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Photophysics and photochemistry of 2-anthracenecarboxylate (AC) bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) are investigated. The largest photochirogenesis was observed for the site with moderate binding affinity showing that compensation between the strength of the binding and mobility is important to achieve chiral discrimination for biomolecular reactions in chiral environments.

2- anthracebecarboxylate acid (AC) forms a substantially consistent 1:2 inclusion complex with gamma-cyclodextrin, this formation of the 1:2 inclusion complex increased the photocyclodimerization of AC. However, this 1:2 inclusion could be easily examined by UV-vis, circular dichroism, and (super 1)H NMR spectroscopies.

Research has been conducted on the dye-modified beta-cyclodextrins. The heterodimerization behavior of these cyclodextrins has been investigated in an aqueous solution via absorption and induced circular dichroism spectroscopy and the results indicate that heterodimerization can be used in the supramolecular heteropolymer preparation.

A study was conducted to characterize a novel type of guest-responsive color change indicator by synthesizing phenolphthalein-modified beta-CD. Molecular sensing was analyzed using guest-induced absorption changes. The conformation of phenolphthalein-modified beta-CD in the presence and absence of a guest in an aqueous solution was also analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results indicated that the sensing capabilities of phenolphthalein-modified beta-CD were similar to the binding constants.

The synthesis of noncovalent manganese porphyrin heterodimers and -trimers was described. The compounds were prepared in aqueous solution at pH 12 and held together by Coulomb interactions between four beta-methylpyridinium and meso-phenylsulfonate or meso-phenylcarboxylate ion pairs in eclipsed orientations. Experimental results showed that the manganese(III) ions were oxidized simultaneously to manganese(IV) at almost 300 millivolts at pH 12. In addition, quantitative chemical reduction of manganese(III) to manganese(II) porphyrin trimers was achieved with dithionite.

The synthesis and characterization of fluorophore-amino acid-cyclodextrin (CD) triads as molecular sensors were carried out. The fluorescent CDs, which displayed variable fluorescence and absorption intensities upon addition of a guest molecule, were N-dansyl-L-leucine-modified and N-dansyl-D-leucine-modified beta-CD, and N-dansyl-L-leucine-modified and N-dansyl-D-leucine-modified gamma-CD.

A ternary inclusion complex of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with alcohol and azulene is studied by induced circular dichroism (ICD) and 1H NMR techniques. The complex consists of two beta-CD's, two alcohols and one azulene. The fluorescence spectra of azulene aqueous solution with varying concentration of beta-CD and the ICD spectra with beta-CD and with both beta-CD and 1-propanol are presented.

A series of secondary-face-substituted and skeleton-modified gamma-cyclodextrins (gamma-CDs) are prepared as chiral hosts for enantiodifferentiating [4+4] photocyclodimerization reactions of 2-anthracenecarboxylic acid (AC). The influence of temperature and high pressure on the supramolecular photochirogenic reaction is investigated.

A dramatic switching of the product selectivity and a significant enantiomeric excess enhancement can be simultaneously achieved in the photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate by tethering a dicationic flexible sidearm to gamma-cyclodextrin. This is possible through a crucial manipulation of the electrostatic interactions between the guest's carboxylate anion and the hosts ammonium cations and also by lowering the temperature and solvent polarity.

A dynamic supramolecular photochirogenesis using Bovine serum albumin (BSA), employing 2-anthracenecarboxylate (AC) as a prochiral substrate is proposed. The complexion behavior of AC by BSA, and subsequently performed enantiodifferentiating photoclodimerization is examined.