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1. Fingerprints of Mott and Slater gaps in the core-level photoemission spectra of antiferromagnetic iridates

Author

Nakagawa, K., Hariki, A., Okauchi, T., Fujiwara, H., Ahn, K. -H., Murakami, Y., Hamamoto, S., Kanai-Nakata, Y., Kadono, T., Higashiya, A., Tamasaku, K., Yabashi, M., Ishikawa, T., Sekiyama, A., Imada, S., Kuneš, J., Takase, K., and Yamasaki, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We present Ir $4f$ core-level hard-x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) experiments conducted across antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering transition in Ruddlesden-Popper iridates Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ and Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$. The Ir $4f$ spectra exhibit distinct changes between the AFM and paramagnetic (PM) phases, with the spectral difference $I_\text{PM}-I_\text{AFM}$ showing a contrasting behavior in the two compounds. By employing computational simulations using the local-density approximation combined with the dynamical mean-field theory method, we elucidate that $I_\text{PM}-I_\text{AFM}$ primary reflects the Slater or Mott-Hubbard character of the AFM insulating state rather than material specific details. This sensitivity to fine low-energy electronic structure arises from the dependence of charge-transfer responses to the sudden creation of a localized core hole on both metal-insulator transitions and long-range AFM ordering. Our result broadens the applications of core-level HAXPES as a tool for characterization of electronic structure., Comment: Main: 7 pages, 3 figures ; SM: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

2. Changes in Function and Dynamics in Hepatic and Splenic Macrophages in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author

Fukushima H, Kono H, Hirayama K, Akazawa Y, Nakata Y, Wakana H, and Fujii H

Subjects
tissue macrophage, nash, nafld, m1-type macrophage, bone marrow transplantation, egfp mouse, stam mouse, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Hisataka Fukushima,1 Hiroshi Kono,1 Kazuyoshi Hirayama,1 Yoshihiro Akazawa,1 Yuuki Nakata,1 Hiroyuki Wakana,1 Hideki Fujii1,2 1First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; 2Department of Surgery, Kofu Municipal Hospital, Yamanashi, JapanCorrespondence: Hiroshi Kono Email hkouno@yamanashi.ac.jpBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the populations and functions of hepatic and splenic macrophages (Mfs) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Materials and Methods: Experiment 1: Wild-type and STAM® mice were given chow or high-fat diets for designated periods. In isolated Mfs, phagocytosis and cytokine production were assessed. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 and F4/80 and expression of CD14 and CD16 were assessed. Experiment 2: Bone marrow cells harvested from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mice were transplanted into wild-type mice with or without splenectomy after total body irradiation that was kept on methionine- and choline-deficient diets.Results: Experiment 1: The number of CD68-positive cells and the percentage of F4/80-positive/CD68-positive cells increased with the progression of NAFLD. Production of TNF-α and IL-6 by hepatic Mfs was greater than that by splenic Mfs in mice with NASH. The number of CD14+CD16− Mfs increased in the spleen and decreased in the liver in animals that had progressed to NASH. Furthermore, the number of CD14+CD16+ hepatic Mfs was increased in animals that had progressed to NASH with fibrosis. Experiment 2: EGFP-positive cells were observed in the liver after transplantation. In the splenectomy group, EGFP-positive Mfs were also observed; however, the number was significantly less than that in the sham operation group.Conclusion: The populations and functions of hepatic and splenic Mfs are altered during the progression of NAFLD. In addition, increased hepatic Mfs during the progression of NAFLD may migrate from bone marrow to the liver via the spleen.Keywords: tissue macrophage, NASH, NAFLD, M1-type macrophage, bone marrow transplantation, EGFP mouse, STAM mouse

Published
2020

3. Randomized trial of amino acid mixture combined with physical activity promotion for abdominal fat reduction in overweight adults

Author

Ueda K, Sasai H, Tsujimoto T, Sanbongi C, Ikegami S, Kobayashi H, Shioya N, Suzuki S, and Nakata Y

Subjects
Amino acid supplementation, physical activity promotion, abdominal fat, randomized controlled trial, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Keisuke Ueda,1,2 Hiroyuki Sasai,3 Takehiko Tsujimoto,4 Chiaki Sanbongi,1 Shuji Ikegami,1 Hiroyuki Kobayashi,5 Nobuhiko Shioya,6 Satoru Suzuki,7 Yoshio Nakata5 1Food Science and Technology Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd, Hachiouji, 2Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 4Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 5Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 6KSO Corporation, Tokyo, 7Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care Clinic, Tokyo, Japan Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of arginine, alanine, and phenylalanine mixture (A-mix) ingestion at 1,500 mg/day in combination with the promotion of physical activity for abdominal fat reduction in overweight adults.Methods: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial for 12 weeks combined with a 4-week follow-up period was conducted at a single center in Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, between December 2016 and May 2017. Data were analyzed between June and August 2017. The study participants were 200 overweight adults within the age range of 20–64 years. The participants were randomly assigned to the A-mix group (n=100) or a placebo group (n=100) and were administered 500 mL of test beverage containing 1,500 or 0 mg of A-mix, respectively, for 12 weeks. All participants maintained a physically active lifestyle between week 0 and week 12 through monthly sessions of physical activity. The primary outcomes were the 12-week changes in the abdominal total, subcutaneous, and visceral fat areas, as assessed by computed tomography.Results: Of the 200 enrolled participants, 199 (99%) accomplished the 12-week intervention and 4-week follow-up period. The per-protocol-based analysis for 194 participants demonstrated that the abdominal total fat area decreased significantly in the A-mix group compared with that in the placebo group (difference, 10.0 cm2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4–19.6 cm2; P=0.041). Comparable outcomes were obtained for the abdominal subcutaneous fat area (difference, 7.4 cm2; 95% CI: 0.1–14.7 cm2; P=0.047). No study-related unfavorable events occurred.Conclusion: A-mix supplementation in combination with physical activity promotion facilitated abdominal fat reduction in overweight adults. Keywords: amino acid supplementation, physical activity promotion, abdominal fat, randomized controlled trial

Published
2018

4. Dose-ranging pilot randomized trial of amino acid mixture combined with physical activity promotion for reducing abdominal fat in overweight adults

Author

Sasai H, Ueda K, Tsujimoto T, Kobayashi H, Sanbongi C, Ikegami S, and Nakata Y

Subjects
Amino acid mixture, dose-response relationship, physical activity promotion, abdominal fat, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Hiroyuki Sasai,1–3,* Keisuke Ueda,4,5,* Takehiko Tsujimoto,6,7 Hiroyuki Kobayashi,1 Chiaki Sanbongi,4 Shuji Ikegami,4 Yoshio Nakata1 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 3Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 4Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa, 5Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, 6Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 7Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effective dose of an amino acid mixture comprising arginine, alanine, and phenylalanine combined with physical activity promotion in reducing abdominal fat among overweight adults.Methods: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, pilot trial was conducted in Mito, Japan, from January through April 2016, and the data were analyzed from May through November 2016. The study participants were 35 overweight adults, aged 20–64 years, with no regular exercise habit. Participants were randomly assigned to high-dose (3,000 mg/d, n=9), medium-dose (1,500 mg/d, n=9), low-dose (750 mg/d, n=8), or placebo (0 mg/d, n=9) groups, and the test beverage containing the amino acid mixture or placebo was administered for 12 weeks. All participants maintained a physically active lifestyle during the study period through monthly physical activity promotion sessions and smartphone-based self-monitoring with wearable trackers. Primary outcomes were changes in abdominal total, subcutaneous, and visceral fat areas, assessed by computed tomography.Results: Of the 35 enrolled participants, 32 completed the 12-week follow-up visit. The intention-to-treat analysis revealed that the changes in abdominal total fat area were −14.6 cm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], −39.6 cm2 to 10.4 cm2), −25.3 cm2 (95% CI, −71.0 cm2 to 20.3 cm2), −23.2 cm2 (95% CI, −48.0 cm2 to 1.6 cm2), and −12.5 cm2 (95% CI, −29.1 cm2 to 4.0 cm2) in the high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose, and placebo groups, respectively. Similar results were obtained for visceral and subcutaneous fat areas. No study-related adverse events were reported.Conclusion: Compared with placebo, a medium or low dose of the amino acid mixture may facilitate abdominal fat reduction among overweight adults. A larger randomized trial with sufficient statistical power should be implemented to validate the effectiveness of this supplement. Keywords: amino acid mixture, dose–response relationship, physical activity promotion, abdominal fat

Published
2017

5. Impact of the ground-state $4f$ symmetry for anisotropic $cf$-hybridization in the heavy fermion superconductor CeNi$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$

Author

Fujiwara, H., Nakatani, Y., Aratani, H., Kanai-Nakata, Y., Yamagami, K., Hamamoto, S., Kiss, T., Yamasaki, A., Higashiya, A., Imada, S., Tanaka, A., Tamasaku, K., Yabashi, M., Ishikawa, T., Yasui, A., Yamagami, H., Miyawaki, J., Miyake, A., Ebihara, T., Saitoh, Y., and Sekiyama, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We report the ground-state symmetry of the Ce $4f$ states in the heavy fermion superconductor CeNi$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$, yielding anisotropic $cf$-hybridization between the Ce $4f$ states and conducting electrons. By analyzing linear dichroism in soft x-ray absorption and core-level hard x-ray photoemission spectra, the $4f$ symmetry is determined as $\Sigma$-type $\Gamma_{7}$, promoting predominant hybridization with the conducting electrons originating from the Ge site. The band structures probed by the soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission indicates that the Ge $4p$ components contribute to the band renormalization through the anisotropic hybridization effects, suggesting that the control of the electronic structures of Ge orbital gives an impact to achieve the exotic phenomena in CeNi$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$.

Published
2023

6. Unusual band evolution and persistence of topological surface states in high-T_C magnetic topological insulator

Author

Hori, K., Souma, S., Chuang, C. -W., Nakata, Y., Nakayama, K., Gupta, S., Nguyen, T. P. T., Yamauchi, K., Takahashi, T., Matsukura, F., Chang, F. H., Lin, H. J., Chen, C. T., Chainani, A., and Sato, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Understanding the mechanism of ferromagnetism in ferromagnetic topological insulators (TIs) is a key to realize exotic time-reversal-symmetry-broken quantum phases. However, electronic states relevant to the ferromagnetism are highly controversial. Here we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on (CrxSb1-x)2Te3 thin films, high-Curie-temperature (T_C) ferromagnetic TIs, spanning the non-doped (T_C=0 K) to highly-doped (T_C=192 K) region. We found that, upon Cr doping to Sb2Te3, the bulk valence-band valley exhibits filling-in behavior while retaining band inversion, leading to the formation of a nearly-flat band in high-T_C regime and evolution from a six-petal flower to a Star-of-David Fermi surface. Despite the weakening of spin-orbit coupling with Cr doping, the Dirac-cone state persists up to the highest-T_C sample, and shows a clear magnetic-gap opening below TC accompanied with an unexpected band shift, signifying its strong coupling with spontaneous ferromagnetism. The present result lays the foundation for understanding the interplay between band topology and ferromagnetism in TIs., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Published
2023

7. Bulk superconductivity in Pb-substituted BiS$_{\bf 2}$-based compounds studied by hard-x-ray spectroscopy

Author

Yamasaki, A., Oguni, T., Hayashida, T., Miyazaki, K., Tanaka, N., Nakagawa, K., Tamura, K., Mimura, K., Kawamura, N., Fujiwara, H., Nozue, G., Ose, A., Kanai-Nakata, Y., Higashiya, A., Hamamoto, S., Tamasaku, K., Yabashi, M., Ishikawa, T., Imada, S., Sekiyama, A., Sakata, H., and Demura, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

In this study, we investigate the bulk electronic structure of Pb-substituted LaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_2$ single crystals, using two types of hard-x-ray spectroscopy. High-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed a spectral change at low temperatures. Using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we find that the temperature-induced change originates from a structural phase transition, similar to the pressure-induced transition in LaO$_{0.5}$F$_{0.5}$BiS$_2$. This finding suggests that the mechanism of bulk superconductivity induced by Pb substitution is the same as that under high pressure. Furthermore, a novel low-valence state with a mixture of divalent and trivalent Bi ions is discovered using hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy with the aid of DFT calculations., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2023
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8. Site-controlled quantum dots fabricated using an atomic-force microscope assisted technique

Author

Sakuma Y, Kawabe M, Okada Y, Song HZ, Usuki T, Ohshima T, Takemoto K, Miyazawa T, Hirose S, Nakata Y, Takatsu M, and Yokoyama N

Subjects
Quantum dot, Site-Control, Atomic-force microscope, Local oxidation, Quantum computer, Quantum communication, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

AbstractAn atomic-force microscope assisted technique is developed to control the position and size of self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Presently, the site precision is as good as ± 1.5 nm and the size fluctuation is within ± 5% with the minimum controllable lateral diameter of 20 nm. With the ability of producing tightly packed and differently sized QDs, sophisticated QD arrays can be controllably fabricated for the application in quantum computing. The optical quality of such site-controlled QDs is found comparable to some conventionally self-assembled semiconductor QDs. The single dot photoluminescence of site-controlled InAs/InP QDs is studied in detail, presenting the prospect to utilize them in quantum communication as precisely controlled single photon emitters working at telecommunication bands.

Published
2006
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9. Implosion and heating experiments of fast ignition targets by Gekko-XII and LFEX lasers

Author

Shiraga H., Fujioka S., Nakai M., Watari T., Nakamura H., Arikawa Y., Hosoda H., Nagai T., Koga M., Kikuchi H., Ishii Y., Sogo T., Shigemori K., Nishimura H., Zhang Z., Tanabe M., Ohira S., Fujii Y., Namimoto T., Sakawa Y., Maegawa O., Ozaki T., Tanaka K.A., Habara H., Iwawaki T., Shimada K., Key M., Norreys P., Pasley J., Nagatomo H., Johzaki T., Sunahara A., Murakami M., Sakagami H., Taguchi T., Norimatsu T., Homma H., Fujimoto Y., Iwamoto A., Miyanaga N., Kawanaka J., Kanabe T., Jitsuno T., Nakata Y., Tsubakimoto K., Sueda K., Kodama R., Kondo K., Morio N., Matsuo S., Kawasaki T., Sawai K., Tsuji K., Murakami H., Sarukura N., Shimizu T., Mima K., and Azechi H.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The FIREX-1 project, the goal of which is to demonstrate fuel heating up to 5 keV by fast ignition scheme, has been carried out since 2003 including construction and tuning of LFEX laser and integrated experiments. Implosion and heating experiment of Fast Ignition targets have been performed since 2009 with Gekko-XII and LFEX lasers. A deuterated polystyrene shell target was imploded with the 0.53- μm Gekko-XII, and the 1.053- μm beam of the LFEX laser was injected through a gold cone attached to the shell to generate hot electrons to heat the imploded fuel plasma. Pulse contrast ratio of the LFEX beam was significantly improved. Also a variety of plasma diagnostic instruments were developed to be compatible with harsh environment of intense hard x-rays (γ rays) and electromagnetic pulses due to the intense LFEX beam on the target. Large background signals around the DD neutron signal in time-of-flight record of neutron detector were found to consist of neutrons via (γ,n) reactions and scattered gamma rays. Enhanced neutron yield was confirmed by carefully eliminating such backgrounds. Neutron enhancement up to 3.5 × 107 was observed. Heating efficiency was estimated to be 10–20% assuming a uniform temperature rise model.

Published
2013
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11. Dimensionality reduction and band quantization induced by potassium intercalation in 1$T$-HfTe$_2$

Author

Nakata, Y., Sugawara, K., Chainani, A., Yamauchi, K., Nakayama, K., Souma, S., Chuang, P. -Y., Cheng, C. -M., Oguchi, T., Ueno, K., Takahashi, T., and Sato, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on transition-metal dichalcogenide 1$T$-HfTe$_2$ to elucidate the evolution of electronic states upon potassium (K) deposition. In pristine HfTe$_2$, an in-plane hole pocket and electron pockets are observed at the Brillouin-zone center and corner, respectively, indicating the semimetallic nature of bulk HfTe$_2$, with dispersion perpendicular to the plane. In contrast, the band structure of heavily K-dosed HfTe$_2$ is obviously different from that of bulk, and resembles the band structure calculated for monolayer HfTe$_2$. It was also observed that lightly K-dosed HfTe$_2$ is characterized by quantized bands originating from bilayer and trilayer HfTe$_2$, indicative of staging. The results suggest that the dimensionality-crossover from 3D (dimensional) to 2D electronic states due to systematic K intercalation takes place via staging in a single sample. The study provides a new strategy for controlling the dimensionality and functionality of novel quantum materials., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019
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12. Helicity-Changing Brillouin Light Scattering by Magnons in a Ferromagnetic Crystal

Author

Hisatomi, R., Noguchi, A., Yamazaki, R., Nakata, Y., Gloppe, A., Nakamura, Y., and Usami, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Brillouin light scattering in ferromagnetic materials usually involves one magnon and two photons and their total angular momentum is conserved. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the presence of a helicity-changing two-magnon Brillouin light scattering in a ferromagetic crystal, which can be viewed as a four-wave mixing process involving two magnons and two photons. Moreover, we observe an unconventional helicity-changing one-magnon Brillouin light scattering, which apparently infringes the conservation law of the angular momentum. We show that the crystal angular momentum intervenes to compensate the missing angular momentum in the latter scattering process., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures

Published
2019
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13. Indication of exchange interaction induced spin splitting in unoccupied electronic states of the high- TC ferromagnet ( Cr0.35Sb0.65)2Te3

Author

Chuang, C. W., primary, Nakata, Y., additional, Hori, K., additional, Gupta, S., additional, de Groot, F. M. F., additional, Fujimori, A., additional, Nguyen, T. P. T., additional, Yamauchi, K., additional, Rajput, I., additional, Lakhani, A., additional, Chang, F.-H., additional, Lin, H.-J., additional, Chen, C.-T., additional, Matsukura, F., additional, Souma, S., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Sato, T., additional, and Chainani, A., additional

Published
2024
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16. Bulk superconductivity in Pb-substituted BiS2 -based compounds studied by hard x-ray spectroscopy

Author

Yamasaki, A., primary, Oguni, T., additional, Hayashida, T., additional, Miyazaki, K., additional, Tanaka, N., additional, Nakagawa, K., additional, Tamura, K., additional, Mimura, K., additional, Kawamura, N., additional, Fujiwara, H., additional, Nozue, G., additional, Ose, A., additional, Kanai-Nakata, Y., additional, Higashiya, A., additional, Hamamoto, S., additional, Tamasaku, K., additional, Yabashi, M., additional, Ishikawa, T., additional, Imada, S., additional, Sekiyama, A., additional, Sakata, H., additional, and Demura, S., additional

Published
2024
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17. Soft X-ray Angle Resolved Photoemission with Micro Positioning Techniques for Metallic V$_2$O$_3$

Author

Fujiwara, H., Kiss, T., Wakabayashi, Y. K., Nishitani, Y., Mori, T., Nakata, Y., Kitayama, S., Fukushima, K., Ikeda, S., Fuchimoto, H., Minowa, Y., Mo, S. -K., Denlinger, J. D., Allen, J. W., Metcalf, P., Imai, M., Yoshimura, K., Suga, S., Muro, T., and Sekiyama, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We have performed soft-X-ray angle resolved photoemission for metallic V$_2$O$_3$. Combining a micro focus beam (40 x 65 ${\mu}$m$^2$) and micro positioning techniques with a long working distance microscope, we have succeeded in observing band dispersions from tiny cleavage surfaces with typical size of the several tens of ${\mu}$m. The photoemission spectra show a clear position dependence reflecting the morphology of the cleaved sample surface. By selecting high quality flat regions on the sample surface, we have succeeded in band mapping using both photon-energy and polar-angle dependences, opening the door to three-dimensional ARPES for typical three dimensional correlated materials where large cleavage planes are rarely obtained., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

Published
2015

18. Size distribution of islands according to 2D growth model with 2 kinds of diffusion atoms

Author

Yamauchi, R., Lu, X. M., Koyama, M., Sasakura, H., Nakata, Y., and Muto, S.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We simulated the growth of 2D islands with 2 kinds of diffusion atoms using the kinetic Monte- Carlo (kMC) method. As a result, we found that the slow atoms tend to create nuclei and determine the island volume distribution, along with additional properties such as island density. We also conducted a theoretical analysis using the rate equation of the point-island model to confirm these results., Comment: 4pages,4figures

Published
2015

20. Prognosis analysis after recurrence of preoperative skeletal muscle mass reduction group in colorectal cancer stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ

Author

Furuya, S., primary, Takiguchi, K., additional, Higuchi, Y., additional, Nakayama, T., additional, Saito, R., additional, Maruyama, S., additional, Nakata, Y., additional, Shiraishi, K., additional, Akaike, H., additional, Kawaguchi, Y., additional, Amemiya, H., additional, Kawaida, H., additional, and Ichikawa, D., additional

Published
2023
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21. Examination of nutritional indicators for elderly esophageal cancer

Author

Shiraishi, K., primary, Kawaguchi, Y., additional, Higuchi, Y., additional, Nakayama, T., additional, Saito, R., additional, Maruyama, S., additional, Takiguchi, K., additional, Nakata, Y., additional, Furuya, S., additional, Akaike, H., additional, Amemiya, H., additional, Kawaida, H., additional, and Ichikawa, D., additional

Published
2023
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23. Long-term results using nutritional indicators in colorectal cancer surgery -CACHEXIA AND MODIFIED GLASGOW PROGNOSTIC SCORE(MGPS)

Author

Nakata, Y., primary, Furuya, S., additional, Higuchi, Y., additional, Nakayama, T., additional, Saito, R., additional, Maruyama, S., additional, Takiguchi, K., additional, Shiraishi, K., additional, Akaike, H., additional, Kawaguchi, Y., additional, Amemiya, H., additional, Kawaida, H., additional, and Ichikawa, D., additional

Published
2023
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24. Impact of the ground-state 4f symmetry for anisotropic cf hybridization in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeNi2Ge2

Author

Fujiwara, H., primary, Nakatani, Y., additional, Aratani, H., additional, Kanai-Nakata, Y., additional, Yamagami, K., additional, Hamamoto, S., additional, Kiss, T., additional, Yamasaki, A., additional, Higashiya, A., additional, Imada, S., additional, Tanaka, A., additional, Tamasaku, K., additional, Yabashi, M., additional, Ishikawa, T., additional, Yasui, A., additional, Yamagami, H., additional, Miyawaki, J., additional, Miyake, A., additional, Ebihara, T., additional, Saitoh, Y., additional, and Sekiyama, A., additional

Published
2023
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26. Size Distribution and Its Scaling Behavior of InAlAs/AlGaAs Quantum Dots Grown on GaAs by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Author

Lu, X. M., Koyama, M., Izumi, Y., Nakata, Y., Adachi, S., and Muto, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We studied the size distribution and its scaling behavior of self-assembled InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on GaAs with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) mode by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), at both 480{\deg}C and 510{\deg}C, as a function of InAlAs coverage. A scaling function of the volume was found for the first time in ternary alloy QDs. The function was similar to that of InAs/GaAs QDs, which agreed with the scaling function for the two-dimensional submonolayer homoepitaxy simulation with a critical island size of i = 1. However, a character of i = 0 was also found as a tail in the large volume., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures

Published
2012
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31. Few-electron molecular states and their transitions in a single InAs quantum dot molecule

Author

Ota, T., Rontani, M., Tarucha, S., Nakata, Y., Song, H. Z., Miyazawa, T., Usuki, T., Takatsu, M., and Yokoyama, N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study electronic configurations in a single pair of vertically coupled self-assembled InAs quantum dots, holding just a few electrons. By comparing the experimental data of non-linear single-electron transport spectra in a magnetic field with many-body calculations, we identify the spin and orbital configurations to confirm the formation of molecular states by filling both the quantum mechanically coupled symmetric and anti-symmetric states. Filling of the anti-symmetric states is less favored with increasing magnetic field, and this leads to various magnetic field induced transitions in the molecular states., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2005
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32. Single-dot spectroscopy via elastic single-electron tunneling through a pair of coupled quantum dots

Author

Ota, T., Ono, K., Stopa, M., Hatano, T., Tarucha, S., Song, H. Z., Nakata, Y., Miyazawa, T., Ohshima, T., and Yokoyama, N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study the electronic structure of a single self-assembled InAs quantum dot by probing elastic single-electron tunneling through a single pair of weakly coupled dots. In the region below pinch-off voltage, the non-linear threshold voltage behavior provides electronic addition energies exactly as the linear, Coulomb blockade oscillation does. By analyzing it, we identify the s and p shell addition spectrum for up to six electrons in the single InAs dot, i.e. one of the coupled dots. The evolution of shell addition spectrum with magnetic field provides Fock-Darwin spectra of s and p shell., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2004
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33. Molecular states observed in a single pair of strongly coupled self-assembled InAs quantum dots

Author

Ota, T., Stopa, M., Rontani, M., Hatano, T., Yamada, K., Tarucha, S., Song, H. Z., Nakata, Y., Miyazawa, T., Ohshima, T., and Yokoyama, N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Molecular states in a SINGLE PAIR of strongly coupled self-assembled InAs quantum dots are investigated using a sub-micron sized single electron transistor containing just a few pairs of coupled InAs dots embedded in a GaAs matrix. We observe a series of well-formed Coulomb diamonds with charging energy of less than 5 meV, which are much smaller than those reported previously. This is because electrons are occupied in molecular states, which are spread over both dots and occupy a large volume. In the measurement of ground and excited state single electron transport spectra with magnetic field, we find that the electrons are sequentially trapped in symmetric and anti-symmetric states. This result is well-explained by numerical calculation using an exact diagonalization method., Comment: PDF file only. 10 pages, 3 figures. In press on Superlattices and Microstructures. Proceedings of 6-th International Conference on New Phenomena in Mesoscopic Systems and 4-th International Conference on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices, 1-5 December 2003, Maui, Hawaii

Published
2004
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35. Hot electron and ion spectra on blow-off plasma free target in GXII-LFEX direct fast ignition experiment

Author

Ozaki, T., primary, Abe, Y., additional, Arikawa, Y., additional, Sentoku, Y., additional, Kawanaka, J., additional, Tokita, S., additional, Miyanaga, N., additional, Jitsuno, T., additional, Nakata, Y., additional, Tsubakimoto, K., additional, Sunahara, A., additional, Jhozaki, T., additional, Miura, E., additional, Komeda, O., additional, Iwamoto, A., additional, Sakagami, H., additional, Okihara, S., additional, Ishii, K., additional, Hanayama, R., additional, Mori, Y., additional, and Kitagawa, Y., additional

Published
2023
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38. Who in the world is trying to change their personality traits? Volitional personality change among college students in six continents

Author

Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski, E., Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, Z., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C. E., Pelletierdumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Buchtel, E. E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Forero, D. A., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrõebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Lado, V., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírezesparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Lekne, Waldal Holen, V., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Gastardo- Conaco, M. C., Malaya, D., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, and Akalin, Pelin Karakus

Subjects
Volition, College Students, Volitional personality change, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, College student, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Emotions, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Cross-cultural, Personality Disorders, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Students, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Personality
Abstract

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals' active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2021

46. Frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves at optically induced temporal boundaries in GaAs waveguides

Author

Takano Keisuke, Uchiyama Satoko, Nagase Shintaro, Tsuchimoto Yuka, Nakanishi Toshihiro, Nakata Yosuke, Pérez-Urquizo Joel, Madéo Julien, Dani Keshav M., and Miyamaru Fumiaki

Subjects
time-varying medium, temporal boundary, frequency conversion, terahertz wave, frequency division multiplexing, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In this study, the frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves is analytically and experimentally demonstrated at the temporal boundaries within a GaAs waveguide. The temporal boundary is established by photoexciting the top surface of the waveguide, thereby instantaneously increasing its electrical conductivity. This photoexcited waveguide supports a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode with a frequency lower than those of the transverse magnetic (TM) modes present in the original waveguide. At the temporal boundary, the incident TM mode couples with the TEM mode, resulting in frequency down-conversion. Subtracting the propagation loss from the frequency-converted components indicates that the frequency conversion occurs with an efficiency consistent with the analytical predictions. The propagation loss is primarily due to ohmic loss, caused by the finite electrical conductivity of the photoexcited region. Given that the frequency of transverse electric modes is up-converted at the temporal boundary, our findings suggest that the direction of frequency conversion (upward or downward) can be controlled by manipulating the incident polarization. The polarization-dependent frequency conversion in waveguides holds significant potential for applications in devices designed for the interconversion of terahertz signals across various frequency channels. This capability is instrumental in the development of frequency-division-multiplexed terahertz wave communication systems, thereby enabling high data transfer rates.

Published
2024
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50. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ha, Shang E, İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Karakus Akalin, Pelin, Gardiner, Gwendolyn [0000-0001-8118-9164], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Baranski, E., Funder, D., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., De Fruyt, F., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobak, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdi, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klava, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Gastardo-Conaco, M. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Colovic, P., Smederevac, S., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., De Kock, F., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O'Donnell, A. K., Buhler, J. L., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., and Bui, H. T. T.

Subjects
Male, Internationality, Social connectedness, Happiness, Emotions, Culture, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Geographical locations, Theoretical, ddc:150, Sociology, Japan, Models, Schema (psychology), Psychology, Sociocultural evolution, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, Harmony (color), Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Europe, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Medicine, Female, Social psychology, Human, Research Article, China, Asia, General Science & Technology, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Reproducibility of Result, Happine, Interpersonal communication, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, cross-cultural, happiness, personality, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, Models, Theoretical, United States, North America, Emic and etic, People and places
Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020

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