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1. Antibacterial activity of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. extract and its active component flavanthrinin against skin-associated bacteria

Author

Donruedee Sanguansermsri, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Kittisak Buaban, Vachira Choommongkol, Chareeporn Akekawatchai, Noree Charoensri, Ian Fraser, and Nalin Wongkattiya

Subjects
Dioscorea bulbifera L., Flavanthrinin, Antibacterial activity, Skin-associated bacteria, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

Abstract Background Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. has been used for wound care in Thailand. However, a comprehensive evaluation of its antibacterial activity is required. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of D. bulbifera extract against skin-associated bacteria and isolate and characterize its active antibacterial agent, flavanthrinin. Methods Air-dried bulbils of D. bulbifera were pulverised and extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water; vacuum filtered; concentrated; freeze-dried; and stored at -20 ºC. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was assessed using microdilution techniques against several skin-associated bacteria. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography was used to identify the active compounds in the extract, which were fractionated by column chromatography and purified by preparative TLC. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The cytotoxicity of the extract and its active compounds was evaluated in Vero cells. Results The ethyl acetate extract exhibited distinct inhibition zones against bacteria compared to other extracts. Therefore, the ethyl acetate extract of D. bulbifera in the ethyl acetate layer was used for subsequent analyses. D. bulbifera extract exhibited antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.78–1.56 mg/mL. An active compound, identified through TLC-bioautography, demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity, with MICs of 0.02–0.78 mg/mL. NMR analysis identified this bioactive compound as flavanthrinin. Both D. bulbifera extract and flavanthrinin-containing fraction demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermidis. The flavanthrinin containing fraction demonstrated low cytotoxicity against Vero cells, showing CC50 values of 0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL. These values are lower than the MIC value, indicating that this fraction is safer than the initial ethyl acetate extract. Conclusions Dioscorea bulbifera extract and its bioactive component flavanthrinin demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against the skin-associated bacteria Staphylococci, including MRSA. Flavanthrinin has potential as a complementary therapeutic agent for managing skin infections owing to its potent antibacterial effects and low cytotoxicity.

Published
2024
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2. Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Eclipta prostrata Extracts

Author

Nalin Wongkattiya, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Chareeporn Akawatchai, Ian Fraser, and Donruedee Sanguansermsri

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Eclipta prostrata is traditionally used in Asian medicine to treat skin diseases. Given the side effects and bacterial resistance of conventional treatments, especially in aging populations, alternative therapies are needed. This study assesses the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of E. prostrata extracts, focusing on optimizing extraction and fractionation methods for better efficacy. Dried whole plants were extracted with ethanol. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using broth microdilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Antioxidant activity was assessed using a DPPH radical scavenging assay, and cytotoxicity was tested in Vero cells using an MTT assay. The MIC values for crude ethanol extracts ranged from 1.56 to 3.12 mg/ml, and from 0.78 to 1.56 mg/ml for fractionated compounds, indicating increased antibacterial efficacy in fractionated compounds. Antioxidant assays showed an IC50 of 0.666 mg/ml for crude extracts and 0.174 mg/ml for fractionated compounds, indicating higher antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was 23.25±2.03 mg GAE/g for crude extracts and 95.56±1.09 mg GAE/g for fractionated compounds. Cytotoxicity assays showed IC50 values of 0.10±0.02 mg/ml for crude extracts and 0.06±0.01 mg/ml for fractionated compounds. This study advances extraction and fractionation methods, yielding extracts with significantly increased antibacterial and antioxidant properties. E. prostrata extracts, particularly fractionated compounds, show promising therapeutic potential, though high cytotoxicity in some fractions requires further investigation. These findings support the potential of E. prostrata in modern pharmaceutical formulations for treating skin conditions, especially those associated with aging.

Published
2024
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3. Antibacterial activity of ajwain oil on multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human faeces

Author

Nalin Wongkattiya, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Kanit Assawatheptawee, Pannika Ritvirool Niumsup, Ian Hamilton Fraser, and Donruedee Sanguansermsri

Subjects
ajwain oil, thymol, antibacterial activity, multidrug-resistant bacteria, Technology, Technology (General), T1-995, Science, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of ajwain oil on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human faeces, the mode of action, and the active components. The studies also include the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ajwain oil showed broad spectrum and strong antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested. The ajwain oil contained at least nine chemical compounds, and thymol was shown to be the most active component against all tested bacteria. Time-kill assay showed bactericidal effect and over 2 log reduction of MRSA and MDR Enterobacteriaceae after exposure to the ajwain oil for 30 and 10 minutes, respectively (1x, 2x, and 4x MIC). The scanning electron micrograph of MRSA and MDR Escherichia coli demonstrated bacterial cellular destruction after one-hour exposure to the 1x MIC of ajwain oil. Our results suggest that the application of ajwain oil may have potential for control and treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Published
2022
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4. Variation in the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Five New Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Clones in Thailand

Author

Sapit Diloksumpun, Nalin Wongkattiya, Kittisak Buaban, Tharinee Saleepochn, Panawan Suttiarporn, and Suwaporn Luangkamin

Subjects
Eucalyptus urophylla, E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis hybrid, Eucalyptus hybrid, essential oil, antibacterial, antioxidant, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Eucalyptus oils are widely used for a variety of purposes. This study investigates the terpenoid compositions and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of eucalypt leaf oils extracted from four E. urophylla clones and one E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis hybrid clone grown in Thailand. According to GC/MS analysis, the E. urophylla oils were mainly composed of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and spathulenol, while 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were mostly identified in the hybrid oil. All eucalypt oils exhibited a significant bacteriostatic effect against Gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. Only the hybrid oil had an effect on all Gram-negative bacteria tested, including Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes. These oils have antibacterial properties that vary according to their terpenoid content. Only the hybrid oil had a potent antioxidant effect, with an IC50 value of 4.21 ± 0.35 mg/mL for free radical (DPPH) scavenging. This oil’s antioxidant effect may be a result of the phenolic terpenoids, thymol and carvacrol. As a result, these oils may be a novel source of antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Additionally, the antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities of the E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis hybrid essential oil are reported for the first time.

Published
2022
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5. Quantitative determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn. leaves using HPTLC

Author

Aussavashai Shuayprom, Donruedee Sanguansermsri, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Ian Hamilton Fraser, and Nalin Wongkattiya

Subjects
HPTLC, Thin layer chromatography, Vitexin, Passiflora foetida Linn., Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Objective: To establish a simple, rapid, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method with densitometric detection for the determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn. (P. foetida). Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant leaf powder was used for the experimental work. Separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with ethyl acetate: methanol: distilled water: formic acid in the proportion of 50:2:3:6 (v/v), as the mobile phase. The determination was carried out using the densitometric absorbance mode at 340 nm. Results: Vitexin response was linear over the range of 2.5–17.5 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Intraday and interday precision studies showed the relative SD was

Published
2016
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6. Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine

Author

Sirada Pongmuangmul, Supaporn Phumiamorn, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Nalin Wongkattiya, Ian Hamilton Fraser, and Donruedee Sanguansermsri

Subjects
Glycoglycerolipids, Monogalactosyl diglyceride, Digalactosyl diglyceride, Clinacanthus nutans, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Herpes simplex virus type 2, Antiviral activity, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG) from Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) for their in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay. Methods: MGDG and DGDG were extracted with chloroform from C. nutans leaves. MGDG and DGDG were separated from chloroform crude extract using column chromatography, characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti HSV-1 and 2 activity against pre-treatment and post-treatment of the compounds was evaluated using plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the compounds on Vero cells were performed by MTT assay. Results: MGDG and DGDG obtained by column chromatography showed identical profiles as standard MGDG and standard DGDG using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans showed 100% inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the post step of infection at noncytotoxic concentration with IC50 values of 36.00 and 40.00 μg/mL, and HSV-2 at 41.00 and 43.20 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans were demonstrated to have anti-herpes simplex activity at the same level as standard synthetic compounds. In contrast, pre-treatment of Vero cells with MGDG and DGDG before HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection did not show inhibitory effect against these viruses. MGDG and DGDG exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index of 26.00 and 23.00 and HSV-2 of 23.30 and 21.30. Conclusions: MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine illustrated inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, probably by inhibiting the late stage of multiplication, suggesting their promising use as anti-HSV agents.

Published
2016
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8. Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. and Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Extracts and Their Potential as a Treatment for Xerosis Cutis

Author

Nalin Wongkattiya, Chayanin Pratoomsoot, and Donruedee Sanguansermsri

Subjects
Acanthus ebracteatus, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Coccinia grandis, food.ingredient, biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Antimicrobial, food, Complementary and alternative medicine, Staphylococcus aureus, Clerodendrum, medicine, Viability assay, Antagonism
Abstract

Background: A common health condition among older persons is xerosis cutis. Topical corticosteroid treatments are ­associated with side effects. There is an unmet need for her­bal treatment alternatives. Coccinia grandis, Clerodendrum inerme and Acanthus ebracteatus are used to treat skin con­ditions in Thai traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, synergistic properties as well as their cytotoxicity. Methods: ­Ethanolic herbal extracts were used to perform minimal ­inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays on common skin pathogens. Synergistic anti­microbial activity was evaluated by a chequerboard assay. Antioxidant and synergistic properties were assessed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Cytotoxicity was tested on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocytes. Results: All extracts showed an inhibitory effect on growth of all microorganisms tested. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.0625 to 32 mg/mL and from 0.0625 to >256 mg/mL, respectively. A. ebracteatus extract markedly demonstrated bactericidal activity against an methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Additive antimicrobial activity was observed (fractional inhibitory concentration index values: 0.75–1). All extracts possessed antioxidant properties (IC50 values: 0.12–0.25 mg/L). However, antagonism was observed with paired extract combinations (combination index values: 1.025–1.455). The cell viability assay confirmed that herbal extracts were not cytotoxic. Conclusions: Our results provide early findings of pharmacological activities to support a novel choice of herbal combinations as potential local skin treatment options for xerosis cutis.

Published
2020
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9. Process Optimization of Microwave Assisted Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction from Siam cardamom using Response Surface Methodology

Author

Keerati Tanruean, Panawan Suttiarporn, Kittisak Buaban, Nalin Wongkattiya, and Pisit Poolprasert

Subjects
Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Microwave assisted, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, response surface methodology, law, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Process optimization, lcsh:TP1-1185, Response surface methodology, microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction, Solvent extraction, Distillation, Essential oil, Chromatography, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Extraction (chemistry), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, leaf sheath of Siam cardamom, 1,8-cineole, 0104 chemical sciences, lcsh:QD1-999, Siam cardamom, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The main goal of the research was to optimize microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction (MA-SDE) using response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box&ndash, Behnken design (BBD). A process was designed to extract the essential oil from the leaf sheath of Siam cardamom. The experimental data were fitted to quadratic equations, and the experiment conditions for optimal extraction of 1,8-cineole were extraction time 87.68 min, material-to-water ratio 1:13.18 g/mL and microwave power 217.77 W. Under such conditions, the content of 1,8-cineole was 157.23 &plusmn, 4.23 &micro, g/g, which matched with the predicted value. GC&ndash, MS results indicated the presence of predominant oxygenated monoterpenes including 1,8-cineole (20.63%), iso-carveol (14.30%), cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (12.27%) and trans-p-2,8-menthadien-1-ol (9.66%), and oxygenated contents were slightly higher in the MA-SDE and extraction compared to usual SDE. In addition, the essential oil extracted by MA-SDE exhibited strong antibacterial effects against the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Scanning electron micrographs provided more evidence of destruction of the leaf sheath treated by MA-SDE. Conclusively, microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and solvent extraction appear to be an effective technique for the separation of essential oils enriched 1,8-cineole from Siam cardamom leaf sheath in a shorter time.

Published
2020
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10. Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. and Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Extracts and Their Potential as a Treatment for Xerosis Cutis

Author

Chayanin, Pratoomsoot, Nalin, Wongkattiya, and Donruedee, Sanguansermsri

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Cucurbitaceae, Anti-Infective Agents, Clerodendrum, Plant Extracts, Acanthaceae, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Skin Diseases, Antioxidants, Phytotherapy
Abstract

A common health condition among older persons is xerosis cutis. Topical corticosteroid treatments are -associated with side effects. There is an unmet need for her-bal treatment alternatives. Coccinia grandis, Clerodendrum inerme and Acanthus ebracteatus are used to treat skin con-ditions in Thai traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, synergistic properties as well as their cytotoxicity.-Ethanolic herbal extracts were used to perform minimal -inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays on common skin pathogens. Synergistic anti-microbial activity was evaluated by a chequerboard assay. Antioxidant and synergistic properties were assessed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Cytotoxicity was tested on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocytes.All extracts showed an inhibitory effect on growth of all microorganisms tested. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.0625 to 32 mg/mL and from 0.0625 to256 mg/mL, respectively. A. ebracteatus extract markedly demonstrated bactericidal activity against an methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Additive antimicrobial activity was observed (fractional inhibitory concentration index values: 0.75-1). All extracts possessed antioxidant properties (IC50 values: 0.12-0.25 mg/L). However, antagonism was observed with paired extract combinations (combination index values: 1.025-1.455). The cell viability assay confirmed that herbal extracts were not cytotoxic.Our results provide early findings of pharmacological activities to support a novel choice of herbal combinations as potential local skin treatment options for xerosis cutis.Hintergrund: Xerosis cutis ist ein häufiges Gesundheitsproblem älterer Menschen. Topische Kortikosteroidtherapien sind mit Nebenwirkungen verbunden. Es besteht ein ungedeckter Bedarf an pflanzlichen Behandlungsalternativen. In der traditionellen thailändischen Medizin werden Coccinia grandis, Clerodendrum inerme und Acanthus ebracteatus zur Behandlung von Hauterkrankungen eingesetzt. Mit der vorliegenden Studie sollten ihre antimikrobiellen und antioxidativen sowie ihre synergistischen Eigenschaften und ihre Zytotoxizität untersucht werden. Methoden: Unter Verwendung alkoholischer Pflanzenextrakte wurden Tests der minimal inhibitorischen (MIC) und minimal bakteriziden Konzen­trationen (MBC) an häufigen Hautpathogenen durchgeführt. Die Beurteilung der synergistischen antimikrobiellen Aktivität erfolgte mittels Checkerboard-Assay. Zur Bewertung der antioxidativen und synergistischen Eigenschaften wurde der 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl-Test verwendet. Die Zytotoxizität wurde an normalen adulten humanen primären epidermalen Keratinozyten untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei allen Extrakten war eine hemmende Wirkung auf das Wachstum aller getesteten Mi­kroorganismen zu beobachten. Die MIC- und MBC-Werte lagen zwischen 0,0625 und 32 mg/mL bzw. zwischen 0,0625 und mehr als 256 mg/mL. Der Extrakt von A. ebracteatus besaß eine deutliche bakterizide Aktivität gegen einen methicillinresistenten Staphylococcus-aureus-Stamm. Es fand sich eine additive antimikrobielle Aktivität (Werte des fraktional inhibitorischen Konzentrationsindex: 0,75–1). Alle Extrakte wiesen antioxidative Eigenschaften auf (IC50-Werte: 0,12–0,25 mg/L). Bei paarigen Extraktkombinationen war allerdings ein Antagonismus zu beobachten (Kombinationsindex-Werte: 1,025–1,455). Der Zellviabilitätstest bestätigte, dass die Pflanzenextrakte nicht zytotoxisch waren. Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Ergebnisse liefern erste Ergebnisse über pharmakologische Aktivitäten und stützen eine neuartige Auswahl pflanzlicher Kombinationen als mögliche therapeutische Optionen zur lokalen Behandlung der Xerosis cutis.

Published
2020

11. Antibacterial activity of cuminaldehyde on food-borne pathogens, the bioactive component of essential oil from Cuminum cyminum L. collected in Thailand

Author

Nalin Wongkattiya, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Donruedee Sanguansermsri, and Ian Hamilton Fraser

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Cuminum, Bacillus cereus, medicine.disease_cause, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, law, Escherichia coli, Oils, Volatile, medicine, Food science, Essential oil, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pathogenic bacteria, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Salmonella typhi, Thailand, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, 040401 food science, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Food Microbiology, Cuminaldehyde, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Antibacterial activity, Bacteria
Abstract

Background Cuminum cyminum L., commonly known as cumin, has been traditionally used in Thai traditional medicine and traditional food flavoring. The present study investigated the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity against all tested major food-borne pathogenic bacteria, and bioactive components of essential oil extracted from C. cyminum L. collected in Thailand. Methods The main components of the essential oil were investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhi were investigated by disk diffusion and microdilution method. The presence of the biologically active antibacterial components was also confirmed by the thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography. Results The main components of the essential oil investigated by GC-MS were cuminaldehyde (27.10%), beta-pinene (25.04%) and gamma-terpinene (15.68%). The essential oil exhibited antibacterial activity against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli and S. Typhi. The essential oil showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against B. cereus with a comparable inhibition zone to tetracycline. TLC confirmed the presence of biologically active antibacterial component in the essential oil against all tested food-borne bacteria. It is further demonstrated that cuminaldehyde was the most active compound in TLC-bioautography which inhibited all of tested bacteria. Conclusions Essential oil extracted from C. cyminum L. exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested major food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Cuminaldehyde is a major bioactive component. Our results suggest that the essential oil extracted from C. cyminum L. could be applied as an alternative natural preservative to control food-borne disease and have the potential for further development of new antibacterial agents.

Published
2019
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12. Chemical compositions and biological properties of essential oils from Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Zanthoxylum limonella Alston

Author

Chareeporn Akekawatchai, Ian Hamilton Fraser, Phanchana Sanguansermsri, Donruedee Sanguansermsr, Nalin Wongkattiya, and Chayanin Pratoomsoot

Subjects
food.ingredient, biology, Traditional medicine, 010405 organic chemistry, DPPH, Sabinene, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, Free radical scavenger, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Complementary and alternative medicine, Zanthoxylum, chemistry, Phytochemical, law, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, Zanthoxylum limonella, GC-MS, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-breast cancer activity, Drug Discovery, Antibacterial activity, Essential oil
Abstract

Background: Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and Zanthoxylum limonella Alston are spices for flavouring in indigenous Thai food. They are traditionally used as an aromatic, astringent, antimicrobial, antiseptic and antidiabetic agent. The purpose of this study is to examine their chemical compositions and evaluate antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties of the essential oils.Materials and Methods: The essential oils of Z. rhetsa and Z. limonella were analysed for phytochemical constituents by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was determined against several bacteria using the microdilution method. Antioxidant capacity was determined by free radical scavenger 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. The anticancer activity was determined with two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and the normal African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cell line and using MTT assay.Results: Sabinene (22.51%) and terpinene-4-ol (32.33%) were found to be major components of Z. rhetsa essential oil while limonene (57.94%) and alpha-phelladrene (15.54%) were the major components of Z. limonella essential oil. Essential oil from Z. limonella exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Z. rhetsa and Z. limonella essential oils exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. The essential oil from Z. rhetsa possessed the ability to inhibit breast cancer cell (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) proliferation and cell viability.Conclusion: This study suggest that the essential oils from Z. limonella and Z. rhetsa could be applied as safe antibacterial and antioxidant agents for food and have the potential for further development of new anticancer agents.Keywords: Zanthoxylum rhetsa, Zanthoxylum limonella, GC-MS, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-breast cancer activity

Published
2018

13. Identification of Streptococcus uberis Multilocus Sequence Types Highly Associated with Mastitis

Author

James A. Leigh, Brian Meehan, Margaret A. Deighton, Gillian D. Pullinger, Takehiro Tomita, Nalin Wongkattiya, and J. Malmo

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Genotype, Sequence analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Population, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Animals, Cluster Analysis, Typing, education, Mastitis, Bovine, Streptococcus uberis, Genetics, Molecular Epidemiology, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Molecular epidemiology, biology, Streptococcus, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Mastitis, Multilocus sequence typing, Cattle, New Zealand, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Streptococcus uberis has identified a cluster of isolates associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis and a cluster associated with cows with low somatic cell counts in their milk. Specific groups of genotypes (global clonal complex [GCC] sequence type 5s [ST5s] and GCC ST143s) were highly associated ( P = 0.006) with clinical and subclinical mastitis and may represent a lineage of virulent isolates, whereas isolates belonging to GCC ST86 were associated with low-cell-count cows. This study has, for the first time, demonstrated the occurrence of identical sequence types (ST60 and ST184) between different continents (Australasia and Europe) and different countries (Australia and New Zealand). The standardized index of association and the empirical estimation of the rate of recombination showed substantial recombination within the S. uberis population in Australia, consistent with previous multilocus sequence type analyses.

Published
2008
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14. Synthesis and activity of polyacetylene substituted 2-hydroxy acids, esters, and amides against microbes of clinical importance

Author

Michael Shane O'shea, Margaret A. Deighton, Andrew C. Warden, Nalin Wongkattiya, Stella Kyi, Ian Macreadie, and Florian Hans Maximilian Graichen

Subjects
Antifungal Agents, Carboxylic acid, Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Alkylation, Biochemistry, Hydrolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polyacetylene, Structure-Activity Relationship, Aminolysis, Amide, Drug Discovery, Organic chemistry, Molecular Biology, Glycolic acid, Antibacterial agent, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Polyynes, Esters, Amides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Molecular Medicine, Hydroxy Acids
Abstract

A series of novel polyacetylene substituted 2-hydroxy acids and derivatives were prepared and characterized. Alkylation of butane-2,3-diacetal (BDA) protected glycolic acid with iodoalkyl substituted polyacetylene compounds gave the corresponding diacetal protected polyacetylene substituted 2-hydroxy acids. Diacetal deprotection through acid mediated hydrolysis, transesterification or aminolysis afforded the 2-hydroxy-polyacetylenic acid, ester or amide derivatives. Twenty one of these novel compounds were tested against 10 microbes of clinical importance and several of them showed good antimicrobial activity, in particular against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Published
2010

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