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4. ECS1 and ECS2 suppress polyspermy and the formation of haploid plants by promoting double fertilization

Author

Mao, Yanbo, Nakel, Thomas, Serbes, Isil Erbasol, Joshi, Saurabh, Tekleyohans, Dawit G., Baum, Thomas, Groß-Hardt, Rita, Mao, Yanbo, Nakel, Thomas, Serbes, Isil Erbasol, Joshi, Saurabh, Tekleyohans, Dawit G., Baum, Thomas, and Groß-Hardt, Rita

Abstract

The current pace of crop plant optimization is insufficient to meet future demands and there is an urgent need for novel breeding strategies. It was previously shown that plants tolerate the generation of triparental polyspermy-derived plants and that polyspermy can bypass hybridiza-tion barriers. Polyspermy thus has the potential to harness previously incompatible climate-adapted wild varieties for plant breeding. However, factors that influence polyspermy frequencies were not previously known. The endopeptidases ECS1 and ECS2 have been reported to prevent the attraction of supernumerary pollen tubes by cleaving the pollen tube attractant LURE1. Here, we show that these genes have an earlier function that is manifested by incomplete double fertilization in plants defective for both genes. In addition to supernumerary pollen tube attraction, ecs1 ecs2 mutants exhibit a delay in synergid disintegration, are susceptible to heterofertilization, and segre-gate haploid plants that lack a paternal genome contribution. Our results thus uncover ECS1 and ECS2 as the first female factors triggering the induction of maternal haploids. Capitalizing on a high-throughput polyspermy assay, we in addition show that the double mutant exhibits an increase in polyspermy frequencies. As both haploid induction and polyspermy are valuable breeding aims, our results open new avenues for accelerated generation of climate-adapted cultivars.

Published
2023

5. ECS1 and ECS2 suppress polyspermy and the formation of haploid plants by promoting double fertilization.

Author

Yanbo Mao, Nakel, Thomas, Serbes, Isil Erbasol, Joshi, Saurabh, Tekleyohans, Dawit G., Baum, Thomas, and Groß-Hardt, Rita

Subjects
*HAPLOIDY, *POLLEN tube, *PLANT fertilization, *CULTIVARS, *PLANT breeding, *PLANT hybridization
Abstract

The current pace of crop plant optimization is insufficient to meet future demands and there is an urgent need for novel breeding strategies. It was previously shown that plants tolerate the generation of triparental polyspermy-derived plants and that polyspermy can bypass hybridization barriers. Polyspermy thus has the potential to harness previously incompatible climate-adapted wild varieties for plant breeding. However, factors that influence polyspermy frequencies were not previously known. The endopeptidases ECS1 and ECS2 have been reported to prevent the attraction of supernumerary pollen tubes by cleaving the pollen tube attractant LURE1. Here, we show that these genes have an earlier function that is manifested by incomplete double fertilization in plants defective for both genes. In addition to supernumerary pollen tube attraction, ecs1 ecs2 mutants exhibit a delay in synergid disintegration, are susceptible to heterofertilization, and segregate haploid plants that lack a paternal genome contribution. Our results thus uncover ECS1 and ECS2 as the first female factors triggering the induction of maternal haploids. Capitalizing on a high-throughput polyspermy assay, we in addition show that the double mutant exhibits an increase in polyspermy frequencies. As both haploid induction and polyspermy are valuable breeding aims, our results open new avenues for accelerated generation of climate-adapted cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Identification of Ostruthin from Peucedanum ostruthium Rhizomes as an Inhibitor of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

Author

Joa, Helge, primary, Vogl, Sylvia, additional, Atanasov, Atanas G., additional, Zehl, Martin, additional, Nakel, Thomas, additional, Fakhrudin, Nanang, additional, Heiss, Elke H., additional, Picker, Paolo, additional, Urban, Ernst, additional, Wawrosch, Christoph, additional, Saukel, Johannes, additional, Reznicek, Gottfried, additional, Kopp, Brigitte, additional, and Dirsch, Verena M., additional

Published
2011
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15. Identification of Ostruthin from Peucedanum ostruthiumRhizomes as an Inhibitor of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

Author

Joa, Helge, Vogl, Sylvia, Atanasov, Atanas G., Zehl, Martin, Nakel, Thomas, Fakhrudin, Nanang, Heiss, Elke H., Picker, Paolo, Urban, Ernst, Wawrosch, Christoph, Saukel, Johannes, Reznicek, Gottfried, Kopp, Brigitte, and Dirsch, Verena M.

Abstract

Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is of substantial interest in combating cardiovascular disease. A dichloromethane extract from the rhizomes of Peucedanum ostruthium, a traditionally used Austrian medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory properties, was examined for a putative antiproliferative activity in rat aortic VSMC. This extract inhibited serum (10%)-induced VSMC proliferation concentration dependently. Further identification and biological testing of its major constituents revealed that the coumarin ostruthin (7) is the major antiproliferative substance. In summary, a new bioactivity of P. ostruthiumrhizomes is described, and 7has been identified as the responsible compound.

Published
2011
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