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Food literacy has significant potential for improving some aspects of food insecurity by increasing flexibility and maximizing the use of available resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the indicators and factors affecting food literacy among rural households by survey method among the statistical population of rural households in Dashti city of Bushehr province. The number of samples was selected based on Cochran's formula and 232 households by multistage sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by the pilot and the opinion of faculty of agricultural extension and education and data analysis was performed using SPSS25 software. The results showed that the average food literacy among rural households with different levels of education and income level was significantly different. The results of examining the causal relationship in the form of path analysis test showed that among the variables included in the model, the use of ecosystem services (effect of 0.725), attitude towards conventional agriculture (effect of 0.577) and food security (effect of 0.465) had the highest effect (sum of direct and indirect effects) on food literacy and the age variable (effect of 0.225) had the lowest. In order to improve the food literacy of rural communities, it is recommended to identify the scientific methods that can be offered in formal and informal education courses, and pay more attention to the empirical knowledge of villagers regarding food, as well as appropriate educational management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is the most important phenomenon that can endanger the existence and survival of the rural community. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social capital components and place attachment on the migration of people in the villages of Jiroft County, which was done with a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study was the active rural population. Krejice and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size (n=382). A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample. A questionnaire was used for data collection that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Furthermore, in order to assess the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated (0.7a0.83؛). The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that increasing the distance between rural and urban areas leads to more migration. Also, the decrease in social capital among the villagers leads to an increase in their migration. The results of path analysis showed that all components of social capital have direct and significant effects on migration, and among these, social participation has the most significant direct effect on rural migration. At the same time, place attachment also has a significant direct negative effect on migration. All components of social capital have a significant direct positive effect on place attachment. This means that the higher the level of social participation, social cohesion, social trust, social awareness and social relations of the people in rural communities, the higher the probability that their place attachment will be increased and consequently, the lower the likelihood of migration among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Social health is one of the most important dimensions of public health in society along with other mental, spiritual, medical, etc. dimensions. It plays a significant role in the sustainable development of society in order to prevent social harm and pave the way for the participation of individuals in all areas of society. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the social health of rural households in Shiraz and the factors affecting it. The research method is survey and the statistical population consists of rural households in Shiraz city, the number of which is 384 households based on Morgan table and selected by stratified random sampling method. Based on the reported values of fitness indicators, it was found that the model of confirmatory factor analysis of the research, based on five dimensions, has a suitable and acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.04) and the components can be used to estimate social health and therefore the structure used to measure social health has an acceptable validity. The measured model showed that social health can be a function of five factors of social cohesion, social acceptance, social participation, social adaptation and social prosperity derived from Keyes theory of social health and all selected indicators of research except one indicator in the component of social acceptance, have shown their significant effects in measuring social health. Based on the results of the regression test, the adjusted coefficient showed that 64.9% of social health changes are explained by independent variables. Finally, suggestions for promoting social health are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of valued-cultural orientations (fatalistic, individualistic, egalitarian, and hierarchical) and environmental concern on farmers' soil conservation behavior. Present study is an applied research which was carried out though a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population under the study was the villages of Miandoab County (N= 22750) from which 378 farmers were selected as a sample using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed in order to select the samples. Research tool was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of academic experts. A pilot test and Cronbach's alpha coef- ficients were used to examine the reliability of the questionnaire (0.73≤α≤0.91). The results revealed that environmental concern towards soil conservation had significant positive effect on soil conservation behavior of farmers. Moreover, egalitarian and hierarchical value orientations towards soil conservation had also significant and positive effects on environmental concern towards soil conservation. However, individualistic and fatalistic value orientations towards soil conservation had significant and negative effects on environmental concern towards soil conservation. The results revealed that independent variables within the framework could account for 42.5 % of variance change in dependent variable (soil conservation behavior). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]