Search

Purpose: Only recently have historic concrete buildings received attention and the need for their protection has been understood. Their listing as architectural heritage in most countries is ruled by legislations. The research carried out within the framework of the CONSECH20 JPI project on the conservation of historic concrete buildings in the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Italy and the Netherlands has allowed to study the legislations in the four aforementioned countries and how these are brought to practice. This paper aims at the evaluation of these legislations and of their function in practice. Design/methodology/approach: The legislations have been examined focussing on the protection of historic buildings and the guidelines to achieve a correct technical conservation. These were assessed in practical situations. The situations of the four countries were studied and the parameters used allowed comparisons. Findings: Concrete buildings are at risk and the guidelines should be further developed to meet actual conservation needs, including historical and aesthetical compatibility. The re-use of listed concrete buildings often means transforming and adapting these to a variety of modern needs and norms: the complexity of this assignment asks for a multidisciplinary teamwork. The bottom-up Dutch programme for quality in conservation, striving to bring ethical and technological principles to practice, could be a sound basis for developing respectful conservation strategies of heritage concrete buildings. Research limitations/implications: The research concerns the four countries involved in the CONSECH30 project and could be extended to include more countries. Practical implications: More stakeholders have to be involved in the process of conservation and transformation of heritage concrete buildings. This should be directed by the legislation. Social implications: No direct social implications are foreseen from the outcome of the research. However, the suggestion is, Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Heritage & Architecture

Heritage & Architecture

The ‘Shelter’ is a fantastic example of a circular plastic house with a diameter of 8 m that is somehow comparable to the ‘Futuro’. It was conceived by the Dutch interior architect Kor Aldershoff, who developed a prototype in glass-reinforced polyester (GRP) shells held on a metal frame (1971). This kind of house is unique for the Netherlands and therefore of great importance. The ‘Shelter’ was meant for providing a home for refugees in Africa. The prototype was light and could also float on water. The production of the metal supporting frame was entrusted to the Nederlandse Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij (N.D.S.M.) in Amsterdam-Noord and the GRP parts to the firm Resicon in Medemblik. The hall, living room and one bedroom were arranged around an empty column for the disposal of rainwater., Heritage & Architecture

Deze publicatie is een weerslag van de uitkomsten van het KaDEr-project (Karakteristiek Duurzaam Erfgoed) dat de TU Delft in opdracht van en in samenwerking met de Provincie Gelderland heeft uitgevoerd. De lezer wordt meegenomen in de zoektocht om invulling te geven aan de relatie wetenschap, praktijk en beleid rondom duurzaam erfgoed op verschillende schaalniveaus. Aan de hand van acht bijdragen wordt gereflecteerd op het proces en de uitkomsten. De auteurs gaan in op een thema dat gedurende de afgelopen vier jaar aan de orde is geweest. Ook nemen zij stelling in met betrekking tot het debat dat naar aanleiding van dit thema gevoerd is en in veel gevallen nog verder gevoerd kan worden. Daarnaast hebben we een aantal meer zijdelings betrokkenen gevraagd om stelling te nemen met een uitspraak naar aanleiding van hun ervaringen tijdens het project. Het KaDEr-project omvatte na een intensieve voorbereiding vier kalenderjaren. We denken dat op het onderdelen nog een vervolg behoeft. KaDEr staat dus voor Karakteristiek Duurzaam Erfgoed en in het project is gewerkt aan energetische duurzaamheid, financieel gezond perspectief, functioneel gebruik en het borgen kennis op lange termijn. Het project zelf werd opgebouwd rond vier Living Labs om theorie en praktijk aan elkaar te koppelen:  Living Lab XL-Stad: Zutphen, Winterswijk en Elburg. Daarbij droegen we vanuit KaDEr bij aan een onderzoek naar Kerkenvisies en de Energietransitie voor diverse gemeenten;  Living Lab L-Stad: Landgoederen, waar het Baaksebeek-gebied en Gelders Arcadië centraal stonden en het onderzoek resulteerde in de betreffende Ontwerpatlas;  Living Lab M-Typologie: Kerken. Nationaal en regionaal een opgave die veel aandacht kreeg de afgelopen vier jaar. Specifiek keken wij vanuit KaDEr naar het functioneren van Energiescans en de Financiële Duurzaamheid aan de hand van de Eusebiuskerk in Arnhem en de Stevenskerk in Nijmegen;  Living Lab S-Gebouw: Reuversweerd. Een (bouw)loca, Heritage & Design, Landscape Architecture, Heritage & Technology, Real Estate Management, Climate Design and Sustainability

Historic concrete buildings are at risk. Limited knowledge of concrete technology until the 1960s led to more sensitive buildings than modern concrete buildings. In addition, the lack of sensibility regarding their heritage value and insufficient protection is leading to remorseless demolition. Still, concrete has proved to be a resilient material that can last over a century with proper care. There is not yet an estimation of the status of historic concrete buildings in Europe. Until now, a few attempts have been done to secondarily, and subjectively, gauge their conservation status. This paper is the result of a joint investigation studying forty-eight historic concrete buildings distributed in four countries. They were surveyed by expert teams according to a predefined methodology. The study aims to identify recurrent damages and parameters affecting the conservation state. It also aims to serve as the first trial for an objective and measurable methodology, to apply it with a statistically significant number of cases. Damages related to the corrosion of reinforcement and moisture-related processes were the most recurrent. The use of plasters, flat roofs, and structural façade walls show a positive effect in protecting the concrete. The state of conservation has a great variability across countries., Heritage & Technology

Historic concrete buildings (end of 19th century – 1960s), because of their “experimental” character, require a specific approach to both survey and conservation. Although they were built with empirical approaches, some buildings show a fair state of conservation and resilience –even though they have already exceeded the 100-year threshold– while others of comparable age are in severe need of restoration. As part of the European project CONSECH20, aimed at contributing to the conservation of cultural-heritage concrete buildings, this paper investigates what are the most common types of damage and hypothetical causes, and what direct and non-direct parameters can lead to a faster or slower deterioration of historic concrete in the Netherlands. The research is based on an initial screening study, which will be used as a basis for a larger research among the participant countries. The current research is divided in three phases. Firstly, a selection of 15 case studies from the Netherlands are investigated; the selection was based on criteria of age, state of conservation and type of ownership. Secondly, the history and materials of the buildings are examined. Thirdly, an on-site visual survey is performed per each building, with pre-design templates, to identify types of damage, extent and severity. The data is then analysed combining different factors with a calculated index of severity. Results are discussed and contrasted to provide further clarification of the degradation of historic concrete. A fourth phase, not discussed in this paper, will use this methodology in a broader context, with a larger number of case studies in different countries., Heritage & Technology

In the Netherlands a program for the enhancement of quality in the restoration of monumental buildings is presently carried out, stimulated by national authorities and coordinated by the foundation ERM. Guidelines are issued by the branches involved, from architects to masons, under guidance of an experts’ committee, to perform interventions on monuments and assess them. The aim of this paper is to discuss the contributions to the program offered by different actors active in the field of conservation, the existing synergies and the potential of using a common language and approach. These are needed to facilitate communication and exchange knowledge. The use of the terminology of MDCS (Monument Diagnosis and Conservation System) can help create a community of stakeholders. Sharing the damage terminology and methodology can help achieving a clear and systematic assessment of damage and its causes. It can further improve the communication among all stakeholders, including owners and laymen, stimulating cooperation, and can allow monitoring of damage and interventions., Heritage & Technology

Heritage & Values, Heritage & Technology

Deze publicatie is een weerslag van de uitkomsten van het KaDEr-project (Karakteristiek Duurzaam Erfgoed) dat de TU Delft in opdracht van en in samenwerking met de Provincie Gelderland heeft uitgevoerd. De lezer wordt meegenomen in de zoektocht om invulling te geven aan de relatie wetenschap, praktijk en beleid rondom duurzaam erfgoed op verschillende schaalniveaus. Aan de hand van acht bijdragen wordt gereflecteerd op het proces en de uitkomsten. De auteurs gaan in op een thema dat gedurende de afgelopen vier jaar aan de orde is geweest. Ook nemen zij stelling in met betrekking tot het debat dat naar aanleiding van dit thema gevoerd is en in veel gevallen nog verder gevoerd kan worden. Daarnaast hebben we een aantal meer zijdelings betrokkenen gevraagd om stelling te nemen met een uitspraak naar aanleiding van hun ervaringen tijdens het project. Het KaDEr-project omvatte na een intensieve voorbereiding vier kalenderjaren. We denken dat op het onderdelen nog een vervolg behoeft. KaDEr staat dus voor Karakteristiek Duurzaam Erfgoed en in het project is gewerkt aan energetische duurzaamheid, financieel gezond perspectief, functioneel gebruik en het borgen kennis op lange termijn. Het project zelf werd opgebouwd rond vier Living Labs om theorie en praktijk aan elkaar te koppelen:  Living Lab XL-Stad: Zutphen, Winterswijk en Elburg. Daarbij droegen we vanuit KaDEr bij aan een onderzoek naar Kerkenvisies en de Energietransitie voor diverse gemeenten;  Living Lab L-Stad: Landgoederen, waar het Baaksebeek-gebied en Gelders Arcadië centraal stonden en het onderzoek resulteerde in de betreffende Ontwerpatlas;  Living Lab M-Typologie: Kerken. Nationaal en regionaal een opgave die veel aandacht kreeg de afgelopen vier jaar. Specifiek keken wij vanuit KaDEr naar het functioneren van Energiescans en de Financiële Duurzaamheid aan de hand van de Eusebiuskerk in Arnhem en de Stevenskerk in Nijmegen;  Living Lab S-Gebouw: Reuversweerd. Een (bouw)loca, Heritage & Design, Landscape Architecture, Heritage & Technology, Real Estate Management, Climate Design and Sustainability

Historic concrete buildings (end of 19th century – 1960s), because of their “experimental” character, require a specific approach to both survey and conservation. Although they were built with empirical approaches, some buildings show a fair state of conservation and resilience –even though they have already exceeded the 100-year threshold– while others of comparable age are in severe need of restoration. As part of the European project CONSECH20, aimed at contributing to the conservation of cultural-heritage concrete buildings, this paper investigates what are the most common types of damage and hypothetical causes, and what direct and non-direct parameters can lead to a faster or slower deterioration of historic concrete in the Netherlands. The research is based on an initial screening study, which will be used as a basis for a larger research among the participant countries. The current research is divided in three phases. Firstly, a selection of 15 case studies from the Netherlands are investigated; the selection was based on criteria of age, state of conservation and type of ownership. Secondly, the history and materials of the buildings are examined. Thirdly, an on-site visual survey is performed per each building, with pre-design templates, to identify types of damage, extent and severity. The data is then analysed combining different factors with a calculated index of severity. Results are discussed and contrasted to provide further clarification of the degradation of historic concrete. A fourth phase, not discussed in this paper, will use this methodology in a broader context, with a larger number of case studies in different countries., Heritage & Technology

In the Netherlands a program for the enhancement of quality in the restoration of monumental buildings is presently carried out, stimulated by national authorities and coordinated by the foundation ERM. Guidelines are issued by the branches involved, from architects to masons, under guidance of an experts’ committee, to perform interventions on monuments and assess them. The aim of this paper is to discuss the contributions to the program offered by different actors active in the field of conservation, the existing synergies and the potential of using a common language and approach. These are needed to facilitate communication and exchange knowledge. The use of the terminology of MDCS (Monument Diagnosis and Conservation System) can help create a community of stakeholders. Sharing the damage terminology and methodology can help achieving a clear and systematic assessment of damage and its causes. It can further improve the communication among all stakeholders, including owners and laymen, stimulating cooperation, and can allow monitoring of damage and interventions., Heritage & Technology

Historic concrete buildings are at risk. Limited knowledge of concrete technology until the 1960s led to more sensitive buildings than modern concrete buildings. In addition, the lack of sensibility regarding their heritage value and insufficient protection is leading to remorseless demolition. Still, concrete has proved to be a resilient material that can last over a century with proper care. There is not yet an estimation of the status of historic concrete buildings in Europe. Until now, a few attempts have been done to secondarily, and subjectively, gauge their conservation status. This paper is the result of a joint investigation studying forty-eight historic concrete buildings distributed in four countries. They were surveyed by expert teams according to a predefined methodology. The study aims to identify recurrent damages and parameters affecting the conservation state. It also aims to serve as the first trial for an objective and measurable methodology, to apply it with a statistically significant number of cases. Damages related to the corrosion of reinforcement and moisture-related processes were the most recurrent. The use of plasters, flat roofs, and structural façade walls show a positive effect in protecting the concrete. The state of conservation has a great variability across countries., Heritage & Technology

Heritage & Values, Heritage & Technology

Oude gebouwen, zelfs eenvoudige constructies, kunnen tot de categorie 'Monumenten' behoren, als ‘gedenkteken’ van het verleden. Hun historische waarde kan betrekking op de architectuur hebben (oorspronkelijke staat, veranderingen die een tijdgeest vertegenwoordigen), maar ook op de gebruikte materialen en bouwtechnieken. Geslaagde restauraties en projecten van hergebruik van bestaande gebouwen zijn dan ook gebaseerd op een grondig historisch en technisch onderzoek. ‘Ken je verleden, om dat goed te kunnen conserveren, en behoud je verleden, om kennis te bewaren’ (Torsello 1998). Elke interventie in het bestaande dient goed gedocumenteerd en beargumenteerd te worden. Informatie omtrent de oorspronkelijke kenmerken van het object kan aan verschillende bronnen worden ontleend, van sporen en resten van de afwerking zelf, tot bouwbestekken en visuele documentatie, zoals schilderijen. In deze bijdrage zullen verschillende vormen van afwerkingen worden besproken, in historisch perspectief, met aandacht voor hun aanzien en technisch gebruik in Nederland. Ook problemen van conservering komen aan de orde., Heritage & Technology

Oude gebouwen, zelfs eenvoudige constructies, kunnen tot de categorie 'Monumenten' behoren, als ‘gedenkteken’ van het verleden. Hun historische waarde kan betrekking op de architectuur hebben (oorspronkelijke staat, veranderingen die een tijdgeest vertegenwoordigen), maar ook op de gebruikte materialen en bouwtechnieken. Geslaagde restauraties en projecten van hergebruik van bestaande gebouwen zijn dan ook gebaseerd op een grondig historisch en technisch onderzoek. ‘Ken je verleden, om dat goed te kunnen conserveren, en behoud je verleden, om kennis te bewaren’ (Torsello 1998). Elke interventie in het bestaande dient goed gedocumenteerd en beargumenteerd te worden. Informatie omtrent de oorspronkelijke kenmerken van het object kan aan verschillende bronnen worden ontleend, van sporen en resten van de afwerking zelf, tot bouwbestekken en visuele documentatie, zoals schilderijen. In deze bijdrage zullen verschillende vormen van afwerkingen worden besproken, in historisch perspectief, met aandacht voor hun aanzien en technisch gebruik in Nederland. Ook problemen van conservering komen aan de orde., Heritage & Technology

In heritage conservation, a gap is often observed between the theory of conservation as a durable process that aims at the preservation of a historic building and the practice of restoration as a single intervention that aims at a fast and convincing result. This paper describes the proposed approach for the conservation of the main façade of the Shoemakers Chapel (in Dutch: Schoenmakerskapel) in Antwerp (Belgium), a listed monument since 1976. It serves as an example of how to develop a durable and realistic approach for the conservation of a sixteenth century façade. The basis for the conservation approach is the understanding that each intervention should take the stratified significance of the historic façade into account. In this paper, it will be shown how to combine a study of the façade from a technical point of view with an analysis of the façade as a carrier of cultural significance.

Architectural Engineering and Technology, Architecture and The Built Environment

Architectural Engineering and Technology, Architecture and The Built Environment

In heritage conservation, a gap is often observed between the theory of conservation as a durable process that aims at the preservation of a historic building and the practice of restoration as a single intervention that aims at a fast and convincing result. This paper describes the proposed approach for the conservation of the main façade of the Shoemakers Chapel (in Dutch: Schoenmakerskapel) in Antwerp (Belgium), a listed monument since 1976. It serves as an example of how to develop a durable and realistic approach for the conservation of a sixteenth century façade. The basis for the conservation approach is the understanding that each intervention should take the stratified significance of the historic façade into account. In this paper, it will be shown how to combine a study of the façade from a technical point of view with an analysis of the façade as a carrier of cultural significance.

Age and ageing can be felt as negative occurrences. For monuments however, old age is traditionally considered to be a positive quality. Without a certain age the nomination of monument hardly applies. Ageing can be seen as the work of time, which has always been valued: ageing was sometimes even artificially induced in the past. In this paper we will discuss the meaning of ageing in monumental buildings. The fact that in the case of interventions in monuments a perpetual service life is strived for, but restoration ethics clearly put limitations on what can be done, can lead to dilemmas and can make it difficult to take decisions. Cases will be discussed to derive at some criteria to base interventions upon, seeking a balance between mere preventive conservation and rejuvenating practices., Architecture and the Built Environment

The section Heritage & Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture at Delft University of Technology deals with the built environment in terms of conservation, refurbishment and re-use. Reflecting the department philosophy, this book focuses on the durability and sustainability of existing buildings (heritage in a broad sense, from historic buildings to listed monuments), considered in terms of material and building techniques, form and function, and part of the wider context of sites and cities. At the basis stands the Heritage triangle: Design – Cultural value – Technology, Architecture Engineering and Technology, Architecture and The Built Environment

Age and ageing can be felt as negative occurrences. For monuments however, old age is traditionally considered to be a positive quality. Without a certain age the nomination of monument hardly applies. Ageing can be seen as the work of time, which has always been valued: ageing was sometimes even artificially induced in the past. In this paper we will discuss the meaning of ageing in monumental buildings. The fact that in the case of interventions in monuments a perpetual service life is strived for, but restoration ethics clearly put limitations on what can be done, can lead to dilemmas and can make it difficult to take decisions. Cases will be discussed to derive at some criteria to base interventions upon, seeking a balance between mere preventive conservation and rejuvenating practices., Architecture and the Built Environment

The section Heritage & Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture at Delft University of Technology deals with the built environment in terms of conservation, refurbishment and re-use. Reflecting the department philosophy, this book focuses on the durability and sustainability of existing buildings (heritage in a broad sense, from historic buildings to listed monuments), considered in terms of material and building techniques, form and function, and part of the wider context of sites and cities. At the basis stands the Heritage triangle: Design – Cultural value – Technology, Architecture Engineering and Technology, Architecture and The Built Environment