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Abstract Millions of new cases of cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, making it a serious public health concern. Developments in customized therapy and early detection have significantly enhanced treatment for and results from cancer. Therefore, it is important to investigate new molecular biomarkers. In this study, we created an efficient transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) family members-related TRPM-Score for 17 solid tumors. CCNE1, produced from TRPM-Score, was found to be an exceptional biomarker through several sophisticated machine learning and deep learning computational techniques. TRPM-Score and CCNE1 immunotherapeutic prediction, immunological characteristics, and predictive value were thoroughly assessed. In most cancer types, CCNE1 was a substantially dangerous marker. Additional in vitro tests validated CCNE1’s immunomodulatory properties, demonstrating that silencing impeded macrophage movement and decreased PD-L1 expression. Additionally, CCNE1 may accurately predict responses to cancer immunotherapy. These findings indicate that the TRPM family—particularly CCNE1, which is associated with TRPM—is a significant player in the pan-cancer domain and can be utilized as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarkers, especially in immuno-oncology. The thorough characterization of the TRPM family and the discovery of CCNE1 as a crucial downstream effector mark important developments in our comprehension of pan-cancer biology.

Abstract Soil microbial communities play a crucial role in maintaining diverse ecosystem functions within the saline-alkali soil ecosystems. Therefore, in this study, we collected various saline-alkaline soils from across the Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigation area. The soil chemical properties were analyzed, and the microbial diversity of bacteria and fungi was measured using 16 S rRNA and ITS rRNA amplicon sequencing. The dynamic relationship between the soil microbial community and soil factors was analyzed using the ABT (Aggregate Enhanced tree) model, the co-occurrence network, and the structural equation model. The results indicated that electrical conductivity (EC) was the biggest driving force of various saline-alkaline soils, affecting the community structure of bacteria (22.80%) and fungi (21.30%). The soil samples were categorized into three treatment levels based on their EC values: the low-salinity group (L, EC: 0–1 ms/cm, n = 10), the medium-salinity group (M, EC: 1–2 ms/cm, n = 8), and the high-salinity group (H, EC > 2 ms/cm, n = 6). The results demonstrated a negative correlation between microbial abundance and salinity-alkalinity, while revealing an enhanced interrelationship among species. The alterations in bacterial (12.36%) and fungal (22.92%) communities in various saline-alkali soils were primarily driven by saline-alkali ions, which served as the principal direct factors. The negative correlation between EC and SOM exhibited the highest magnitude, whereas the positive correlation between soil organic carbon and EC demonstrated the greatest strength. Therefore, it was further substantiated that EC played a pivotal role in shaping the distinct microbial communities in saline-alkali soils.

Abstract Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a histone demethylating enzyme, plays a crucial role in cancer metastasis. Studies show LSD1 knockout promotes breast cancer lung metastasis, but it’s unknown if it alters the lung microenvironment for metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomes from LSD1-knockdown (LSD1 KD) breast cancer cells on pre-metastatic niche formation. Injecting exosomes from LSD1 KD cells in mice resulted in a substantial increase in lung colonization by breast cancer cells, while treatment with exosomes derived from LSD1 KD cells decreased the expression of the ZO-1 and occludin, leading to increased vascular permeability. The LSD1 KD reduced the expression of circDOCK1, which augmented the levels of miR-1270 in exosomes. And miR-1270 inhibited ZO-1 expression in human endothelial cells, which enhanced their permeability. Our study uncovered a novel mechanism in which the LSD1 promotes the formation of pre-metastatic niches via the regulation of exosomal miRNA.

Highlights 1. This is the first report identifying SCUBE1 and RNF103-CHMP3 as therapeutic targets for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). 2. Our study found that SCUBE1 and RNF103-CHMP3 were significantly downregulated in patients who were cured of DFU. 3. This study discovered that SCUBE1 and RNF103-CHMP3 are associated with extracellular interactions. 4. Our findings indicate that SCUBE1 and RNF103-CHMP3 are related to immune cell infiltration. 5. This study provides new theoretical foundations and molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of DFU.

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cause human respiratory diseases and are major targets for vaccine development. In this study, we design uncleaved prefusion-closed (UFC) trimers for the fusion protein (F) of both viruses by examining mutations critical to F metastability. For RSV, we assess four previous prefusion F designs, including the first and second generations of DS-Cav1, SC-TM, and 847A. We then identify key mutations that can maintain prefusion F in a native-like, closed trimeric form (up to 76%) without introducing any interprotomer disulfide bond. For hMPV, we develop a stable UFC trimer with a truncated F2-F1 linkage and an interprotomer disulfide bond. Dozens of UFC constructs are characterized by negative-stain electron microscopy (nsEM), x-ray crystallography (11 RSV-F structures and one hMPV-F structure), and antigenic profiling. Using an optimized RSV-F UFC trimer as bait, we identify three potent RSV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) from a phage-displayed human antibody library, with a public NAb lineage targeting sites Ø and V and two cross-pneumovirus NAbs recognizing site III. In mouse immunization, rationally designed RSV-F and hMPV-F UFC trimers induce robust antibody responses with high neutralizing titers. Our study provides a foundation for future prefusion F-based RSV and hMPV vaccine development.

Abstract The study aimed to assess the impact of changes in blood pressure on cardiovascular events in the Chinese population. It enrolled 33 179 Chinese participants aged ≥35 years (57.1% women) without CVD at baseline. BP status was defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines. The type of BP change was defined as change in BP status from baseline to the end of follow‐up, included stable BP

For improving the actuation performance at low electric fields of dielectric elastomers, achieving high dielectric constant (ɛr) and low modulus (Y) simultaneously has been targeted in the past decades, but there are few ways to accomplish both. In contrast to the classical strategies such as incorporating plasticizers or ceramic to prepare the silicon-based dielectric elastomers, here, blending an amino-complexed hybrid (polyethyleneimine (PEI)-Ag) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer is reported as an alternative strategy to tailor the ɛr and Y. PEI-Ag not only exhibits excellent dielectric enhancement properties but also minimizes the PDMS crosslinking through amino-complexed reaction between PEI and Pt catalysts. The prepared dielectric elastomers have a ɛr of 7.2 @ 103 ​Hz and Y of 1.14 ​MPa, leading to an actuation strain of 22.27 ​% at 35 ​V/μm. Hence, incorporating such novel hybrids based on dual amino-complexed effect on both matrix and particles sufficiently promotes the actuated performance of dielectric elastomers.

Previous studies of water use for coal-fired power generation may have overlooked inter-sectoral impacts in the supply chain. Indeed, to devise effective water conservation strategies during the ongoing energy transition, it is of utmost importance to analyze the sectoral water use structures and flows in the supply chain and identify the sources of water scarcity. Therefore, based on the power sector-split environmentally extended input‒output (EEIO) model and the life cycle assessment (LCA) idea, we comprehensively analyze the nexus between coal-fired power generation and water use from a sectoral perspective. Our findings reveal a complex and diverse water use structure in coal-fired power generation. The technology of production inherently determines the high intensity of water withdrawal, and the close intersectoral linkages, particularly with agriculture, construction, and some industrial sectors, in the production process result in an intricate web of indirect water withdrawal and blue water footprint (WF). Moreover, the grey WF, primarily sourced from coal mining and indirectly tied to tertiary industries, underscores critical areas for attention in water pollution management. Finally, water use in the coal-fired power sector is projected to remain at elevated levels in the short to medium term under various transition strategies. Following an in-depth exploration of the coal-fired power‒water use nexus, the findings can offer new perspectives and specific entry points for sustainable energy development and water resource management.

Abstract Sepiolite-modified nano-zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is used as an amendment and incubated to remediate As-Cd-contaminated soil under three different soil‒water management conditions [moderately wet (MW), continuously flooded (CF) and alternately wet and dry (AWD)]. The results showed that soil pH is in the order of CF > AWD > MW. The soil pH increased approximately 0.5 to 1 unit by 3% and 5% doses after 36 d of incubation. Soil pH was negatively correlated with available As-Cd content under the three water regimes (p

Abstract As China's demand for imported oil continues to grow, large‐scale oil storage facilities have become increasingly important. Currently, China primarily uses underground salt cavern spaces and newly excavated underground water‐sealed caverns for oil storage, which places high demands on the rock formations. China has abundant and widely distributed gypsum mineral resources, and utilizing abandoned gypsum mines for oil storage could not only turn waste into treasure by controlling underground space but also generate significant economic and social value. This article aims to systematically evaluate the mechanical properties of gypsum rock through long‐term immersion tests in crude oil to assess the impact of crude oil immersion on the mechanical performance of gypsum rock and explore the feasibility of using gypsum mines as long‐term stable oil storage caverns. The results show that oil immersion treatment reduces the uniaxial tensile strength of gypsum samples, but has little effect on their compressive strength and long‐term strength. From a mechanical performance perspective, it is feasible to use gypsum mine voids for crude oil storage.

Abstract The significance of health literacy for elderly individuals with chronic illnesses lies in managing and delaying disease development, which is affected by personal and environmental factors. Family communication can provide an emotional support environment; self-efficacy is an important factor of subjective initiative and personality. A relatively persistent thinking and behavior pattern can affect the environment, subjective initiative, and individual health outcomes. This study aims to explore the effects of the Big Five personality traits on the health literacy of elderly individuals with chronic illnesses and to hypothesize that family communication and self-efficacy mediate the Big Five personalities and health literacy. A cross-sectional study of 2251 elderly individuals with chronic diseases was conducted through nationwide random quota sampling. The structural equation model was used to explore the mediating role of family communication and self-efficacy between the Big Five personality and health literacy. Family communication played a simple mediating role in the influence of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on health literacy. Self-efficacy played a simple mediating role in the influence of the Big Five personalities on health literacy. Self-efficacy and family communication played a chain mediating role between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and health literacy. Nurses can enhance the health literacy of elderly individuals with chronic illnesses with extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism through family communication and self-efficacy while promoting the health literacy of those with openness through self-efficacy.

Terahertz (THz) computed tomography (THz CT) exhibits the potential to provide a wealth of data, surpassing that of THz tomographic imaging in applications such as detecting embedded defects, particularly defect evolution within a glass fiber-reinforced polymer. To realize high-resolution THz CT, a systematic approach guided by wave propagation simulation was employed. First, the front wave of the THz beam was fine-tuned to realize a beam diameter of

Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification found in eukaryotic RNA and played a significant role in various cancers. However, the mechanism by which m6A modification influences cervical cancer (CC) tumorigenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the role and mechanism of METTL3 in CC progression. In the present study, we observed a significant upregulation of METTL3 in CC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of METTL3 resulted in reduced growth, migration, and invasion of CC cells, as well as affected apoptosis, while overexpression of METTL3 reversed these effects. Through a combined analysis of meRIP-seq and Ribo-seq data following METTL3 knockdown, NEK2 was identified as a key target of METTL3 in CC cells. Correlation analysis, MeRIP-qPCR, and luciferase reporter assay suggested that METTL3 regulates NEK2 expression through m6A modification. NEK2 synergized with METTL3 to mediate the malignant phenotype of CC cells. The METTL3-NEK2 axis promoted CC progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inhibiting the apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, METTL3 facilitated the malignant progression of CC and contributed to the formation of the METTL3-NEK2 regulatory axis in an m6A-dependent manner, which represented a potential target for CC therapy.

Abstract Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a severe complication of diabetes, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of high glucose (HG)- and advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-induced oxidative stress (OS) in the cognitive decline in DE. The DE mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, and its cognitive functions were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze test. The results revealed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitophagy inhibition, and decreased prohibitin 2 (PHB2) expression in the hippocampal neurons of DE mice and HG- or AGE-treated HT-22 cells. However, overexpression of PHB2 reduced ROS generation, reversed mitophagy inhibition, and improved mitochondrial function in the HG- or AGE-treated HT-22 cells and ameliorated cognitive decline, improved mitochondrial structural damage, and reversed mitophagy inhibition of hippocampal neurons in DE mice. Further analysis revealed that the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was involved in the HG- or AGE-mediated downregulation of PHB2 in HT-22 cells. These results demonstrate that HG- or AGE-induced OS inhibits the mitophagy of hippocampal neurons via the Keap1–Nrf2–PHB2 pathway, thereby contributing to the cognitive decline in DE.

Abstract Gliomas are one of the most frequent primary brain tumors and pose a serious threat to people’s lives and health. Platelets, a crucial component of blood, have been applied as drug delivery carriers for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we designed engineered nanoplatelets for targeted delivery of therapeutic miR-375 and temozolomide (TMZ, a first-line glioma treatment agent) to enhance glioma therapy. Nanoplatelets were prepared through mild ultrasound, TMZ and miR-375 were co-loaded through ultrasound and electrostatic interactions, respectively, to combine chemotherapy with gene therapy against glioma. To improve the blood brain barrier (BBB) crossing efficiency and glioma targeting ability, the nanoplatelets were modified with central nervous system-specific rabies viral glycoprotein peptide (RVG) through thiol-maleimide click reaction. The RVG modified nanoplatelets co-loaded TMZ and miR-375 (NR/TMZ/miR-375) not only inherited the good stability and remarkable biocompatibility of platelets, but also promoted the cellular uptake and penetration of glioma tissues, and effectively induced cell apoptosis to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs. In vivo studies showed that NR/TMZ/miR-375 significantly increased the circulation time of TMZ, and exhibited superior combined antitumor effects. In summary, this multifunctional ‘natural’ nanodrug delivery system provides a potent, scalable, and safety approach for platelet-based combined cancer chemotherapy and gene therapy.

With ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl methacrylate (EVM-GMA) rubber as matrix, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as grafting monomer and azodicarbonamide as foaming agent, double crosslinked foaming materials were prepared by combination of water crosslinking and peroxide crosslinking. The cell morphology, dynamic mecha-nical properties, and physical and mechanical properties of the foaming materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical property spectrometer and electronic universal tes-ting machine. The results showed that the double crosslinked foaming process could be realized, and the crosslinking network formed by water crosslin-king could effectively improve the uniformity and dispersion of cell size. When the amount of dicumyl peroxide was 0.25 phr (mass), the double crosslinked foam material had the narrowest cell size distribution, the best foaming effect, and better energy absorption effect, which was suitable for application of damping materials.

Ovarian cancer is a common gynecologic malignancy. In clinical practice, recurrent ovarian cancer is mainly classified into two categories on the basis of platinum-free interval, platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive, corresponding to different treatment modalities and prognoses. The treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is challenging. Some scholars have pointed out limitations in the binary classification of platinum-free interval. In this article, the classification of recurrent ovarian cancer, the treatment challenges of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, the limitations of the platinum-free interval binary classification, and new classification perspectives were reviewed to help physicians enhance their understanding on the research progress in ovarian cancer classification and develop more effective treatment strategies.

Abstract Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this context, IRFs display a dichotomous nature, functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters, contingent upon the specific disease milieu. Post-translational modifications of IRFs, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play a crucial role in modulating their function, stability, and activation. As prospective biomarkers and therapeutic targets, IRFs present promising opportunities for disease intervention. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms governing IRF regulation, potentially pioneering innovative therapeutic strategies, particularly in cancer treatment, where the equilibrium of IRF activities is of paramount importance.

Palm fungi are a diverse and unique group mostly found on Arecaceae hosts. They have been studied for approximately 200 years resulting in a large number of known fungal species representing over 700 genera. The timeline of palm fungal studies could be roughly divided into three phases, based on the methods and frequency of reports. They are the “Historical palm fungi era”, “Classical palm fungi era” and “Molecular palm fungi era”. In the first two periods, the identification of palm fungi was based on morphology, which resulted in a considerable number of morphological species scattered across the data in books, monographs and papers. With the advancement of molecular techniques, studies on palm fungi accelerated. A large number of new species were introduced in the molecular era, especially from Asia, including China and Thailand. However, there is a necessity to link these three generations of studies into a single platform combining data related to host factors, geography and utilisation. Herein, we introduce the palm fungi website: https://palmfungi.org, an integrated data platform for interactive retrieval, based on palm and fungal species. This website is not only a portal for the latest, comprehensive species information on palm fungi, but also provides a new platform for fungal researchers to explore the host-specificity of palm fungi. Additionally, this study uses palmfungi.org and related data to briefly discuss the current status of research on the distribution of palm fungi populations, showing how palmfungi.org links fungi with their palm hosts. Furthermore, the website will act as a platform for collaboration amongst taxonomists, plant pathologists, botanists, ecologists and those who are interested in palms and their relationship with ecological sustainability.

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in ferritin-based vaccines due to their enhanced antigen immunogenicity and favorable safety profiles, with several vaccine candidates targeting various pathogens advancing to phase I clinical trials. Nevertheless, challenges associated with particle heterogeneity, improper assembly and unanticipated immunogenicity due to the bulky protein adaptor have impeded further advancement. To overcome these challenges, we devise a universal ferritin-adaptor delivery platform based on structural insights derived from the natural ferritinophagy complex of the human ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). The engineered ferritinophagy (Fagy)-tag peptide demonstrate significantly enhanced binding affinity to the 24-mer ferritin nanoparticle, enabling efficient antigen presentation. Subsequently, we construct a self-assembling rabies virus (RABV) vaccine candidate by noncovalently conjugating the Fagy-tagged glycoprotein domain III (GDIII) of RABV to the ferritin nanoparticle, maintaining superior homogeneity, stability and immunogenicity. This vaccine candidate induces potent, rapid, and durable immune responses, and protects female mice against the authentic RABV challenge after single-dose administration. Furthermore, this universal, ferritin-based antigen conjugating strategy offers significant potential for developing vaccine against diverse pathogens and diseases.

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin contains thick, widespread, and organic matter-rich shale layers, offering abundant shale oil resources. Studying the sedimentary environment during shale formation and exploring the oil-bearing characteristics of shale oil enrichment intervals provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of the intervals and sweet spots. Based on previous research, the study compared organic carbon content, pyrolysis data, types of organic macerals, and major and trace elements of samples from two typical wells of different sags, well GY8HC in the Gulong Sag and well ZY1 in the Sanzhao Sag, in the central depression zone of the Songliao Basin. The analysis delved into the differences in oil-bearing characteristics and sedimentary environment of the Qingshankou Formation shales in two different sags, further analyzing the factors influencing these differences. The oil-bearing indicators of shales from the two wells in the Qingshankou Formation of the Songliao Basin showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) content in well ZY1 was significantly higher than that in well GY8HC. However, the free hydrocarbon content (S1) and oil saturation index (OSI) in well ZY1 were lower than those in well GY8HC. The geochemical environment during shale formation controlled organic matter enrichment. Comparing major and trace elements in samples from both wells, it was found that the climate in well ZY1 was more humid during its sedimentary period, the water body had stronger reducing conditions, and its paleoproductivity and paleo-water depth were significantly higher than those in well GY8HC. These conditions were favorable for the preservation of organic matter, thereby forming a higher organic matter abundance in the shale of well ZY1. In addition, it was found that the organic matter type in well GY8HC is mainly Type Ⅰ, sapropelic kerogen, at a mature to highly mature stage, whereas well ZY1 contains mainly Type Ⅱ1 kerogen, with less Type Ⅰ, at a low to mature stage. Therefore, the shale in well GY8HC possesses better oil generation potential.

Abstract Recent advances in cancer research have highlighted the pivotal role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in modulating immune responses, particularly in breast cancer (BRCA). Here, we performed an integrated analysis of bulk transcriptome data from over 6000 BRCA samples using biological network-based computational strategies and machine learning (ML) methods, and identified LGALS2 as a key marker within TLSs. Single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics uncover the role of LGALS2 in TLS-associated dendritic cells (DCs) stimulation and reveal the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) at both the macro and micro levels. Elevated LGALS2 expression correlates with prolonged survival, which is associated with a robust immune response marked by diverse immune cell infiltration and active anti-tumor pathways leading to a ‘hot’ tumor microenvironment. The colocalization of LGALS2 with TLS-associated DCs and its role in immune activation in BRCA were confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in vivo validation analyses. The identification of LGALS2 as a key factor in BRCA not only highlights its therapeutic potential in novel TLS-directed immunotherapy but also opens new avenues in patient stratification and treatment selection, ultimately improving clinical management.

Abstract Fungal natural products from various species often feature hydroxamic acid motifs that have the ability to chelate iron. These compounds have an array of medicinally and ecologically relevant activities. Through genome mining, gene deletion in the host Aspergillus terreus, and heterologous expression experiments, this study has revealed that a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) TamA and a specialized cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TamB catalyze the sequential biosynthetic reactions in the formation of terramides A-C, a series of diketopiperazines (DKPs) with hydroxamic acid motifs. Feeding experiments showed that TamB catalyzes an unprecedented di-hydroxylation of the amide nitrogens in the diketopiperazine core. This tailoring reaction led to the formation of two bidentate iron-binding sites per molecule with an unusual iron-binding stoichiometry. The structure of the terramide A-Fe complex was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Antimicrobial assays showed that the iron-binding motifs are crucial for the activity against bacteria and fungi. Murine infection experiments indicated that terramide production is crucial for the virulence of A. terreus and could be a potential antifungal drug target.

Abstract We conducted a post hoc analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to investigate whether red blood cell (RBC) indices are associated with efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), and whether the association is affected by age. In this post hoc analysis, patients with RBC indices at admission were enrolled. RBC indices including RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed. According to the median of these RBC indices, eligible patients were divided into high and low groups, which were further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups. Primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days, which was used to evaluate RIC efficacy. RIC efficacy as well as effect of age on RIC efficacy were analyzed across the high and low groups of different RBC indices, and the interaction effects of RBC indices on RIC efficacy were evaluated. A total of 1640 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. In overall patients, no significant interaction effects of RIC intervention by all RBC indices were found, although there was a trend in interaction effect of RIC intervention by MCH (p = 0.116). However, we found an effect of age on the association of MCH with RIC efficacy. In patients over 60 years old, MCH significantly affected RIC efficacy (p = 0.006) and RIC significantly produced a higher proportion of primary outcome in high MCH (72.6% vs. 59.1%, P

Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent mRNA modification known for its implications in various cancer types, yet its role in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed m6A-SEAL-seq and RNA-seq analyses on tissues from three chRCC subjects, aiming to uncover m6A alterations in chRCC. Our findings revealed reduced expression levels of four m6A regulators in chRCC tissues and highlighted differences in m6A levels compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, we identified specific genes and cancer-related pathways affected by these differences, including notable candidates like NOTCH1 and FGFR1, implicated in chRCC development. Additionally, we developed a predictive model based on the expression level of m6A associated genes, demonstrating promising prognostic capabilities for patient survival prediction. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the role of m6A in chRCC and its potential as a prognostic indicator.

Abstract Psychiatric disorders are severe health challenges that exert a heavy public burden. Air pollution has been widely reported as related to psychiatric disorder risk, but their casual association and pathological mechanism remained unclear. Herein, we systematically investigated the large genome-wide association studies (6 cohorts with 1,357,645 samples), single-cell RNA (26 samples with 157,488 cells), and bulk-RNAseq (1595 samples) datasets to reveal the genetic causality and biological link between four air pollutants and nine psychiatric disorders. As a result, we identified ten positive genetic correlations between air pollution and psychiatric disorders. Besides, PM2.5 and NO2 presented significant causal effects on schizophrenia risk which was robust with adjustment of potential confounders. Besides, transcriptome-wide association studies identified the shared genes between PM2.5/NO2 and schizophrenia. We then discovered a schizophrenia-derived inhibitory neuron subtype with highly expressed shared genes and abnormal synaptic and metabolic pathways by scRNA analyses and confirmed their abnormal level and correlations with the shared genes in schizophrenia patients in a large RNA-seq cohort. Comprehensively, we discovered robust genetic causality between PM2.5, NO2, and schizophrenia and identified an abnormal inhibitory neuron subtype that links schizophrenia pathology and PM2.5/NO2 exposure. These discoveries highlight the schizophrenia risk under air pollutants exposure and provide novel mechanical insights into schizophrenia pathology, contributing to pollutant-related schizophrenia risk control and therapeutic strategies development. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to compare gait characteristics between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with low-risk oral frailty (OF) and high-risk OF, particularly during dual-task walking (DTW); (2) to investigate the association of OF, the gait characteristics of DTW, and falls among older adults patients with CSVD. Methods A total of 126 hospitalized patients diagnosed with CSVD were recruited and classified into a low-risk group (n = 90) and a high-risk group (n = 36) based on OF status in our study. Comprehensive data pertaining to basic parameters (cadence, as well as stride time, velocity and length), variability, asymmetry, and coordination were gathered during both single-task walking (STW) and DTW. Additionally, the number of falls was calculated. Subsequently, t-test or chi-squared test was used for comparison between the two groups. Furthermore, linear regression analysis was employed to elucidate the association of the OF index-8 score and gait parameters during cognitive DTW. Also, logistic regression models were utilized to assess the independent association of OF risk and falls. Results During cognitive DTW, the high-risk group demonstrated inferior performance in terms of basic parameters (p

Abstract Background Loss-of-function mutations of ZBTB24 cause immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies syndrome 2 (ICF2). ICF2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with immunological defects in serum antibodies and circulating memory B cells, resulting in recurrent and sometimes fatal respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. The genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with ICF2 indicates an essential role of ZBTB24 in the terminal differentiation of B cells. Methods We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPER)/Cas9 technology to generate B cell specific Zbtb24-deficient mice and verified the deletion specificity and efficiency by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blotting analyses in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted cells. The development, phenotype of B cells and in vivo responses to T cell dependent or independent antigens post immunization were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adoptive transfer experiment in combination with in vitro cultures of FACS-purified B cells and RNA-Seq analysis were utilized to specifically determine the impact of Zbtb24 on B cell biology as well as the underlying mechanisms. Results Zbtb24 is dispensable for B cell development and maintenance in naive mice. Surprisingly, B cell specific deletion of Zbtb24 does not evidently compromise germinal center reactions and the resulting primary and secondary antibody responses induced by T cell dependent antigens (TD-Ags), but significantly inhibits T cell independent antigen-elicited antibody productions in vivo. At the cellular level, Zbtb24-deficiency specifically impedes the plasma cell differentiation of B1 cells without impairing their survival, activation and proliferation in vitro. Mechanistically, Zbtb24-ablation attenuates heme biosynthesis partially through mTORC1 in B1 cells, and addition of exogenous hemin abrogates the differentiation defects of Zbtb24-null B1 cells. Conclusions Zbtb24 seems to regulate antibody responses against TD-Ags B cell extrinsically, but it specifically promotes the plasma cell differentiation of B1 cells via heme synthesis in mice. Our study also suggests that defected B1 functions contribute to recurrent infections in patients with ICF2.

Abstract Objective To compile a scale of Chinese college students’ perception of teachers’ differential behavior and to provide a reference for college students to establish correct life values, promote college students’ physical and mental health, and reduce teachers’ differential treatment. Methods Open-ended questionnaires and expert interviews were used to conduct interviews and correspondence with 58 college students, ten psychologists, and six psychologists to form an initial questionnaire. Then, the scale’s exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and validity test were conducted on 7053 college students from 18 universities in 6 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government). Results The Chinese college students’ perception of teachers’ differential behavior scale has two dimensions: teacher prejudice and preference. Each dimension includes three aspects: emotional feedback, behavior orientation, and opportunity privilege, and each aspect have a total of 4 items. The consistency test coefficients of each dimension and each factor of the prepared scale are all above 0.7, and the split-half reliability is above 0.6. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the six-factor structural model fits well (χ 2/df = 4.287, RMSEA = 0.066, CFI = 0.950, TLI = 0.919). Using the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the patient health questionaire-9items as empirical criteria, each factor in the scale demonstrated significant correlations with both the GAD scale and the patient health questionaire-9items. Conclusions The Chinese college students’ perception of teachers’ differential behavior scale has a two-dimensional six-factor structure and has good reliability and validity. It can be used as an effective tool to measure Chinese college students’ perceived teacher differential behavior.

Abstract Metastasis accounts for almost 90% of breast cancer-related fatalities, making it frequent malignancy and the main reason of tumor mortality globally among women. LSD1 is a histone demethylase, which plays an important role in breast cancer. In order to explore the effect of LSD1 on invasion and migration of breast cancer, we treated breast cancer cells with MCF7 and T47D exosomes knocked down by LSD1, and the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells were significantly enhanced. This phenomenon indicates that LSD1 can inhibit the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. miR-1290 expression was downregulated in LSD1 knockdown MCF7 exosomes. By analyzing the database of miR-1290 target gene NAT1, we verified that miR-1290 could regulate the expression of NAT1. These data provide fresh insights into the biology of breast cancer therapy by demonstrating how the epigenetic factor LSD1 stimulates the breast cancer cells’ invasion and migration via controlling exosomal miRNA.

Abstract In March 2023, our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) retrospectively examined six cases of pediatric necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB), focusing on co-infections with influenza A virus (IAV) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This study aimed to elucidate NTB’s clinical characteristics, diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches. Diagnostics included symptom assessment, microbiological testing that confirmed all patients were positive for IAV H1N1 with a predominant S. aureus co-infection, and bronchoscopy. The patients predominantly exhibited fever, cough, and dyspnea. Laboratory analysis revealed decreased lymphocyte counts and elevated infection markers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans detected tracheobronchial obstructions in half of the cases, while bronchoscopy showed severe mucosal congestion, edema, necrosis, and purulent-hemorrhagic exudates. Treatments encompassed comprehensive strategies like oxygen therapy, intubation, bronchoscopic interventions, thoracentesis, oseltamivir, and a regimen of antibiotics. Our findings suggested potential correlations between clinical markers, notably lymphocyte count and procalcitonin, and clinical interventions such as the number of rescues and intensive care unit (ICU) duration. This research highlights the importance of early detection and the role of bronchoscopy and specific markers in assessing NTB, advocating for continued research in larger cohorts to better understand its clinical trajectory and refine treatment approaches for this challenging pediatric disease.

Mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology is crucial for the sustainable development of geothermal resources, which has garnered significant attention and rapid growth in recent years. Currently, various geothermal reinjection technologies lag behind, lacking effective integration to address issues like low reinjection rates and thermal breakthrough. This paper reviews the basic principles and development history of mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology, focusing on various technical methods used in the process and analyzing their applicability, advantages, and disadvantages under different geological conditions. It highlights the unique challenges posed by deep geothermal resources, including high temperature, high pressure, high stress, chemical corrosion, and complex geological structures. Additionally, it addresses challenges in equipment selection and durability, system stability and operation safety, environmental impact, and sustainable development. Finally, the paper explores future directions for mid-deep geothermal reinjection technology, highlighting key areas for further research and potential pathways for technological innovation. This comprehensive analysis aims to accelerate the advancement of geothermal reinjection technology, offering essential guidance for the efficient reinjection and sustainable development of geothermal resources.

Trunk anatomy education is critical in the training of the surgeon. Most trunk anatomy education systems use a personal or synthetic anatomical model. It remains difficult to obtain appropriate population anatomy information and create individualized anatomy customization based on a quantity of diverse data. Furthermore, the naked-eye virtual reality modality provides advantages in immersive learning and meta-information transmission. In this study, we present a novel VR torso anatomy teaching environment with naked-eye three-dimensional visualization and free-hand interaction. This article allows us for comprehensive modeling, visualization, and interaction of torso anatomy for human anatomical variation education. In particular, we derive the genuine shape of Chinese male and female torso organs based on the statistical shape model generated from 129 healthy Chinese individuals. The following visual information is given with interaction: 1) Anatomy for human torso organs from CT imaging: geometric modeling, visualization, and interaction of male and female torso organs, including skin, muscle, torso skeleton, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys; 2) morphological differences of trunk organs from meta-information: motion deformation modeling, visualization, and interaction of male and female deformable torso model; 3) instant personalized customization: real-time interaction and visualization for personalized customization with shape mode coefficients and soft body simulation.

AbstractLung cancer is a dangerous disease that is lacking in an ideal therapy. Here, we evaluated the anti-lung cancer effect in nude mice of a fully human single-chain antibody (scFv) against the associated antigen 7 transmembrane receptor (Ts7TMR), which is also called G protein-coupled receptor, between A549 cells and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). Our data showed that anti-Ts7TMR scFv could inhibit lung cancer growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a tumour inhibition rate of 59.1%. HE staining did not reveal any obvious tissue damage. Mechanistically, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the scFv down-regulated the expression of PCNA and VEGF in tumour tissues. Overall, this study found that anti-Ts7TMR scFv could inhibit A549 lung cancer growth by suppressing cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which may provide a new strategy for treating lung cancer.

Abstract The trail making test (TMT) is a commonly used tool for evaluating executive functions, and the activation of cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the test can reflect the participation of executive function. This study aimed to compare the differences in cerebral oxygenation in the PFC between the computer- and paper-based versions of the TMT and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and clinical application of the computer-based version. A total of 32 healthy adult participants completed the computer- and paper-based TMT Types A and B. Cerebral oxygenation changes in the PFC were monitored during the experiment using near-infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, average changes in oxyhemoglobin (Δoxy-Hb) levels at the baseline and during activation periods in different types of testing were compared and analyzed. The number of correct connections in the computer-based version Type B was less than that in the paper-based version Type B (p

Abstract Background The impact of acrylamide (ACR) on learning and memory has garnered considerable attention. However, the targets and mechanisms are still unclear. Results Elongation factor 2 (eEF2) was significantly upregulated in the results of serum proteomics. Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated a notable upregulation of Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), the sole kinase responsible for eEF2 phosphorylation, following exposure to ACR (P

Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) demonstrates enhanced glycolysis, critically contributing to tumor development. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) aids tumor cells in evading T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. Yet, the specific mechanism by which glycolysis influences PD-L1 expression in ccRCC is not fully understood. Our research identified that the glycolysis-related gene (GRG) HK3 has a unique correlation with PD-L1 expression. HK3 has been identified as a key regulator of O-GlcNAcylation in ccRCC. O-GlcNAcylation exists on the serine 900 (Ser900) site of EP300 and can enhance its stability and oncogenic activity by preventing ubiquitination. Stably expressed EP300 works together with TFAP2A as a co-transcription factor to promote PD-L1 transcription and as an acetyltransferase to stabilize PD-L1 protein. Furthermore, ccRCC exhibits interactive dynamics with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which serves as a critical substrate for the O-GlcNAcylation process, facilitates TAMs polarization. In ccRCC cells, HK3 expression is influenced by IL-10 secreted by M2 TAMs. Our study elucidates that HK3-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of EP300 is involved in tumor immune evasion. This finding suggests potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Abstract Cadmium, a common metal pollutant, has been demonstrated to induce type 2 diabetes by disrupting pancreatic β cells function. In this study, transcriptome microarray was utilized to identify differential gene expression in oxidative damage to pancreatic β cells following cadmium exposure. The results indicated that a series of mRNAs, LncRNAs, and miRNAs were altered. Of the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-29a-3p exhibited the most pronounced alteration, with an 11.62-fold increase relative to the control group. Following this, the target gene of miR-29a-3p was identified as Col3a1 through three databases (miRDB, miRTarbase and Tarbase), which demonstrated a decrease across the transcriptome microarray. The upstream target gene of miR-29a-3p was identified as NONMMUT036805, with decreased expression observed in the microarray. Finally, the expression trend of NONMMUT036805/miR-29a-3p/Col3a1 was reversed following NAC pretreatment. This was accompanied by a reduction in oxidative damage indicators, MDA/ROS/GSH-Px appeared to be negatively affected to varying degrees. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that multiple RNAs are altered during cadmium exposure-induced oxidative damage in pancreatic β cells. The NONMMUT036805/miR-29a-3p/Col3a1 axis has been shown to be involved in this process, which provides a foundation for the identification of potential targets for cadmium toxicity intervention.

Abstract Recent observational studies suggest that gut microorganisms are involved in the onset and development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the potential causal relationship behind them remains unclear. Exposure data were derived from the MiBioGen consortium, encompassing 211 gut microbiota (n = 18,340). The outcome data were sourced from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative (round 7), including COVID-19 severity (n = 1,086,211), hospitalization (n = 2,095,324), and susceptibility (n = 2,597,856). First, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was performed to investigate the causal effect between gut microbiota and COVID-19 outcomes. Second, a two-step MR was used to explore the potential mediators and underlying mechanisms. Third, several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results. Five gut microbes were found to have a potential causality with COVID-19 severity, namely Betaproteobacteria (beta = 0.096, p = 0.034), Christensenellaceae (beta = -0.092, p = 0.023), Adlercreutzia (beta = 0.072, p = 0.048), Coprococcus 1 (beta = 0.089, p = 0.032), Eisenbergiella (beta = 0.064, p = 0.024). Seven gut microbes were found to have a potential causality with COVID-19 hospitalization, namely Victivallaceae (beta = 0.037, p = 0.028), Actinomyces (beta = 0.047, p = 0.046), Coprococcus 2 (beta = -0.061, p = 0.031), Dorea (beta = 0.067, p = 0.016), Peptococcus (beta = -0.035, p = 0.049), Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (beta = 0.034, p = 0.018), and Proteobacteria (beta = -0.069, p = 0.035). Two gut microbes were found to have a potential causality with COVID-19 susceptibility, namely Holdemanella (beta = -0.024, p = 0.023) and Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group (beta = 0.026, p = 0.027). Multi-omics mediation analyses indicate that numerous plasma proteins, metabolites, and immune factors are critical mediators linking gut microbiota with COVID-19 outcomes. Sensitivity analysis suggested no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy. These findings revealed the causal correlation and potential mechanism between gut microbiota and COVID-19 outcomes, which may improve our understanding of the gut-lung axis in the etiology and pathology of COVID-19 in the future.

Abstract Low-dose X-CT scanning method effectively reduces radiation hazards, however, reducing the radiation dose will introduce noise and artifacts during the projection process, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the reconstructed image. To address this problem, we combined 2D variational modal decomposition and dictionary learning. We proposed a low-dose CT (LDCT) image denoising algorithm based on an improved K-SVD algorithm with image decomposition. The dictionary obtained by K-SVD training lacks consideration of image structure information. To address this problem, we employ the two-dimensional variational mode decomposition (2D-VMD) method to decompose the image into distinct modal components. Through the adaptive learning of dictionaries based on the characteristics of each modal component, independent denoising processing is applied to each component, avoiding the loss of structural and detailed information in the image. In addition, we introduce the regularized orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (ROMP) and dictionary atom optimization method to improve the sparse representation ability of the dictionary and reduce the impact of noise atoms on denoising performance. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other denoising methods regarding peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity. The proposed method maintains the denoised image details and structural information while removing LDCT image noise and artifacts. The image quality after denoising is significantly improved and facilitates more accurate detection and analysis of lesion areas.

Abstract Background Universal skin cancer screening for the Latino population is impractical. Objectives We focused on melanoma education by conducting an online education campaign and collected baseline, postintervention, and 3‐month follow‐up surveys to assess sun‐protective behaviors. Methods Participants were recruited through (1) social media ads and (2) emails sent to Mayo Clinic Latino patients. Results Total social media impressions were 508,442 and 413,007 in Spanish and English, respectively. There were 18,790 and 11,731 clicks for the Spanish and English ads, respectively, resulting in 175 baseline survey responses. From email distribution, 4151 emails translated to 219 baseline participants. Of the 394 patients who participated in the baseline survey, 89 completed the postintervention survey, and 57 completed the 3‐month follow‐up survey (28 from social media and 29 Mayo Clinic patients). Social media provides a unique opportunity for the medical community to promote melanoma education, distribute content quickly, and provide medical education in disparate healthcare areas. Our Spanish ad click‐through rate was 3.70% compared to 2.84% for English. The click‐to‐action rate was 0.57%, and the baseline‐to‐completion rate was 16.00%. Conclusions Our study suggests social media could be a unique tool for distributing melanoma educational materials to Latino populations. The click‐through rates for this study were several‐fold higher than other studies' reported click‐through rates (0.4%–0.93%). It is important to develop melanoma educational materials that are culturally relevant and focused on Latino populations that can provide persistent improvements in mitigating melanoma risk behaviors such as sunscreen application and self‐skin examinations.

Abstract User requirements serve as the primary reference content in product design. The effective capture of crucial user requirements, followed by the development of a product technical solution aligned with these requirements, stands as a pivotal approach to enhancing design efficiency. In order to explore the problem of generating and decision-making of product technical solutions in the case of complex user demands, this study constructs a user requirements driven product optimization design model, which is used to complete the generation and decision-making of product design solutions in a more reasonable way. The model unfolds across three key stages: Firstly, a user requirements importance ranking system is crafted leveraging Kano Model and Pairwise Analysis. Next, employing the Functional Analysis System Techniques (FAST) theory and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory, user requirements undergo transformation into technical solutions. Finally, these technical solutions are amalgamated into diverse technical combinations, with decisions facilitated by a game theory model to yield the optimal overall design solution. The new optimal design model reduces the influence of subjectivity and ambiguity in the process of user requirements analysis, increases the reliability of the transformation of user requirements into technical solutions, and improves the efficiency of the generation and decision-making of product design solutions under multiobjective situations. The model proposed in this study is exemplified through the development of a medicated bath water heater. Results indicate that the technical solution derived from the model surpasses similar products in terms of user satisfaction, thereby validating its feasibility.

Abstract Disentangling the limitations of O-O bond activation and OH* site-blocking effects on Pt sites is key to improving the intrinsic activity and stability of low-Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we integrate of PtFe alloy nanocrystals on a single-atom Fe-N-C substrate (PtFe@FeSAs-N-C) and further construct a ferromagnetic platform to investigate the regulation behavior of the spin occupancy state of the Pt d-orbital in the ORR. PtFe@FeSAs-N-C delivers a mass activity of 0.75 A mgPt −1 at 0.9 V and a peak power density of 1240 mW cm−2 in the fuel-cell, outperforming the commercial Pt/C catalyst, and a mass activity retention of 97%, with no noticeable current drop at 0.6 V for more than 220 h, is attained. Operando spectroelectrochemistry decodes the orbital interaction mechanism between the active center and reaction intermediates. The Pt dz 2 orbital occupation state is regulated to t 2g 6 e g 3 by spin-charge injection, suppressing the OH* site-blocking effect and effectively inhibiting H2O2 production. This work provides valuable insights into designing high-performance and low-Pt catalysts via spintronics-level engineering.

Abstract Objective We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to determine whether hypertension history and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) affect the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC). Methods Based on the full analysis set of RICAMIS, patients were divided into hypertension versus non‐hypertension group, or

Abstract The concept of volume fracturing has revolutionized the conventional limits of low permeability, expanded the effective resource space, and significantly enhanced oil well production in tight oil reservoir development. This paper elucidates the mechanism of volume fracturing technology for tight sandstone reservoirs by considering multiple factors such as the initiation range of multi-fractures, influence of far-well horizontal principal stress on fracture initiation and propagation, degree of natural fractures development, and mechanical parameters of reservoir rock. Through simulation based on the mechanical parameters of reservoir rock, a comparative analysis was conducted between the model-calculated rock fracture pressure value and measured data from fracturing construction wells in the study area. The results revealed that there was a discrepancy within 10% between the model calculations and actual data. By simulating the effects of different injection volumes of fracturing fluid, pumping rates, and perforation methods on the fracture geometry, optimal design parameters for volume fracturing technology were obtained. Additionally, we propose optimization ideas and suggestions for construction parameters applicable to field operations. The simulation results indicate that a minimum recommended fluid volume scale exceeding 1800 m3 is advised for the reservoir. Based on frictional calculations, it is recommended to have an on-site construction rate not less than 18.0 m3/min along with 36–48 holes/section for perforation purposes. The numerical simulation research presented in this paper provides a theoretical reference basis and practical guidance for the application of fracturing network technology in tight sandstone reservoirs.

Abstract Rapid urbanization increases psychological stress among pedestrians, potentially heightening mental health disorders. This study examines the role of street walls' visual and textural characteristics in stress recovery, using Qingdao as a case study. Virtual reality is employed to simulate five distinct street walls: yellow mortar, brown stone, red brick, green plant, and white mortar. The stress recovery effectiveness of these walls was evaluated through psychological and physiological indicators from 48 young college students. Results indicated that street walls with warm tones, particularly brown stone, significantly aid stress recovery. Psychologically, Restorative Components Scale was highest for brown stone at 1.13. Physiologically, it was linked with notable reductions in diastolic and pulse pressure (decreases of 2.95 mmHg and 2.27 mmHg, respectively), and enhanced parasympathetic activity, as evidenced by the fastest decrease in low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF), and increases in pNN50 and RR (0.14–2.01% and 1.57–11.81 ms, respectively). For urban design, the incorporation of warm-toned materials and natural elements like stone is recommended for their superior restorative benefits.