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3. IV. ワイヤーメッシュケージ法による放牧牛の熱帯果樹食害防御について(放牧地への熱帯果樹導入に関する研究)

Author

平川, 守彦, 仲本, 裕子, 日越, 博信, 大城, 政一, 石嶺, 行男, 平山, 琢二, 赤嶺, 光, 外間, 聡, Hirakawa, Morihiko, Nakamoto, Yuko, Higoshi, Hironobu, Oshiro, Seiichi, Ishimine, Yukio, Hirayama, Takuji, Akamine, Hikaru, Hokama, Satoshi, 平川, 守彦, 仲本, 裕子, 日越, 博信, 大城, 政一, 石嶺, 行男, 平山, 琢二, 赤嶺, 光, 外間, 聡, Hirakawa, Morihiko, Nakamoto, Yuko, Higoshi, Hironobu, Oshiro, Seiichi, Ishimine, Yukio, Hirayama, Takuji, Akamine, Hikaru, and Hokama, Satoshi

Abstract

本研究は, 放牧地の立体空間を有効利用するために, 放牧草地生態系へ熱帯果樹を導入して, 肉生産と果樹生産の両立を行おうとするものである。今回は, ワイヤーメッシュケージ法を用いて果樹食害防御の検討を行った。供試した熱帯果樹はグアバとビワである。供試家畜は, 経産牛3頭(平均体重357kg), 雄子牛3頭(10カ月齢, 平均体重238kg), 未経産牛2頭, 雄牛1頭の合計9頭で, グアバ, ビワを囲むワイヤーメッシュケージは, 鉄材を用いて1m(縦)×1m(横)×1.5m(高さ)の大きさの枠を作り, この枠に網目15cm×15cm, 大きさ1.5m×1.0mの網を園芸ロープで固定して作った。ケージは脚を地下30cmの深さに埋め込んで固定した。供試牛を数日間放牧し, 退牧時にグアバ, ビワそれぞれの被食率, ネット被害率を調査した。試験期間は8月から1月までの6カ月間で, 各果樹とも6回の放牧試験を行った。ワイヤーメッシュケージ法を用いたところ試験期間全体を通して両果樹とも被食率は0%であり,ケージ自体の被害率も常に0%であった。以上のことからワイヤーメッシュケージ法は熱帯果樹の食害を防御する方法として最良であった。, We have studied to produce both beef and tropical fruits due to utilization of spatial space in grassland. In this study we used wire-mesh cage method to protect tropical fruit tree from grazing cattle. We cultivated guava (Psidium guyava L.) and loquat (Eriobtrya japonica Lindley) as tropical fruits, and grazed nine Japanese black cattle; three cows of mean weight of 357kg, three steers of mean weight of 238kg, two heifer calves and bull. The wire-mesh cage which was made of frame 1 by 1 by 1.5 meter of steel pole and was then put around the frame except the top with wire-mesh of 15 by 15 centimeter were located in grassland to knock it in underground at thirty centimeter depth to protect tropical fruit trees from grazing cattle. We measured the damaged ratio of guava and loquat and of wiremesh cage after grazing. Grazing experiments of the wife-mesh cage method were conducted six times from August to January in the following year. It was wire-mesh cage method that neither guava nor loquat received damage entirely from grazing cattle during experiments. Wire-mesh cage was so tough to rub it by cattle. From the results described above, we recognized that wire-mesh cage method was the most effective grazing protection in these studies.

Published
1997

5. IV. Effects of wire-mesh cage method protecting tropical fruit tree from grazing cattle (A study on the introduction of tropical fruit tree in grassland)

Author

Hirakawa, Morihiko, Nakamoto, Yuko, Higoshi, Hironobu, Oshiro, Seiichi, Ishimine, Yukio, Hirayama, Takuji, Akamine, Hikaru, and Hokama, Satoshi

Subjects
グアバ, guava, 食害防御, 放牧牛, loquat, ワイヤーメッシュケージ法, wire-mesh cage method, grazing cattle, grazing protection, ビワ
Abstract

本研究は, 放牧地の立体空間を有効利用するために, 放牧草地生態系へ熱帯果樹を導入して, 肉生産と果樹生産の両立を行おうとするものである。今回は, ワイヤーメッシュケージ法を用いて果樹食害防御の検討を行った。供試した熱帯果樹はグアバとビワである。供試家畜は, 経産牛3頭(平均体重357kg), 雄子牛3頭(10カ月齢, 平均体重238kg), 未経産牛2頭, 雄牛1頭の合計9頭で, グアバ, ビワを囲むワイヤーメッシュケージは, 鉄材を用いて1m(縦)×1m(横)×1.5m(高さ)の大きさの枠を作り, この枠に網目15cm×15cm, 大きさ1.5m×1.0mの網を園芸ロープで固定して作った。ケージは脚を地下30cmの深さに埋め込んで固定した。供試牛を数日間放牧し, 退牧時にグアバ, ビワそれぞれの被食率, ネット被害率を調査した。試験期間は8月から1月までの6カ月間で, 各果樹とも6回の放牧試験を行った。ワイヤーメッシュケージ法を用いたところ試験期間全体を通して両果樹とも被食率は0%であり,ケージ自体の被害率も常に0%であった。以上のことからワイヤーメッシュケージ法は熱帯果樹の食害を防御する方法として最良であった。, We have studied to produce both beef and tropical fruits due to utilization of spatial space in grassland. In this study we used wire-mesh cage method to protect tropical fruit tree from grazing cattle. We cultivated guava (Psidium guyava L.) and loquat (Eriobtrya japonica Lindley) as tropical fruits, and grazed nine Japanese black cattle; three cows of mean weight of 357kg, three steers of mean weight of 238kg, two heifer calves and bull. The wire-mesh cage which was made of frame 1 by 1 by 1.5 meter of steel pole and was then put around the frame except the top with wire-mesh of 15 by 15 centimeter were located in grassland to knock it in underground at thirty centimeter depth to protect tropical fruit trees from grazing cattle. We measured the damaged ratio of guava and loquat and of wiremesh cage after grazing. Grazing experiments of the wife-mesh cage method were conducted six times from August to January in the following year. It was wire-mesh cage method that neither guava nor loquat received damage entirely from grazing cattle during experiments. Wire-mesh cage was so tough to rub it by cattle. From the results described above, we recognized that wire-mesh cage method was the most effective grazing protection in these studies., 紀要論文

6. Transport of Rhodamine 123, a P-Glycoprotein Substrate, across Rat Intestine and Caco-2 Cell Monolayers in the Presence of Cytochrome P-450 3A-Related Compounds1

Author

Yumoto, Ryoko, Murakami, Teruo, Nakamoto, Yuko, Hasegawa, Risa, Nagai, Junya, and Takano, Mikihisa

Abstract

Effects of cytochrome P-450 3A- and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-related compounds, erythromycin, midazolam, ketoconazole, verapamil, and quinidine, on transport of rhodamine 123 (Rho-123), a P-gp substrate, were studied in rat intestine and in Caco-2 cells. Ileum was mainly used in rat studies because this segment showed greater P-gp-mediated Rho-123 transport. In an in vitro everted rat ileum, all the compounds examined significantly inhibited the transport of Rho-123 from serosal to mucosal surfaces across the intestine, with different inhibitory potencies among these compounds. In an in vivo rat study, the exsorption of Rho-123 from blood to the intestinal lumen, which was evaluated as exsorption clearance of Rho-123 under a steady-state plasma concentration of Rho-123, was also inhibited when these compounds were added to the intestinal lumen. Similarly, transepithelial transport of Rho-123 from the basolateral to apical side across Caco-2 cell monolayers was inhibited by these compounds. A linear relationship was observed in their inhibitory potencies on Rho-123 transport between in vitro and in vivo studies using rat ileum and between studies with rat ileum and Caco-2 cells. P-gp-mediated transport across the intestine was found to be inhibited not only by P-gp-related but also by all the cytochrome P-450 3A-related compounds examined. Within experimental error, the relative inhibitory potencies were the same between the studies with rat ileum (in vivo, in vitro) and those with Caco-2 cells. Thus, it is suggested that the function of P-gp and its sensitivity to these drugs may be similar in rat intestine and Caco-2 cells.

Published
1999
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