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Tomoko Suzuki,1 Koji Wada,1,2 Michiko Nakazato,3 Toshiyuki Ohtani,4 Michiko Yamazaki,2 Shunya Ikeda1,2 1Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan; 2Department of Social Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan; 4Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, JapanCorrespondence: Tomoko Suzuki, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan, Tel +81-476-20-7701, Fax +81-476- 28-1188, Email tsuzuki7@iuhw.ac.jp; tsuzuki2992@gmail.comPurpose: Most previous studies that described associations between adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sociodemographic characteristics were focused on individuals diagnosed with ADHD, and few studies investigated ADHD traits in the general population. Additionally, some workers, who experienced no problems while at university and successfully graduated from university, developed ADHD traits after finding employment. This study described associations between ADHD traits and sociodemographic characteristics among Japanese workers who were university graduates.Patients and Methods: Participants were randomly selected workers (n=1240) from across Japan who completed a self-administered online survey. ADHD traits were measured using an adult ADHD Self-report Scale, with scoring rules applied to reflect the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics including sex, age, socioeconomic status, working time, and health-related behaviors. We performed partial correlation analysis to estimate trend associations and used analysis of covariance to compare adjusted averages. This model was adjusted for all variables.Results: Males had higher levels of ADHD traits than females (p = 0.001), and younger age was associated with higher levels of ADHD traits (p < 0.001). Workers with low incomes had higher levels of ADHD traits than workers with high incomes (p = 0.009). More frequent consumption of midnight meals was associated with higher levels of ADHD traits (p < 0.001), although there were no differences for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Those who did not get enough rest from sleep had higher levels of ADHD traits (p = 0.007).Conclusion: Results for high levels of ADHD traits among workers were consistent with previous studies for adults diagnosed with ADHD, even though all participants had successfully graduated from university. Assessment of these ADHD traits may support prevention of health deterioration related to these ADHD traits.Keywords: ADHD traits, eating habits, income, lifestyle habits, sleep, socioeconomic status

Michi Ogawa,1 Tasuku Hashimoto,1,2 Mami Tanaka,3 Masumi Tachibana,1 Ryota Seki,1 Aiko Sato,4 Jun Okayama,5 Mamiko Endo,6 Naoki Saito,7 Yasunori Sato,8 Hiroyuki Watanabe,9,10 Michiko Nakazato,1,11 Emi Mori,12 Makio Shozu,13 Masaomi Iyo1 1Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 2Department of Psychiatry, Satsuki-kai Sodegaura-Satsukidai Hospital, Chiba, Japan; 3Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 4Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; 5Department of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; 6Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 7Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 8Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; 9Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 10Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan; 11Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan; 12Department of Health Promotion Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 13Department of Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, JapanCorrespondence: Tasuku HashimotoDepartment of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, JapanTel +81-43-226-2148Fax +81-43-226-2150Email t-hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jpBackground: Pregnant and postpartum women with psychosocial problems are prone to face limited or absent perinatal functional support from biological grandmothers due to familial dysfunction. The study aimed to investigate whether the involvement and presence of biological maternal grandmothers providing practical support for their pre/postnatal daughters (ie, pregnant women) during the perinatal period may influence the number of support services provided by multidisciplinary agencies, including child consultation centers and municipal offices.Participants and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study based on the medical records of all pregnant women with psychosocial problems that visited, gave birth, and received intervention from the hospital-based child protection unit at the Chiba University Hospital between February 2018 to March 2019. The primary outcome was to identify whether there was a difference in the number of multidisciplinary agencies providing perinatal support between pregnant women with and without the presence of functional support from biological maternal grandmothers during the perinatal period.Results: We identified 114 pregnant and postpartum women with psychosocial problems. Seventy-six of these participants (66.7%) had functional support from their biological maternal grandmothers during the perinatal period, and 38 participants (33.3%) did not. The number of agencies involved with participants who lacked functional support was significantly higher than participants with functional support (t(55.14) = 2.98, p < 0.01). This finding was consistent among pregnant and postpartum primipara participants (n = 70) (t(68) = 3.87, p < 0.001), but not multipara (n = 44).Conclusion: The findings indicate that the presence and functional support of biological maternal grandmothers influence the support that is needed from multidisciplinary perinatal support systems by pregnant and postpartum women with psychosocial problems. Primipara mothers without support from their own mothers may need greater multidisciplinary support.Keywords: child maltreatment, grandmother, perinatal, postpartum, pregnancy, psychosocial

Tomoko Okuda,1,2 Kenichi Asano,1,3 Noriko Numata,4 Yoshiyuki Hirano,1,3 Tetsuya Yamamoto,5 Mari Tanaka,4 Daisuke Matsuzawa,4 Eiji Shimizu,1,3,4 Masaomi Iyo,5,6 Michiko Nakazato1,3,6 1Division of Cognitive Behavioral Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 2Department of Psychiatry, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Narashino, 3Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, 4Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 5Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, 6Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Background: Set-shifting (SS) difficulties and weak central coherence (CC) are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) aims to improve such cognitive processing; however, there are no reports on CRT for patients with ASD. This pilot study aimed to provide preliminary evidence to support the use of CRT for individuals with ASD and provide data to inform future studies.Participants and methods: Nineteen individuals with ASD were recruited and administered a series of neuropsychological and questionnaire measures to examine cognitive function and clinical outcomes such as anxiety and depression. Participants received CRT, and cognitive function and clinical variables were re-evaluated at postintervention and after 3 months.Results: The participants demonstrated significant improvement in CC and anxiety at postintervention, which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. Although SS scores had improved with a large effect size, this was not statistically significant.Conclusion: CRT improved CC and anxiety scores for individuals with ASD, suggesting that CRT is an effective treatment for individuals with ASD. Keywords: autism spectrum disorders, cognitive remediation therapy, cognitive flexibility, central coherence