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22. Optimization of the preparation process of Spirulina blended liquor and Spirulina fermented wine, analysis of volatile components and in vitro antioxidant study.

Author

Li, Xinyi, Feng, Jia, Lv, Junping, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xudong, Liu, Yang, Xie, Shulian, and Nan, Fangru

Abstract

The optimal conditions were explored for the preparation of Spirulina blended liquor (SBL) and Spirulina fermented wine (SFW), respectively. The parameters obtaining highest alga polysaccharide were calculated by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for SBL preparation were base liquor of 42% vol, ultrasonication time of 37‐min and ultrasonic power of 80 W with polysaccharide content (PC) and alcohol content (AC) of 0.2181 g/L and 39.7% vol, respectively. In the case of SFW, optimum fermentation occurred at 22°C, with a 4% inoculum and 6‐day period with PC and AC of 8.533 g/L and 11.2% vol, respectively. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to quantitatively analyze the volatile components of SBL and SFW. There were 32 and 40 main aroma compounds in SBL and SFW, respectively. Volatile organic compounds, including α‐ionone and β‐ionone, produced by Spirulina were detected in both SBL and SFW. Comparative evaluation of scavenging activity and total reducing power revealed the antioxidant capacity of SFW significantly outperformed that of SBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Analysis of Adaptive Evolution and Coevolution of L Gene in the Genus (Rhodophyta)

Author

Nan Fangru, Han Yuxin, Liu Xudong, Feng Jia, Lv Junping, Liu Qi, and Xie Shulian

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

The adaptive evolution and coevolution of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit ( rbc L) gene in the genus Hildenbrandia were studied based on phylogenetic tree construction and the physicochemical properties and the secondary structures of protein encoded by rbc L (Rubisco large subunit) were analyzed. The amino acids compositions and grand average of hydropathicity of freshwater H. rivularis and marine H. rubra were similar. Rubisco large subunit of Hildenbrandia was hydrophilic and the secondary structure was primarily composed of α-helixes and β-sheets, revealing the relatively stable structure of this protein. The predicted phosphorylation sites in H. rivularis and H. rubra were 33 and 36, respectively. No positive selection sites were detected in the genus Hildenbrandia , implying that rbc L gene evolved either neutrally or under purifying selection. A total of 41 coevolutionary groups were detected in the Rubisco large subunit of Hildenbrandia and the coevolving sites are in closer proximity in 3-dimensional structure of the protein. Despite the long evolutionary history, rbc L gene in genus Hildenbrandia under different environments is rather conservative.

Published
2020
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39. Chamaepinnularia taihangensis N. N. Cui & Q. Liu 2023, sp. nov

Author

Cui, Nini, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xudong, Nan, Fangru, Kociolek, John Patrick, and Xie, Shulian

Subjects
Chromista, Bacillariophyceae, Ochrophyta, Naviculaceae, Biodiversity, Naviculales, Chamaepinnularia, Taxonomy, Chamaepinnularia taihangensis
Abstract

Chamaepinnularia taihangensis N.N. Cui & Q. Liu sp. nov. Figs 2–20 LM (Figs 2–11):— Large specimens, linear-lanceolate valves with capitate apices and margins with distinct triple curvatures (Figs 2–8). Small specimens, valves elliptic-lanceolate with capitate apices and with or without distinct triple curvature (Figs 9–11). Length 10–14 μm, width 3.0–3.5 μm. Axial area narrow, rhombic, widening toward the middle of valve and nearly reaching the valve margins. Central area rhombic. Striae slightly radiate in the central area and convergent toward the ends, 20–21 in 10 μm. Raphe straight, proximal raphe ends expanded and bent slightly to the same side, the terminal raphe fissures deflected to the same direction. SEM (Figs 12–20):— Externally, striae composed of elongated chamber-like areolae and covered by vela (Figs 12–16). Raphe straight and filiform. Proximal raphe ends expanded and unilaterally deflected (Figs 12, 14). Terminal raphe curved to hook-shaped and continuing onto the mantle (Figs 12, 13, 16). Axial area narrow, rhombic. Fascias present, forming rhombic central areas (Fig. 12). Internally, areolae openings interrupted by siliceous bridge that divides striae in two parts (Fig. 17), one small, rounded and located on the valve face-mantle junction, whereas the other elongated and located on the valve face. Proximal raphe ends unilaterally hooked (Fig. 19). Terminal raphe ends weakly deflected and terminated as well-developed helictoglossae (Figs 18, 20). Type:— CHINA. Taihang Valley, Shanxi Province, epiphyton, 35°12’ N, 113°20’ E, 1760 m asl., June 2020 (holotype SXU! slide THS202006086 = Fig. 3, Freshwater Algal Herbarium of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; isotype: COLO slide, J.P. Kociolek Collection). Etymology:— Named for the region in which it was found. Ecology and distribution:— C. taihangensis sp. nov. was found in Eight spring gorge, Taihang Valley. Conditions in the type material were as follows: Temperature 17.2 ºC, pH = 8.32, EC = 318.6 µs̽ cm-1, AT = 679.4 mm Hg, dissolved oxygen = 9.57 mg ̽L- 1 and total dissolved solids = 279.50 mg ̽L- 1. Associated diatom species: — The type population of C. taihangensis sp. nov. was found in samples associated with other species. In THS202006086, two dominant species were Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki (1994: 157) (25.8 %) and Delicata sinensis Krammer & Metzeltin (2003: 121) (Krammer 2003) (24.0 %). Diatoma moniliformis (Kützing) D.M. Williams (2012: 260) represented 7.5 % of the community with Cymbopleura kuelbsii (Krammer 2003: 94) (5.8 %), Achnanthidium rivulare Potapova & Ponader (2004: 36) (4.0 %), Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) H.Kobayasi (1997: 148) (3.8 %), Denticula elegans Kützing (1844: 44) (3.0 %), Navicula antonii Lange-Bertalot (2000: 155) (Rumrich, U., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Rumrich, M. 2000) (2.8 %), and Chamaepinnularia taihangensis sp. nov. (2.0 %)., Published as part of Cui, Nini, Liu, Qi, Liu, Xudong, Nan, Fangru, Kociolek, John Patrick & Xie, Shulian, 2023, Chamaepinnularia taihangensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom species from Taihang Valley, Shanxi province, China, pp. 184-192 in Phytotaxa 587 (2) on pages 185-186, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7731953, {"references":["Czarnecki, D. B. (1994) The freshwater diatoms culture collection at Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 17: 155 - 174.","Krammer, K. (2003) Cymbopleura, Delicata, Navicymbula, Gomphocymbellopsis, Afrocymbella. In: Diatoms of Europe, Diatoms of the European Inland waters and comparable habitats. Vol. 4. pp. 1 - 529.","Williams, D. M. (2012) Diatoma moniliforme: Commentary, relationships and an appropriate name. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 141: 255 - 261.","Potapova, M. G. & Ponader, K. C. (2004) Two common North American diatoms, Achnanthidium rivulare sp. nov. and A. deflexum (Reimer) Kingston: morphology, ecology and comparison with related species. Diatom Research 19 (1): 33 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2004.9705606","Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen: zu finden bei W. Kohne, 152 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360"]}

Published
2023
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