in videos on these platforms is of satisfactory content and quality. Methods A total of 300 eligible videos related to gastric cancer were screened from three video-sharing platforms, Bilibili, TikTok, and YouTube, for assessment and analysis. First, the basic information presented in the videos was recorded. Next, we identified the source and content type of each video. Then, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Modified DISCERN were used to assess the educational content and quality of each video. A comparative analysis was undertaken of the videos procured from these three sources. Results We identified six categories of uploaders of the 300 videos: 159 videos (53%) were uploaded by health professionals, 21 videos (7%) by users in science communications, 29 videos (9.67%) by general users, 27 videos (9%) from news agencies, 63 videos (12%) by nonprofit organizations, and one video (0.33%) by a for-profit organization. In terms of the content types of the 300 videos, we identified five distinct categories. There were 48 videos (16%) on early signals, 12 videos (4%) on late symptoms, 40 videos (13.33%) on etiologies and causations, 160 videos (53.33%) on scientific introductions, and 40 videos (13.33%) on treatment methods. The overall quality of the videos was evaluated by the GQS, JAMA, and Modified DISCERN and was found to be medium, with scores of 2.6/5, 2.41/4, and 2.71/5 points, respectively. Conclusions This innovative study demonstrates that videos on social media platforms can help the public learn about early signals, late symptoms, treatment methods, etiologies and causations, and scientific introductions of gastric cancer. However, both the content and quality of uploaded recordings are inadequate currently. More efforts should be made to enhance the content and quality of videos on gastric cancer and to increase public awareness.

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the association between ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHM) and arthritis (AR), as well as the interactions of various indicators in ICVHM on AR in US adults. Methods We involved 17,041 participants who were interviewed by NHANES from 2011 to 2018. AR included osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic arthritis and other arthritis (Other AR). Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between AR and ICVHM. Mixed graphical model (MGM) was used to explore the interaction between variables in ICVHM. Results Higher ICVHM scores had a protective effect on AR. Compared to “≤1” score, the ORs of AR in participants with 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 were 0.586, 0.472, 0.259, and 0.130, respectively. Similar results were also found in different types of AR. ICVHM has a maximum area under the curve value of 0.765 and the interaction between blood pressure and total cholesterol was 0.43. Conclusions ICVHM correlates significantly with AR and is better at identifying AR than individual indicators. ICVHM can be better improved by controlling the indicators with stronger interactions. Our findings provide guidance for promoting health factors, which have important implications for identification and prevention of AR.

Abstract Accurately forecasting the nonlinear degradation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) using early‐cycle data can obviously shorten the battery test time, which accelerates battery optimization and production. In this work, a self‐adaptive long short‐term memory (SA‐LSTM) method has been proposed to predict the battery degradation trajectory and battery lifespan with only early cycling data. Specifically, two features were extracted from discharge voltage curves by a time‐series‐based approach and forecasted to further cycles using SA‐LSTM model. The as‐obtained features were correlated with the capacity to predict the capacity degradation trajectory by generalized multiple linear regression model. The proposed method achieved an average online prediction error of 6.00% and 6.74% for discharge capacity and end of life, respectively, when using the early‐cycle discharge information until 90% capacity retention. Furthermore, the importance of temperature control was highlighted by correlating the features with the average temperature in each cycle. This work develops a self‐adaptive data‐driven method to accurately predict the cycling life of LIBs, and unveils the underlying degradation mechanism and the importance of controlling environmental temperature.

The serrated pathway to colorectal cancers (CRCs) is a significant pathway encompassing five distinct types of lesions, namely hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia (SSL-Ds), traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), and serrated adenoma unclassified. In contrast to the conventional adenoma–carcinoma pathway, the serrated pathway primarily involves two mechanisms: BRAF/KRAS mutations and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). HPs are the most prevalent non-malignant lesions, while SSLs play a crucial role as precursors to CRCs, On the other hand, traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) are the least frequently encountered subtype, also serving as precursors to CRCs. It is crucial to differentiate these lesions based on their unique morphological characteristics observed in histology and colonoscopy, as the identification and management of these serrated lesions significantly impact colorectal cancer screening programs. The management of these lesions necessitates the crucial steps of removing premalignant lesions and implementing regular surveillance. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, histologic features, molecular features, and detection methods for various serrated polyps, along with recommendations for their management and surveillance.

Abstract Weyl semimetals exhibit exotic magnetotransport phenomena such as the chiral anomaly and surface-to-bulk quantum oscillations (Weyl orbits) due to chiral bulk states and topologically protected surface states. Here we report a unique transport property in crystals of the ferromagnetic nodal-line Weyl semimetal Co2MnGa that have been polished to micron thicknesses using a focused ion beam. These thin crystals exhibit a large planar resistance anisotropy (10 × ) with axes that rotate by 90 degrees between opposite faces of the crystal. We use symmetry arguments and electrostatic simulations to show that the observed anisotropy resembles that of an isotropic conductor with surface states that are impeded from hybridization with bulk states. The origin of these states awaits further experiments that can correlate the surface bands with the observed 90° twist.

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that affect gene expression. The role of miRNAs in different types of cancers has been published and it was shown that several miRNAs are inappropriately expressed in different cancers. Among the mechanisms that can cause this lack of proper expression are epigenetics, chromosomal changes, polymorphisms or defects in processing proteins. Recent research shows that phytochemicals, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), exert important epigenetic-based anticancer effects such as pro-apoptotic or anti proliferative through miRNA gene silencing. Given that EGCG is able to modulate a variety of cancer-related process i.e., angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis via targeting various miRNAs such as let-7, miR-16, and miR-210. The discovery of new miRNAs and the differences observed in their expression when exposed to EGCG provides evidence that targeting these miRNAs may be beneficial as a form of treatment. In this review, we aim to provide an overview, based on current knowledge, on how phytochemicals, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate, can be considered as potential miRNAs modulator to improve efficacy of current cancer treatments.

Abstract Establishing a general model of heterogeneous ice nucleation has long been challenging because of the surface water structures found on different substrates. Identifying common water clusters, regardless of the underlying substrate, is one of the key steps toward solving this problem. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a common water cluster found on both hydrophilic Pt(111) and hydrophobic Cu(111) surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy. Water molecules self-assemble into a structure with a central flat-lying hexagon and three fused pentagonal rings, forming a cluster consisting of 15 individual water molecules. This cluster serves as a critical nucleus during ice nucleation on both surfaces: ice growth beyond this cluster bifurcates to form two-dimensional (three-dimensional) layers on hydrophilic (hydrophobic) surfaces. Our results reveal the inherent similarity and distinction at the initial stage of ice growth on hydrophilic and hydrophobic close-packed metal surfaces; thus, these observations provide initial evidence toward a general model for water-substrate interaction.

Abstract The prognostic significance of radiotherapy (RT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) has shown conflicting results, particularly among different pathological subtypes, including adenocarcinoma (AC), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC), and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SR). This study analyzed the prognosis of three pathological CRC types and focused on the prognostic significance of RT on three CRC histological subtypes. Patients diagnosed with AC (n = 54,174), MC (n = 3813), and SR (n = 664) in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010–2017) were evaluated. Cox regression models and competitive risk models were built to assess the effect of RT on the risk of CRC-associated death. Potential interactions between RT and stratified variables including age, sex, and tumor location were examined by multiplicative models. Compared with AC patients, SR patients had the worst overall survival (OS) among 3 subtypes of CRC (log-rank test, p

Abstract Seed-mediated synthesis strategies, in which small gold nanoparticle precursors are added to a growth solution to initiate heterogeneous nucleation, are among the most prevalent, simple, and productive methodologies for generating well-defined colloidal anisotropic nanostructures. However, the size, structure, and chemical properties of the seeds remain poorly understood, which partially explains the lack of mechanistic understanding of many particle growth reactions. Here, we identify the majority component in the seed solution as an atomically precise gold nanocluster, consisting of a 32-atom Au core with 8 halide ligands and 12 neutral ligands constituting a bound ion pair between a halide and the cationic surfactant: Au32X8[AQA+•X-]12 (X = Cl, Br; AQA = alkyl quaternary ammonium). Ligand exchange is dynamic and versatile, occurring on the order of minutes and allowing for the formation of 48 distinct Au32 clusters with AQAX (alkyl quaternary ammonium halide) ligands. Anisotropic nanoparticle syntheses seeded with solutions enriched in Au32X8[AQA+•X-]12 show narrower size distributions and fewer impurity particle shapes, indicating the importance of this cluster as a precursor to the growth of well-defined nanostructures.

Abstract Objective The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in treating extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) has been controversial. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the efficacy of PCI for the treatment of ES‐SCLC under active brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance. Methods Patients with ES‐SCLC with no brain metastases (BM) confirmed by MRI at the time of diagnosis who responded well to first‐line chemoimmunotherapy at three general hospitals were retrospectively included. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and cumulative incidence of BM were compared between patients who underwent PCI and those who did not. Results In total, 66 consecutive patients treated between March 2019 and December 2021 were included in our dataset. Seventeen patients underwent PCI (PCI group) and 49 patients did not (non‐PCI group). In comparison with the non‐PCI group, PCI did not provide OS (median OS: 18.53 vs. 17.35 months, p = 0.28) or PFS (median PFS: 8.61 vs. 7.56 months, p = 0.41) benefits. When death was counted as a competing risk, the difference in the cumulative incidence rate of BM was not statistically significant (1‐year: 12.79% vs. 38.09%; p = 0.14). Conclusion Compared to active MRI surveillance, first‐line chemoimmunotherapy followed by PCI did not improve the prognosis of patients with ES‐SCLC. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of PCI following chemoimmunotherapy.

Objectives Colorectal cancer (CRC) encompasses a spectrum of pathological types, each exhibiting distinct biological behaviours that challenge the conventional T-staging system’s predictive efficiency. Thus, this study aims to explore the prognostic significance of the T stage across various CRC pathological types, seeking to unravel insights that could enhance prognostic assessment in this complex disease.Study design We performed a retrospective analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for primary CRC cases from 2010 to 2017.Setting The SEER database, comprising data from various US regional and state cancer registries, identified 39 321 patients with CRC. Our analysis focused on the three most common CRC pathological types: adenocarcinoma (AC), mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SR).Primary outcome measures The study used Cox regression models to evaluate how different pathological characteristics impact mortality risk in patients with CRC. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were also applied to assess the prognostic accuracy of various tumour node metastasis (TNM)/non-mucinous (NM) stages.Results We observed significant associations between T stage and mortality risk for patients with AC and MC. Notably, in comparison to those at T1 stage, patients with AC in the T4 stage demonstrated a 2.01-fold increase in mortality risk (HR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.89 to 2.15), while patients with MC at T4 stage showed a 1.42-fold increase (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.97). However, within the SR group, T stages did not independently impact survival, showing no significant distinction (HR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.95). Intriguingly, the traditional TNM staging systems demonstrated limited discriminatory power in predicting prognosis for patients with SR when compared with the more innovative NM staging systems.Conclusions This study uncovers important insights about the prognostic significance of the T stage in different types of CRC, highlighting the need for personalised assessments based on specific histological subtypes.

In the modern era, the escalating global prevalence of obesity has profound implications on female reproductive health. Obesity, transcending mere lifestyle choices, has evolved into a complex disorder affecting physiological and metabolic functions. Concurrently, female infertility is rising as a significant global health issue. Obesity, with its extensive systemic effects, is pinpointed as a major disruptor. The convergence of these health challenges reveals a multifaceted scenario: on one hand, obesity directly impacts female reproductive health, particularly in the context of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and menstrual disturbances; on the other, the psychosocial consequences of infertility might intensify weight-gain patterns, forming a challenging cycle. Additionally, the economic implications of treating obesity-related infertility are considerable. This review delves into the myriad ways obesity affects female reproductive health, drawing insights from epidemiological, clinical, and molecular studies. It explores the epidemiological relationship between obesity and PCOS, the influence of obesity on menstrual disturbances, and the broader impact of obesity on female infertility. Weight loss, through pharmacological interventions, surgical methods, or lifestyle adjustments, emerges as a promising strategy. Lastly, the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, is influenced by obesity, underscoring the importance of an optimal body mass index. The review also highlights the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the impact of obesity on female reproductive health, including the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis, altered adipokine secretion, and the role of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.

Objective: We aim to explore the association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), physical activity, and cognitive impairment. Methods: 2395 participants from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. The association of CDAI and physical activity with cognitive impairment was analyzed using binary logistic regression. A stratified analysis was employed for a sensitivity analysis of the logistic regression, examining the interaction between CDAI and each stratified variable. Results: Both low scores on CDAI and physical inactivity are associated with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Compared to the fourth quartile of CDAI and active group, the prevalence of cognitive impairment is statistically increased in other sub-groups. Conclusion: There is an interaction between CDAI and physical activity. The elderly population with low scores on CDAI especially combined with physical inactivity should be focused, so as to reduce the adverse effects of cognitive impairment.

Pemigatinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, is approved to treat intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) harboring FGFR2 fusion mutations. Improving its targeting of FGFR2 fusions remains an unmet clinical need due to its pan selectivity and resistance. Here, we report a cholesterol-conjugated DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide targeting the chimeric site in FGFR2-AHCYL1 (F-A Cho-HDO) that accumulates in ICC through endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is highly expressed in both human and murine ICC. F-A Cho-HDO was determined to be a highly specific, sustainable, and well-tolerated agent for inhibiting ICC progression through posttranscriptional suppression of F-A in ICC patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Moreover, we identified an EGFR-orchestrated bypass signaling axis that partially offset the efficacy of F-A Cho-HDO. Mechanistically, EGFR-induced STAT1 upregulation promoted asparagine (Asn) synthesis through direct transcriptional upregulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and dictated cell survival by preventing p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Asn restriction with ASNase or ASNS inhibitors reduced the intracellular Asn, thereby reactivating p53 and sensitizing ICC to F-A Cho-HDO. Our findings highlight the application of genetic engineering therapies in ICC harboring FGFR2 fusions and reveal an axis of adaptation to FGFR2 inhibition that presents a rationale for the clinical evaluation of a strategy combining FGFR2 inhibitors with Asn depletion.

In view of high maintenance cost of trucks in the production and transportation of open-pit mine, a combination of periodic preventive maintenance and minor repairs was adopted for truck. Considering the change rule of failure rate after periodic preventive maintenance of open-pit mine truck, based on age-reduction model, periodical preventive maintenance strategy of open-pit mine truck was studied. According to the characteristics of the weibull distribution of open-pit mine truck failure rate function, introducing age-reduction factor to reflect change in the failure rate of open-pit mine truck after each cycle of periodic preventive maintenance, established the failure rate function of open-pit mine truck after each cycle of periodic preventive maintenance. Based on the failure rate function of open-pit mine truck, total preventive maintenance cost model including periodic preventive maintenance costs and minor repair costs of open-pit mine truck was established, and solution algorithm was designed to obtain optimal periodic preventive maintenance strategy for open-pit mine truck. The results show that: when operating time of open-pit mine truck was determined, preventive maintenance cost first decreases and then increases with the increase in the number of preventive maintenance, and first becomes smaller and then larger as the preventive maintenance cycle becomes longer; As the operating time increases , the number of optimal preventive maintenance increase slower; The optimized periodic preventive maintenance strategy for open-pit trucks requires less cost than the common maintenance strategy, and the difference becomes larger as the operating time becomes longer. Constructing failure rate function of open-pit mine truck based on the age-reduction model, and to study the periodic preventive maintenance strategies of trucks with different operating hours, which can provide effective solutions for preventive maintenance and management of mining equipment.

Abstract Background The association between sensory impairment including vision impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), dual impairment (DI) and the functional limitations of SCD (SCD-related FL) are still unclear in middle-aged and older people. Methods 162,083 participants from BRFSS in 2019 to 2020 was used in this cross-sectional study. After adjusting the weights, multiple logistic regression was used to study the relationship between sensory impairment and SCD or SCD-related FL. In addition, we performed subgroup analysis on the basis of interaction between sensory impairment and covariates. Results Participants who reported sensory impairment were more likely to report SCD or SCD-related FL compared to those without sensory impairment (p

Resolving the orbital structure of single atoms is challenging and of great importance for understanding basic chemistry. Here, the authors demonstrate that the orbital occupation difference of single Fe/Co atoms within molecules can be distinguished with high resolution AFM imaging and spectroscopy.

Choline, a quintessential quaternary ammonium compound, plays a cardinal role in several pivotal biological mechanisms, chiefly in safeguarding cell membrane integrity, orchestrating methylation reactions, and synthesizing vital neurotransmitters. This systematic review meticulously dissects the complex interplay between choline metabolism and its profound implications in oncology. The exposition is stratified into three salient dimensions: Initially, we delve into the intricacies of choline metabolism, accentuating its indispensability in cellular physiology, the enzymatic labyrinth governing its flux, and the pivotal cellular import mechanisms. Subsequently, we elucidate the contemporary comprehension of choline metabolism in the cancer paradigm, traversing its influence from inception to the intricate metamorphosis during oncogenic progression, further compounded by dysregulated enzyme activities and aberrant signaling cascades. Conclusively, we illuminate the burgeoning potential of choline-centric metabolic imaging modalities, notably magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET), as avant-garde tools for cancer diagnostics and therapeutic trajectory monitoring. Synoptically, the nuanced perturbations in choline metabolism in neoplastic entities unfurl critical insights, potentially heralding paradigm shifts in diagnostic and therapeutic oncological stratagems. A deeper foray into this realm is anticipated to fortify our molecular understanding and refine intervention modalities in cancer theranostics.

BackgroundThe brain in resting state has complex dynamic properties and shows frequency dependent characteristics. The frequency-dependent whole-brain dynamic changes of resting state across the scans have been ignored in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).ObjectiveCoactivation pattern (CAP) analysis can identify different brain states. This paper aimed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of frequency dependent whole-brain CAPs in AD.MethodsWe utilized a multiband CAP approach to model the state space and study brain dynamics in both AD and NC. The correlation between the dynamic characteristics and the subjects’ clinical index was further analyzed.ResultsThe results showed similar CAP patterns at different frequency bands, but the occurrence of patterns was different. In addition, CAPs associated with the default mode network (DMN) and the ventral/dorsal visual network (dorsal/ventral VN) were altered significantly between the AD and NC groups. This study also found the correlation between the altered dynamic characteristics of frequency dependent CAPs and the patients’ clinical Mini-Mental State Examination assessment scale scores.ConclusionThis study revealed that while similar CAP spatial patterns appear in different frequency bands, their dynamic characteristics in subbands vary. In addition, delineating subbands was more helpful in distinguishing AD from NC in terms of CAP.

Summary: Background: Laboratory determination of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) and other autoantigens have been integrated into the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). However, evidence supporting the selection of methodologies is lacking. Methods: In this prospective, multicentre cohort study, we recruited patients with suspected MG to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cell-based assay (CBA), radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in detecting AChR and MuSK autoantibodies. This study is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT05219097. Findings: 2272 eligible participants were recruited, including 2043 MG, 229 non-MG subjects. AChR antibodies were detected in 1478, 1310, and 1280 out of a total of 2043 MG patients by CBA, RIPA, and ELISA, respectively; sensitivity, 72.3% (95% CI, 70.3–74.3), 64.1% (95% CI, 62.0–66.2), 62.7% (95% CI, 60.5–64.8); specificity, 97.8% (95% CI, 95.0–99.3), 97.8% (95% CI, 95.0–99.3), 94.8% (95% CI, 91.9–97.7). MuSK antibodies were found in 59, 50, and 54 from 2043 MG patients by CBA, RIPA and ELISA, respectively; sensitivity, 2.9% (95% CI, 2.2–3.7), 2.4% (95% CI, 1.8–3.2), 2.6% (95% CI, 2.0–3.4); specificity, 100% (95% CI, 98.4–100), 100% (95% CI, 98.4–100), and 99.1% (95% CI, 96.9–99.9). The area under the curve of AChR antibodies tested by CBA was 0.858, and there were statistical differences with RIPA (0.843; p = 0.03) and ELISA (0.809; p

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly metastatic bone cancer that usually affects children. Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) have been identified to show a broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity. Our previous study has identified vasculogenic mimicry (VM) as an indicator of poor prognosis for OS. Rhizoma Paridis ethanol extract exhibits potent anti-OS property. However, the anti-metastatic effect of RPS on OS and the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. RPS was characterized by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF/MS) analysis. The anti-OS, anti-metastasis and anti-VM activities of RPS were investigated using in vitro biological assays and a xenograft mouse model. Western blot, qRT-PCR, ELISA, Phalloidin staining and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of RPS. A total of 34 phytochemicals from RPS were identified by LC/Q-TOF/MS. RPS dose-dependently suppressed the OS cell proliferation, metastasis and VM formation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we found that RPS downregulated migration-inducing gene 7 (MIG-7) expression, resulting in inhibition of the PI3K/MMPs/Ln-5γ2 pathway and cell protrusion formation. Additionally, we confirmed that RPS downregulated MIG-7 by upregulating miR-520d-3p expression. Our results suggests that RPS inhibits the VM formation and metastasis of OS by modulating the miR-520d-3p/MIG-7 signaling axis.

The subzero‐temperature service of lithium (Li) metal anode has been enormously restricted by a large working polarization and a poor reversibility. In this contribution, the overpotential attributions during low‐temperature Li electroplating are deconvolved, and the interplay among the dominating kinetic overpotential, the dynamic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry, and the corresponding cycling reversibility of Li metal is established. Specifically, by employing a localized highly concentrated electrolyte as a model system, it is disclosed that ionic concentration gradient plays a predominate role in polarizing the cathodic Li electroplating process at subzero working temperature. Inspired by this, a decoupling electrolyte design strategy is presented to synchronously tame the kinetic polarization and build a dynamically stable anion‐derived SEI, thus boosting a remarkably enhanced Coulombic efficiency of Li with a depressed cell overpotential and a more than three times longer lifespan in practical Li | LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cells at −20 °C. Herein, the essence to affecting the polarization and reversibility of low‐temperature working Li metal anode is uncovered, affording critical design principles to facilitate a stable dynamic interface for the high‐efficiency cycling of practical Li metal batteries at subzero temperatures.

The selection and utilization of ornamental plants that are highly tolerant to salt are helpful for landscape construction and the ecological protection of coastal and arid areas. To evaluate salt tolerance, one of the most used methods is the observation of seed germination under salt stress. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl in water absorption, germination, and respiratory metabolism in seeds of different Flueggea suffruticosa genotypes. P2 and P27, salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant line s of F. suffruticosa, were chosen for treatment with 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 mM NaCl. F. suffruticosa under salt stress exhibited inhibition of seed germination. The seeds of F. suffruticosa have different times for the physiological phases of water absorption with different NaCl concentrations. Salt stress retarded the seed water absorption process, and it depended on seed genotypes for F. suffruticosa. Soluble sugars accumulated in both P2 and P27 under salt stress. Meanwhile, the activities of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were overall increased in P27 after salt treatment, which caused increases in pyruvic acid and citric acid. The citrate synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities decreased in P2. These results suggest that the respiratory metabolism of salt-tolerant F. suffruticosa was enhanced, compared with the salt-sensitive line, to ameliorate the repression of seed germination under salt stress. The different changes in respiratory metabolism could influence the degree of salt tolerance.

Traditional grouting reinforcement has been well reported only to provide a bonding effect to a jointed rock mass. Nowadays, the expansive grout technology has been touted as an alternative to provide squeezing reinforcement effects to a jointed rock mass. Still in infancy, there is a lack of state-of-knowledge on its fundamentals and applications to enhance stability in the surrounding rock. This review article aims to define, characterize, and summarize the mechanism and behavior of cement/concrete expansion additives, cement foaming additives, and high soundless cracking agents (HSCA). Further, this review discussed the characterization of the expansion behavior of cementitious materials, and highlighted the potential applications of expansive grout in grouting reinforcements. This review is focused on determining the optimum selection of suitable expansive materials needed for expansive grout to improve its reinforcement efficiency, in addition to examining technical studies on the expansion mechanism and behavior of distinct expansive cementitious materials. The expansive cementitious materials were analyzed based on four mechanical criteria in grouting and concrete structures: volume expansion ratio, expansion development time, uniaxial compressive strength, and expansion stress. This overview is expected to enrich the current knowledge of expansive cementitious materials and aid researchers in advancing its applications in future global grouting reinforcement projects in jointed rock mass and steeply inclined layered rock mass support systems.

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and certain prokaryotes, where they serve as vital components of biological membranes and bioactive molecules. Chloroplasts have complex membrane structures that play crucial roles in photosynthesis, but their specific sphingolipidome remains unreported. In this study, we used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the sphingolipidome of purified Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. We detected 92 chloroplast sphingolipids. The chloroplast sphingolipidome differed from total leaf (TL) samples, with a higher content of free long-chain bases and hydroxyceramides and a greater proportion of complex sphingolipids with 16C fatty acid (FA) forms. Notably, chloroplast glucosylceramides were predominantly the d18:1 h16:0 and t18:1 h16:0 forms rather than the 24C FA form found in TL and other cellular structures. Comparing the sphingolipidomes of different cellular structures underscores the inhomogeneity of the intracellular distribution of sphingolipids. This provides a robust reference for further elucidating the function of sphingolipids in plant cells.

Abstract Glucosylceramides are a class of membrane lipids that serve as vital structural and signaling molecules in eukaryotes. In this study, we explored the function of FocGCS, a glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) that causes Fusarium wilt in banana plants. FocGCS is highly expressed in germinating conidia and during early infection stage of Foc TR4. Disruption of FocGCS resulted in severely retarded vegetative growth, reduced conidiation, and production of morphologically abnormal conidia. Sphingolipid profiling revealed that the FocGCS null mutant lacks glucosylceramide. Pathogenicity assays on banana plants revealed substantial loss of virulence in the FocGCS null mutant. Moreover, biochemical analyses indicated that FocGCS is involved in cell wall integrity but is not required for oxidative and osmotic stress tolerance in Foc TR4. Transcriptome analysis suggested that disruption of FocGCS strongly affects transmembrane transport in Foc TR4. Our findings show that GCS is essential for normal fungal growth and pathogenesis in Foc TR4.

Abstract Sphingolipids (lipids with a sphingoid base backbone) are important components of eukaryotic membrane systems and key signaling molecules that are essential for controlling cellular homeostasis, acclimating to stress, and regulating plant immunity. Studies using sphingolipid treatments, measuring sphingolipids in infected plants, and functionally studying sphingolipid biosynthetic mutants demonstrated that sphingolipids participate in plant cell death and defense responses. In this review, we present an updated map of sphingolipid signaling and review recent progress in understanding the functions of sphingolipids in plant immunity as structural components of biological membranes, and as mediators of defense signaling. Moreover, several pressing questions, such as how sphingolipids in the plasma membrane, particularly microdomains, act to perceive pathogens and transduce signals during plant–pathogen interactions, remain to be further explored in future research.

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and p16 might be associated with better prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC), especially on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Method PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science and EMBASE were searched from inception to April 2021 to search for HPV DNA- and p16-related prognostic articles on HPC. Meta-analysis was performed on the selected articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Publication bias was assessed for the included studies with Egger’s test. All studies were analyzed by using Stata 16.0 statistical software. Results A total of 18 studies were included, including 12 HPV DNA studies and 11 p16 studies. Meta-analysis showed that HPV DNA positivity was a strong prognostic factor for improved OS in patients with HPC, with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54–0.69), but there was no statistically significant difference in DFS (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.31–1.16). Patients with p16-positive tumors had better OS (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49–0.89) and DFS (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.78) than patients with p16-negative tumors. Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of HPV DNA leads to better OS in patients with HPC, and the presence of p16 also corresponds to better OS and DFS. Our results provide up-to-date evidence to clinicians and researchers. Larger studies adjusting for prognostic factors are needed in subsequent studies.

IntroductionResearch on the brain activity during resting state has found that brain activation is centered around three networks, including the default mode network (DMN), the salient network (SN), and the central executive network (CEN), and switches between multiple modes. As a common disease in the elderly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects the state transitions of functional networks in the resting state.MethodsEnergy landscape, as a new method, can intuitively and quickly grasp the statistical distribution of system states and information related to state transition mechanisms. Therefore, this study mainly uses the energy landscape method to study the changes of the triple-network brain dynamics in AD patients in the resting state.ResultsAD brain activity patterns are in an abnormal state, and the dynamics of patients with AD tend to be unstable, with an unusually high flexibility in switching between states. Also , the subjects’ dynamic features are correlated with clinical index.DiscussionThe atypical balance of large-scale brain systems in patients with AD is associated with abnormally active brain dynamics. Our study are helpful for further understanding the intrinsic dynamic characteristics and pathological mechanism of the resting-state brain in AD patients.

This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate whether vitamin D supplementation reduces blood lipid—total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG)—levels in prediabetic individuals. Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and WANFANG databases were searched for studies published before 13 February 2022 (including 13 February 2022). Five articles were included. The results showed that vitamin D intervention led to a significant reduction in TG compared with control or placebo treatment (−0.42 [−0.59, −0.25], P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that this effect was particularly significant among the studies that included obese subjects (−0.46 [−0.65, −0.28], P < 0.001), the studies that also included men (not only women) (−0.56 [−0.78, −0.34], P < 0.001), and the studies with intervention durations longer than 1 year (−0.46 [−0.65, −0.28], P < 0.001). Both relatively low doses of 2,857 IU/day (−0.65 [−0.92, −0.38], P < 0.001) and relatively high doses of 8,571 IU/day (−0.28 [−0.54, −0.02] P = 0.04) of vitamin D supplementation reduced TG levels, and the effect was observed both in Northern Europe (−0.65 [−0.92, −0.38], P < 0.001) and Asian (−0.25 [−0.48, −0.03], P = 0.03) country subgroups. No significant effects on TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were shown. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation might beneficially affect TG levels in individuals with prediabetes. Particularly longer durations of treatment, more than 1 year, with doses that correct vitamin deficiency/insufficiency, can have a beneficial effect. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero (CRD42020160780).

Abstract Background Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most important comorbidities in abnormal glucose patients. The aim of this study was to identify lncRNAs functional modules and hub genes related to triglyceride (TG) in prediabetes. Methods The study included 12 prediabetic patients: 6 participants with HTG and 6 participants with normal triglyceride (NTG). Whole peripheral blood RNA sequencing was performed for these samples to establish a lncRNA library. WGCNA, KEGG pathways analysis and the PPI network were used to construct co‐expression network, to obtain modules related to blood glucose, and to detect key lncRNAs. Meanwhile, GEO database and qRT-PCR were used to validate above key lncRNAs. Results We found out that the TCONS_00334653 and PVT1, whose target mRNA are MYC and HIST1H2BM, were downregulating in the prediabetes with HTG. Moreover, both of TCONS_00334653 and PVT1 were validated in the GEO database and qRT-PCR. Conclusions Therefore, the TCONS_00334653 and PVT1 were detected the key lncRNAs for the prediabetes with HTG, which might be a potential therapeutic or diagnostic target for the treatment of prediabetes with HTG according to the results of validation in the GEO database, qRT-PCR and ROC curves.

Cryptochrome signaling has been reported to regulate circadian oscillations in plants. Here the authors show that CRY2 and the TCP22 transcription factors can form photobodies in a blue light dependent manner and induce expression of CCA1, a core component of the circadian oscillator.

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, and chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is one vital pathological feature of OA. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), a new kind of gene regulator, plays an important role in pathogenesis of many diseases like OA. Recent studies have confirmed that lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) expression was upregulated in OA patients; however, its effect on ECM degradation remained unknown. Methods Cartilage tissue samples were obtained from 6 OA patients admitted in Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Chondrocytes were isolated and cultured from the collected cartilage tissue. Plasmid construction, RNA interference, cell transfection, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and pull-down assay were carried out during the research. Results In this study, PVT1 expression was significantly increased in chondrocytes stimulated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In addition, inhibition of PVT1 significantly downregulated the increased expressions of ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif-5 (ADAMTS-5) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) induced by IL-1β. Further investigation revealed that PVT1 was an endogenous sponge RNA, which directly bound to miR-140 and inhibited miR-140 expression. Conclusion To sum up, this study showed that PVT1 promoted expressions of ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-140 in OA, which eventually led to aggravation of ECM degradation, thus providing a new and promising strategy for the treatment of OA.

Combustion behaviors of propellant depend heavily on the architecture of the pocket bounded by coarse AP particles. In order to achieve a better control of the meso-scale architecture of the pocket, overcoming random mixing of the fine particles inside propellant, two kinds of cross-linked fluorinated polymer supported Aluminum/Oxidizer microspheres containing fine Al and oxidizer particles are fabricated by emulsion solvent evaporation and in-situ polymerization method (ESV-ISP), which are used to replace the fine Al and oxidizer particles of the Al/AP/HMX/HTPB propellant. The morphologies of the Al/Oxidizer microspheres and the corresponding propellants are studied, it shows that the fine Al and oxidizer particles are well dispersed and arranged in the microspheres. Besides, the average sizes of the microspheres are ranging from 113.9 ± 4.3 μm to 183.0 ± 5.9 μm, and equivalent to that of the Al-rich clusters located inside the pocket. The energy property and combustion performance of the propellants indicated that the combustion heat of the propellants containing Al/Oxidizer microsphere is increased by about 200 J/g, while the fraction of residual active aluminum is decreased by 77.8%, additionally, the D50 and D(4,3) of the combustion residue are both reduced significantly. Large Al aggregate nearby the burning surface is observed clearly in the blank propellant, while it could not be observed in the propellants containing Al/Oxidizer microsphere. Furthermore, compared to the pressure exponent (n), 0.34, of the B-Propellant, the n of the Al/AP-Propellant and the Al/HMX-Propellant significantly drop to 0.24 and 0.25, respectively, and the burning rate (r) could be adjusted and controlled by the Al/Oxidizer microsphere consisting of different fine oxidizer particles. It demonstrates that using the structurally ordered Al/Oxidizer microsphere could successfully achieve a better control of the meso-scale architecture of the pocket in typical Al/AP/HMX/HTPB propellant.

Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare. Due to limited information, MBC has always been understudied. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The clinical and biological features of female breast cancer (FBC) patients were compared with MBC patients. Cox regression models and competing risks analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with cancer-related survival in MBC and FBC groups. Results showed that MBC patients suffered from higher TNM stages, tumor grades, and a higher percentage of hormone receptor-positive tumors, compared with FBC patients (all p 0.05). Tumor location was an independent prognostic factor for both gender groups.

With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the domestic waste is greatly increasing. Based on the multi-agent evolutionary game theory, an evolutionary game model among the recycling industry, urban management officer and government is established to address the environmental issues of rising municipal solid waste production and low recycling utilization rates in China. Through numerical example analysis, the relationship between relevant factors on the evolutionary stable state of the system is studied. The findings demonstrate that when the likelihood of severe oversight by the government and of significant enforcement by urban management officers grows, the recycling industry becomes more ready to select waste separation strategy. Additionally, the government is far more affected by the likelihood of significant enforcement by urban management officers than the recycling industries are. In addition, effective acceleration of waste sorting may be achieved by giving the recycling industries the proper government subsidies and increasing the recycling industries' profits from garbage sorting. Moreover, the government's increased fines for the urban management officers can significantly lower the incidence of bribery between the recycling industries and the urban management officers.

ObjectiveTo compare effects and adverse events of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody combined with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and CRT alone as the initial treatment in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed locally advanced ESCC patients who received Anti-PD-1+CRT as initial treatment at 3 institutions. Primary outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS); secondary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) including immune-related adverse events (irAEs).ResultsAt data cutoff, 81 patients were included (30 Anti-PD-1+CRT, 51 CRT). Median follow-up was 31.4 months. Anti-PD-1+CRT resulted in significant improvements in PFS (median, 18.6 vs. 11.8 months, HR 0.48 [95% CI, 0.29–0.80], P = 0.008), and OS (median, 27.7 vs. 17.4 months, HR 0.37 [95% CI, 0.22–0.63], P = 0.002), compared with CRT in ESCC. The ORR and DCR of patients treated with Anti-PD-1+CRT were also significantly higher than those treated with CRT (80.0% vs. 56.9%, P = 0.034), (100% vs. 82.4%, P = 0.023), respectively. Anti-PD-1+CRT had better durable response compared with CRT, with DoR (median,17.3 vs. 11.1 months, P = 0.022). Treatment-related adverse event incidence was similar between the two groups (any Grade, 93.3% vs. 92.2%; ≥Grade 3, 50.0% vs. 33.3%).ConclusionAnti-PD-1 plus chemoradiotherapy demonstrated promising antitumor activity and was well tolerated in locally advanced ESCC.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) after concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) via meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from January 10, 1966 to May 20, 2022. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing the CCRT alone with CCRT plus ACT were included. The literature search, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. The primary endpoints were 3-year rates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Complete response rate, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and adverse events were secondary outcomes. The hazard ratios (HRs) and relative risk (RR) were pooled.ResultsNine studies with a total of 2732 patients were included in this meta-analysis, including 1411 patients in the CCRT group and 1321 in the CCRT plus ACT group. The HR for 3-year rates of OS and PFS of the CCRT group compared with the CCRT plus ACT group was 0.72 [95%confidence interval (CI) = 0.44–1.17] and 0.78 (95%CI = 0.5–1.75), respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the complete response rate (RR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.96–1.16). However, local recurrence and distant metastasis were significantly lower in the CCRT plus ACT group than in the CCRT group (RR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.44 –0.91 and RR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.47–0.88). Grade 3–4 acute toxicities were more frequent in the CCRT plus ACT group (RR = 1.73, 95%CI =1.19–2.52).ConclusionAlthough associated with a decreased risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis, ACT did not significantly improve the survival rate and the complete response rate with increasing grade 3–4 acute toxicities in patients with LACC. Thus, this ACT regimen cannot be recommended for patients with LACC.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-9-0089/, identifier INPLASY202290089.

Controlled breaking of a chemical bond by mechanical forces can provide key insight into reaction mechanisms. Here the authors, using atomic force microscopy and computations, measure the forces involved in breaking a single dative bond between a CO molecule and a ferrous phthalocyanine complex.

BackgroundsProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer in the world and based on its high prevalence and overwhelming effect on patients, more precise diagnostic and therapeutic methods are essential research topics. As such, this study aims to evaluate the value of three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (3D-TRUS) in the detection, diagnosis and biopsy of PCa, and to provide a basis for clinical practice of PCa.MethodsRetrospective analysis and comparison of a total of 401 male patients who underwent prostate TRUS in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were conducted, with all patients having prostate biopsy. Nomogram was used to estimate the probability of different ultrasound signs in diagnosing prostate cancer. The ROC curve was used to estimate the screening and diagnosis rates of 3D-TRUS, MRI and TRUS for prostate cancer.ResultsA total of 401 patients were randomly divided into two groups according to different methods of prostate ultrasonography, namely the TRUS group (251 patients) and the 3D-TRUS group (150 patients). Of these cases, 111 patients in 3D-TRUS group underwent MRI scan. The nomogram further determined the value of 3D-TRUS for prostate cancer. The ROC AUC of prostate cancer detected by TRUS, MRI and 3D-TRUS was 0.5580, 0.6216 and 0.6267 respectively. Biopsy complications were lower in 3D-TRUS group than TRUS group, which was statistically significant (P

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global problem that increasingly violates human health and quality of life. We explored the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential represented by dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the occurrence of MetS to provid data support for the prevention of it through dietary structure intervention.MethodsThe data was come from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018, including demographic, dietary, questionnaire variables and laboratory indicators. MetS was defined according to the criteria proposed by the American Endocrine Association (ACE) and the American Society of Clinical Endocrinology (ACCE). DII was calculated using the scoring method established by Shivappa. We divided DII scores into 4 quartiles, the chi-square test was used to compare the variable difference between DII quartiles groups. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between DII and MetS. We also performed subgroup analysis. A generalized linear regression model was used to explore the association of DII level and the levels of seven MetS related biochemical indicators.ResultsThe final sample size was 8,180, and the DII scores of the subjects were −5.50 to 5.22. The proportions of men, young people, non-Hispanic blacks, poor people, smokers, and MetS patients in the Q1–Q4 DII quantiles groups were gradually increased. The risk of MetS in the Q4 group which had highest dietary inflammatory degree was 1.592 (1.248, 2.030) times higher than that in the Q1 group, respectively (P < 0.001). After subgroup analysis, women, youth, non-smokers and alcohol drinkers were found to be more sensitive to the dietary inflammation. Then we found that the level of DII was significantly positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).ConclusionsIn the research subjects, the degree of dietary inflammation was associated with the occurrence of MetS and significantly affected WC, BMI, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. It is necessary to conduct investigations and early dietary interventions for women and young people to prevent the occurrence of chronic metabolic diseases.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of camrelizumab in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV–HCC) patients and non-HBV, non-HCV hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC–HCC) patients in China.Materials and methods: A total of 54 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received camrelizumab were included in this retrospective study from January 2019 to December 2021. The patients were assigned to the HBV–HCC group (n = 28) and the NBNC–HCC group (n = 26). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram model was subsequently established based on independent prognostic factors.Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 12.7 ± 3.6 months. The median OS was not determined. The median PFS in the HBV–HCC group was significantly longer than that in the NBNC–HCC group (9.2 vs. 6.7 months, p = 0.003). The ORR and DCR in the HBV–HCC group were significantly higher than those in the NBNC–HCC group (ORR, 28.6% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.048; DCR, 71.4% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.031). No significant differences in the total incidence of AEs were found between the HBV–HCC group and the NBNC–HCC group (75.0% vs. 69.2%, p = 0.224). Multivariate regression analysis identified etiology, AFP level, and vascular invasion as independent prognostic factors (all p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that camrelizumab is more effective in HBV–HCC patients than in NBNC–HCC patients, with manageable safety.

The advancement of mass spectrometry technologies has revolutionised plant metabolomics research by enabling the acquisition of raw metabolomics data. However, the identification, analysis, and visualisation of these data require specialised tools. Existing solutions lack a dedicated plant-specific metabolite database and pose usability challenges. To address these limitations, we developed PlantMetSuite, a web-based tool for comprehensive metabolomics analysis and visualisation. PlantMetSuite encompasses interactive bioinformatics tools and databases specifically tailored to plant metabolomics data, facilitating upstream-to-downstream analysis in metabolomics and supporting integrative multi-omics investigations. PlantMetSuite can be accessed directly through a user’s browser without the need for installation or programming skills. The tool is freely available and will undergo regular updates and expansions to incorporate additional libraries and newly published metabolomics analysis methods. The tool’s significance lies in empowering researchers with an accessible and customisable platform for unlocking plant metabolomics insights.