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28. Deficits of Movement Accuracy and Proprioceptive Sense in the Ipsi-lesional Upper Limb of Patients with Hemiparetic Stroke

Author

Son, Sung Min, Kwon, Yong Hyun, Lee, Na Kyung, Nam, Seok Hyun, and Kim, Kyoung

Subjects
Proprioceptive sense, Original, Visuomotor coordination, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Motor deficits
Abstract

[Purpose] Previous studies have reported on motor deficits in the ipsilateral upper limbs (UL) of a damaged brain hemisphere in motor tasks. However, little is known about sensory deficits on the ipsilateral side. Therefore, we investigated whether both motor and sensory function of the ipsilateral UL are affected in patients with stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Fifty patients with unilateral stroke and 40 age- and sex- matched normal subjects participated in this study. Subjects were evaluated on performance of a tracking task for motor function, and by the joint reposition test for integrity of proprioceptive sense in the ipsilateral UL. [Result] The comparison of the stroke group and the control group showed significant differences in performance of the tracking task and the joint reposition test. The accuracy index for the tracking task showed significant correlation with the error score for the joint reposition test in the stroke group. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the ipsilateral UL of stroke patients has impairment in sensory function which is related to proprioceptive sense, along with motor deficits. Therefore, we think that the difficulty stroke patients experience with motor tasks for the ipsilateral UL is induced by diminished integrity of sensorimotor function due to both sensory and motor deficits.

Published
2013
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30. Mechanism of Antibacterial Activities of a Rice Hull Smoke Extract (RHSE) Against Multidrug‐Resistant <italic>Salmonella</italic> Typhimurium <italic>In Vitro</italic> and in Mice.

Author

Kim, Sung Phil, Lee, Sang Jong, Nam, Seok Hyun, and Friedman, Mendel

Subjects
ANTIBACTERIAL agents, SALMONELLA, MULTIDRUG resistance in bacteria, ANTI-infective agents, BACTERIA
Abstract

Abstract: The present study tested antibacterial activity of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against a multidrug‐resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium and examined its mode of suppressive action in vitro and in mice. In vitro studies showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of RHSE was 1.29% (v/v). The inactivation was confirmed by complete loss of cell viability in the range of 104 to 107 colony forming units of the resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strain. Agarose and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses were used to evaluate the integrities of bacterial genomic DNA and total cellular protein profiles. The antibacterial action of RHSE results from a leakage of intracellular macromolecules following rupture of bacterial cells. Scanning electron microscopy of the cells shows that RHSE also induced deleterious morphological changes in the bacterial cell membrane of the pathogens. In vivo antibacterial activity of RHSE at a 1 × MIC concentration was examined in a bacterial gastroenteritis model using Balb/c mice orally infected with the Salmonella Typhimurium. The results show greatly decreased excretion of the bacteria into the feces and suppressed translocation of the bacteria to internal organs (cecum, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver) compared with the infected mice not subjected to the RHSE treatment. Collectively, the present findings indicate that the mechanism of the antibacterial activities both in vitro and in the gastroenteritis environment of the animal model is the result of the direct disruption of cell structure, leading to cell death. RHSE has the potential to serve as a multifunctional food additive that might protect consumers against infections by antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms. Practical Application: The rice hull derived liquid smoke has the potential to complement widely used wood‐derived smoke as an antimicrobial flavor and health‐promoting formulation for application in foods and feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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