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To evaluate phenolic compounds and whether the combination of a tanniferous fruit and soybean oil could improve the performance, meat characteristics, and fatty acid (FA) profile in lambs, an experiment was conducted over 40 days with twenty creole male lambs (23.71±3.46 kg). The lambs were allotted in a completely randomised design, with factorial arrangement 2 × 2, with the following dietary treatments: (1) control diet, (2) 2%Caesalpinia coriariaground fruit dry matter (DM), (3) 2% soybean oil DM, and (4) 2%Caesalpinia coriariafruit plus 2% soybean oil. The concentration of condensed tannins (CT) inCaesalpinia coriaceawas 21.71 g/kg DM. No interactions were detected (P>0.05) among soybean oil andCaesalpinia coriaria, and there were no differences in daily gain, intake, and feed conversion. Soybean oil reduced (P<0.05) DM digestibility (68.05 versus 59.56%). In fat from thelongissimus thoracis et lumborum(LTL) muscle, only linoleic acid presented differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The combination ofCaesalpinia coriaceafruit and soybean oil did not improve lamb performance at the included levels.

The production of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) by a two-step process was investigated. In the first step, the free fatty acids (FFAs) present in the oil were esterified with methanol by a photocatalytic process using Cr/SiO2 semiconductor composite and solar irradiation as light source. The catalytic performances of Cr/SiO2 calcined at different temperatures (500–1000 °C) were investigated in FFAs photo-esterification process. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and nitrogen physisorption. Characterization results revealed the presence of Cr6+ in the samples calcined at temperatures between 500 and 600 °C. However, a mixture of Cr6+ and Cr3+ was detected in the samples calcined at higher temperatures (700–1000 °C). The catalysts calcined between 700 and 1000 °C showed a very high activity for FFAs photo-esterification. A mechanism is proposed to explain this high photoactivity, assuming a synergetic electronic interaction between Cr6+ and Cr3+ during photo-irradiation, which generates H+, CH3O and R COOH radicals in high concentration at the photocatalyst surface. The second step consisted in the triglycerides transesterification with methanol through thermal activation using solar irradiation as heating source and catalyzed by NaOH. Produced biodiesel by this process, fulfills all the international requirements for its utilization as a fuel.

A two-step catalytic process for the production of biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) at low cost, utilizing waste animal-bone as catalyst and solar radiation as heat source is reported in this work. In the first step, the free fatty acids (FFA) in WFO were esterified with methanol by a catalytic process using calcined waste animal-bone as catalyst, which remains active even after 10 esterification runs. The trans-esterification step was catalyzed by NaOH through thermal activation process. Produced biodiesel fulfills all the international requirements for its utilization as a fuel. A probable reaction mechanism for the esterification process is proposed considering the presence of hydroxyapatite at the surface of calcined animal bones.

To evaluate phenolic compounds and whether the combination of a tanniferous fruit and soybean oil could improve the performance, meat characteristics, and fatty acid (FA) profile in lambs, an experiment was conducted over 40 days with twenty creole male lambs (23.71 ± 3.46 kg). The lambs were allotted in a completely randomised design, with factorial arrangement 2 × 2, with the following dietary treatments: (1) control diet, (2) 2% Caesalpinia coriaria ground fruit dry matter (DM), (3) 2% soybean oil DM, and (4) 2% Caesalpinia coriaria fruit plus 2% soybean oil. The concentration of condensed tannins (CT) in Caesalpinia coriacea was 21.71 g/kg DM. No interactions were detected (P > 0.05) among soybean oil and Caesalpinia coriaria, and there were no differences in daily gain, intake, and feed conversion. Soybean oil reduced (P < 0.05) DM digestibility (68.05 versus 59.56%). In fat from the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, only linoleic acid presented differences (P < 0.05) between treatments. The combination of Caesalpinia coriacea fruit and soybean oil did not improve lamb performance at the included levels.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four levels of fish oil on lamb performance, carcass yield, ruminal fermentation, and leptin gene expression in perirenal fat. Thirty-two lambs (24.10±2.15 kg, Katahdin × Pelibuey) were used in a completely randomized experimental design. The lambs were assigned to one of four dietary treatments (n = 8 lambs/treatment), expressed as g/kg DM basis: 0 fish oil and 300 corn; 10 fish oil and 250 corn; 20 fish oil and 205 corn; and 30 fish oil and 170 corn. The lambs were weighed on consecutive days at the beginning (days 0 and 1) and at the end (days 55 and 56) of the trial. Ruminal fluid samples were collected on day 56 to evaluate the ruminal fermentation pattern. The lambs were slaughtered on day 56; perirenal adipose tissue samples were collected and the carcass yields were recorded. Volatile fatty acids, ammonia N, and leptin mRNA expression were not affected by the dietary treatments. However, the dry matter intake, average daily gain, final body weight, and the hot carcass yield showed either increased linear or quadratic responses as the proportion of fish oil increased in the ration; the estimated optimal level obtained of fish oil levels for average daily gain was 11.2±0.21 g/kg and 12.8±4.67 g/kg for feed conversion. Additionally, feed efficiency and backfat thickness had an increment, showing quadratic response as the proportion of fish oil increased in the diet. Increasing the fish oil concentration in the diet does not affect leptin messenger ribonucleic acid expression. The lamb performance can be improved with 12 g/kg fish oil in diets of finishing lambs.

Online advertising has seen great growth over the past few years. Advertisers have gotten better results with campaigns targeted at more specific audiences. Ad networks with few visits are unable to create such campaigns and hence are moving forward towards a new model, consisting of a huge global ad exchange market. In this market millions of advertisers compete for the ad space so that their ad will be shown to users upon visiting a page. In selecting the best candidate from all possibilities algorithms able to process advertiser's requirements in tenths of seconds are needed. To face this problem we have developed algorithms using techniques such as threads, AVL trees with hash, multiple node trees or Hadoop technology. Throughout this article we will show the results gained from each algorithm, a comparative performance analysis and some conclusions. We have also proposed some future lines of work.