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Magnetic textures in the ferromagnetic phases of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$ for 0.15 $< x <$ 0.30 have been investigated by Lorentz microscopy combined with small-angle electron diffraction experiments. Various types of magnetic textures characterized by stripe, plate-shaped, and cylindrical (magnetic bubble) domains were found. Two distinct types of magnetic stripe domains appeared in the orthorhombic structure with an inversion symmetry of La$_{0.825}$Sr$_{0.175}$MnO$_3$, depending significantly on magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Based on in-situ observations as functions of temperature and the strength of the external magnetic field, a magnetic field-temperature phase diagram was constructed, showing the stabilization of magnetic bubbles in the ferromagnetic phase of La$_{0.825}$Sr$_{0.175}$MnO$_3$.

We report formation of magnetic textures in the ferromagnetic (FM) phase of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$ for $x =$ 0.125; these textures are magnetic bubbles, magnetic stripe domains, and forced FM states. In situ Lorentz microscopy (LM) observations show that magnetic bubbles exist in the FM insulating phase accompanying the formation of the charge$/$orbital ordering (CO$/$OO). Furthermore, stable magnetic bubbles still exist in an intermediate temperature region between the CO$/$OO ($T_{CO} =$ 155 K) and FM ($T_c =$ 190 K) transition temperatures. These magnetic bubbles are believed to originate from the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the dipole-dipole interaction in the FM phase. Based on in situ LM observations as a function of both temperature and the strength of the external magnetic field applied, a magnetic field-temperature phase diagram is constructed, exhibiting the stabilizing regions of the magnetic bubbles in the FM phase of La$_{0.875}$Sr$_{0.125}$MnO$_{3}$.

The magnetic domain and bubble structures in the Z-type hexaferrite Sr$_3$Co$_2$Fe$_{24}$O$_{41}$ were investigated using Lorentz microscopy. This hexaferrite exhibits a room-temperature magnetoelectric effect that is attributed to its transverse conical spin structure (TC phase). Upon heating, the TC phase transforms into a ferrimagnetic phase with magnetic moments in the hexagonal $ab$ plane between 410 and 480 K (FM2 phase) and into another ferrimagnetic phase with moments parallel to the $c$ axis between 490 and 680 K (FM1 phase). Accordingly, in this study, the magnetic domain structures in Sr$_3$Co$_2$Fe$_{24}$O$_{41}$ were observed to change dramatically with temperature. In the TC phase, irregular fine magnetic domains were observed after cooling the specimen from the FM2 to TC phase. In the FM1 phase, striped magnetic domain walls with pairs of bright and dark contrast were formed parallel to the $c$ axis. Upon applying an external magnetic field, the striped magnetic domain walls transformed into magnetic bubbles. The topology of the magnetic bubbles was dependent on the angle between the external magnetic field ($H$) direction and the easy $c$ axis. Namely, magnetic bubbles with the topological number $N$ = 1 (type I) were created for $H//c$, whereas magnetic bubbles with $N$ = 0 (type II) were created when the magnetic field was tilted from the c axis by 5{\deg}. We attribute the high magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Sr$_3$Co$_2$Fe$_{24}$O$_{41}$ to the emergence of magnetic bubbles in the FM1 phase.

We examined the formation mechanisms of magnetic bubbles in an M-type hexaferrite via Lorentz microscopy. When magnetic fields were perpendicularly applied to a thin sample of BaFe$_{12-x-0.05}$Sc$_x$Mg$_{0.05}$O$_{19}$ ($x = 1.6$), Bloch lines, which were identified as reversals of domain-wall chirality, appeared, and magnetic bubbles were formed when the magnetic stripes were pinched off at these Bloch lines. The number of Bloch lines increased with the amount of Sc in BaFe$_{12-x-0.05}$Sc$_x$Mg$_{0.05}$O$_{19}$ probably because of the reduction in magnetic anisotropy. A Lorentz microscopic observation revealed that Bloch lines with high magnetostatic energy may play an important role in the formation of magnetic bubbles.

We describe the in-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system consisting of the Soft X-ray Telescope and the Soft X-ray Imager aboard Hitomi. Verification and calibration of imaging and spectroscopic performance are carried out making the best use of the limited data of less than three weeks. Basic performance including a large field of view of 38'x38' is verified with the first light image of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. Amongst the small number of observed targets, the on-minus-off pulse image for the out-of-time events of the Crab pulsar enables us to measure a half power diameter of the telescope as about 1.3'. The average energy resolution measured with the onboard calibration source events at 5.89 keV is 179 pm 3 eV in full width at half maximum. Light leak and cross talk issues affected the effective exposure time and the effective area, respectively, because all the observations were performed before optimizing an observation schedule and parameters for the dark level calculation. Screening the data affected by these two issues, we measure the background level to be 5.6x10^{-6} counts s^{-1} arcmin^{-2} cm^{-2} in the energy band of 5-12 keV, which is seven times lower than that of the Suzaku XIS-BI., Comment: Accepted for publication in PASJ. 17 pages, 18 figures

Corona structures and processes during the pre-impulsive stage of solar eruption are crucial to understanding the physics leading to the subsequent explosive energy release. Here we present the first microwave imaging study of a hot flux rope structure during the pre-impulsive stage of an eruptive M7.7 solar flare, with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) at 17 GHz. The flux rope is also observed by the SDO/AIA in its hot passbands of 94 and 131 \AA\. In the microwave data, it is revealed as an overall arcade-like structure consisting of several intensity enhancements bridged by generally weak emissions, with brightness temperatures ($T_B$) varying from ~10,000~K to ~20,000 K. Locations of microwave intensity enhancements along the structure remain relatively fixed at certain specific parts of the flux rope, indicating that the distribution of emitting electrons is affected by the large scale magnetic configuration of the twisted flux rope. Wavelet analysis shows a pronounced 2-min period of the microwave $T_B$ variation during the pre-impulsive stage of interest. The period agrees well with that reported for AIA sunward-contracting loops and upward ejective plasmoids (suggested to be reconnection outflows). This suggests that both periodicities are controlled by the same reconnection process that takes place intermittently at a 2-min time scale. We infer that at least a part of the emission is excited by non-thermal energetic electrons via the gyro-synchrotron mechanism. The study demonstrates the potential of microwave imaging in exploring the flux rope magnetic geometry and relevant reconnection process during the onset of solar eruption., Comment: This paper has been accepted by The Astrophysical Journal Letters

This white paper addresses selected new (to X-ray astronomy) physics and data analysis issues that will impact ASTRO-H SWG observations as a result of its high-spectral-resolution X-ray microcalorimeter, the focussing hard X-ray optics and corresponding detectors, and the low background soft gamma-ray detector. We concentrate on issues of atomic and nuclear physics, including basic bound-bound and bound-free transitions as well as scattering and radiative transfer. The major topic categories include the physics of charge exchange, solar system X-ray sources, advanced spectral model, radiative transfer, and hard X-ray emission lines and sources., Comment: 37 pages, 19 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper

Most supernova remnants (SNRs) are old, in the sense that their structure has been profoundly modified by their interaction with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Old SNRs are very heterogenous in terms of their appearance, reflecting differences in their evolutionary state, the environments in which SNe explode and in the explosion products. Some old SNRs are seen primarily as a result of a strong shock wave interacting with the ISM. Others, the so-called mixed-morphology SNRs, show central concentrations of emission, which may still show evidence of emission from the ejecta. Yet others, the pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), are seen primarily as a result of emission powered by a pulsar; these SNRs often lack the detectable thermal emission from the primary shock. The underlying goal in all studies of old SNRs is to understand these differences, in terms of the SNe that created them, the nature of the ISM into which they are expanding, and the fundamental physical processes that govern their evolution. Here we identify three areas of study where ASTRO-H can make important contributions. These are constraining abundances and physical processes in mature limb-brightened SNRs, understanding the puzzling nature of mixed-morphology SNRs, and exploring the nature of PWNe. The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on-board ASTRO-H will, as a result of its high spectral resolution, be the primary tool for addressing problems associated with old SNRs, supported by hard X-ray observations with the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) to obtain broad band X-ray coverage., Comment: 25 pages, 17 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper

Thanks to the unprecedented spectral resolution and sensitivity of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) to soft thermal X-ray emission, ASTRO-H will open a new discovery window for understanding young, ejecta-dominated, supernova remnants (SNRs). In particular we study how ASTRO-H observations will address, comprehensively, three key topics in SNR research: (1) using abundance measurements to unveil SNR progenitors, (2) using spatial and velocity distribution of the ejecta to understand supernova explosion mechanisms, (3) revealing the link between the thermal plasma state of SNRs and the efficiency of their particle acceleration., Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper

We have recently reported the successful fabrication of bright single-photon sources based on Ag-embedded nanocone structures that incorporate InAs quantum dots. The source had a photon collection efficiency as high as 24.6%. Here we show the results of various types of photonic characterizations of the Ag-embedded nanocone structures that confirm their versatility as regards a broad range of quantum optical applications. We measure the first-order autocorrelation function to evaluate the coherence time of emitted photons, and the second-order correlation function, which reveals the strong suppression of multiple photon generation. The high indistinguishability of emitted photons is shown by the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference. With quasi-resonant excitation, coherent population flopping is demonstrated through Rabi oscillations. Extremely high single-photon purity with a $g^{(2)}$(0) value of 0.008 is achieved with $\pi$-pulse quasi-resonant excitation., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

We demonstrate Werner-like polarization-entangled state generation disapproving local hidden variable theory from a single semiconductor quantum dot. By exploiting tomographic analysis with temporal gating, we find biphoton states are mapped on the Werner state, which is crucial for quantum information applications due to its versatile ramifications such as usefulness to teleportation. Observed time evolution of the biphoton state brings us systematic understanding on a relationship between tomographically reconstructed biphoton state and a set of parameters characterizing exciton state including fine-structure splitting and cross-dephasing time., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

The emission cascade of a single quantum dot is a promising source of entangled photons. A prerequisite for this source is the use of a symmetric dot analogous to an atom in a vacuum, but the simultaneous achievement of structural symmetry and emission in a telecom band poses a challenge. Here we report the growth and characterization of highly symmetric InAs/InAlAs quantum dots self-assembled on C3v symmetric InP(111)A. The broad emission spectra cover the O (1.3 micron-m), C (1.55 micron-m), and L (1.6 micron-m) telecom bands. The distribution of the fine-structure splittings is considerably smaller than those reported in previous works on dots at similar wavelengths. The presence of dots with degenerate exciton lines is further confirmed by the optical orientation technique. Thus, our dot systems are expected to serve as efficient entangled photon emitters for long-distance fiber-based quantum key distribution., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

An ideal source of entangled photon pairs combines the perfect symmetry of an atom with the convenient electrical trigger of light sources based on semiconductor quantum dots. We create a naturally symmetric quantum dot cascade that emits highly entangled photon pairs on demand. Our source consists of strain-free GaAs dots self-assembled on a triangular symmetric (111)A surface. The emitted photons strongly violate Bell's inequality and reveal a fidelity to the Bell state as high as 86 (+-2) % without postselection. This result is an important step towards scalable quantum-communication applications with efficient sources., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, revtex4-1

In a recent paper the first two authors proved that the generating series of the Poincare polynomials of the quasihomogeneous Hilbert schemes of points in the plane has a simple decomposition in an infinite product. In this paper we give a very short geometrical proof of that formula., Comment: Final version, 6 pages

We report on the abundance of metals (Mg and Fe) in the intracluster medium (ICM) at the outskirts (0.2 r200 - 0.8 r200) of the Perseus cluster. The X-ray spectra were obtained in the Suzaku/XIS mapping observations of this region. We employ single temperature models to fit all the X-ray spectra. The ICM temperature smoothly decreases toward the outer region from 6 keV to 4 keV. The Fe abundance is uniformly distributed at the outskirts (~0.3 solar). The Mg abundance is ~1 solar at the outskirts. The solar ratios of Mg/Fe of the outskirts region (Mg/Fe ~4) are a factor of 4 larger than those of the central region. Various systematic effects, including the spatial fluctuations in the cosmic X-ray background, are taken into account and evaluated. These our results have not changed significantly., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten; the proceedings of the XMM-Newton Science Workshop "Galaxy Clusters as Giant Cosmic Laboratories"

Interference of a single photon generated from a single quantum dot is observed between two photon polarization modes. Each emitted single photon has two orthogonal polarization modes associated with the solid-state single photon source, in which two non-degenerate neutral exciton states are involved. The interference between the two modes takes place only under the condition that the emitted photon is free from which-mode information., Comment: 9 pages (total), 3 figures

The extreme solar and SEP event of 20 January 2005 is analyzed from two perspectives. Firstly, we study features of the main phase of the flare, when the strongest emissions from microwaves up to 200 MeV gamma-rays were observed. Secondly, we relate our results to a long-standing controversy on the origin of SEPs arriving at Earth, i.e., acceleration in flares, or shocks ahead of CMEs. All emissions from microwaves up to 2.22 MeV line gamma-rays during the main flare phase originated within a compact structure located just above sunspot umbrae. A huge radio burst with a frequency maximum at 30 GHz was observed, indicating the presence of a large number of energetic electrons in strong magnetic fields. Thus, protons and electrons responsible for flare emissions during its main phase were accelerated within the magnetic field of the active region. The leading, impulsive parts of the GLE, and highest-energy gamma-rays identified with pi^0-decay emission, are similar and correspond in time. The origin of the pi^0-decay gamma-rays is argued to be the same as that of lower energy emissions. We estimate the sky-plane speed of the CME to be 2000-2600 km/s, i.e., high, but of the same order as preceding non-GLE-related CMEs from the same active region. Hence, the flare itself rather than the CME appears to determine the extreme nature of this event. We conclude that the acceleration, at least, to sub-relativistic energies, of electrons and protons, responsible for both the flare emissions and the leading spike of SEP/GLE by 07 UT, are likely to have occurred simultaneously within the flare region. We do not rule out a probable contribution from particles accelerated in the CME-driven shock for the leading GLE spike, which seemed to dominate later on., Comment: 34 pages, 14 Postscript figures. Solar Physics, accepted. A typo corrected. The original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com

Dynamical models of inflation are given with composite inflatons by means of massive supersymmetric gauge theory. Nearly flat directions and stable massive ones in the potential are identified and slow-roll during inflation is examined. This kind of dynamical inflations may be ubiquitous in fundamental unified theory with supersymmetry, which should contain gauge theories for interactions of elementary particles., Comment: 11 pages

It was recently found that the decay of inflaton and the SUSY breaking field produces many gravitinos in the gravity mediation scenario. These discoveries led to an exclusion of many inflation models such as chaotic, (smooth) hybrid, topological and new inflation models. Under these circumstances we searched for a successful inflation model and found that the ``inverted'' hybrid inflation models can solve the gravitino overproduction problem by their distinctive shape of the potential. Furthermore, we found that this inflation model simultaneously can explain the observed baryon asymmetry through the non-thermal leptogenesis and is consistent with the WMAP results, that is, $n_s=0.951^{+0.015}_{-0.019}$ and the negligible tensor to scalar ratio., Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures inc

Crab cavities have been installed in the KEKB B--Factory rings to compensate the crossing angle at the collision point and thus increase luminosity. The beam operation with crab crossing has been done since February 2007. This is the first experience with such cavities in colliders or storage rings. The crab cavities have been working without serious issues. While higher specific luminosity than the geometrical gain has been achieved, further study is necessary and under way to reach the prediction of simulation., Comment: Submitted to Particle Accelerator Conference 2007, MOZAKI01, Albuquerque

A charge injection technique is applied to the X-ray CCD camera, XIS (X-ray Imaging Spectrometer) onboard Suzaku. The charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) in each CCD column (vertical transfer channel) is measured by the injection of charge packets into a transfer channel and subsequent readout. This paper reports the performances of the charge injection capability based on the ground experiments using a radiation damaged device, and in-orbit measurements of the XIS. The ground experiments show that charges are stably injected with the dispersion of 91eV in FWHM in a specific column for the charges equivalent to the X-ray energy of 5.1keV. This dispersion width is significantly smaller than that of the X-ray events of 113eV (FWHM) at approximately the same energy. The amount of charge loss during transfer in a specific column, which is measured with the charge injection capability, is consistent with that measured with the calibration source. These results indicate that the charge injection technique can accurately measure column-dependent charge losses rather than the calibration sources. The column-to-column CTI correction to the calibration source spectra significantly reduces the line widths compared to those with a column-averaged CTI correction (from 193eV to 173eV in FWHM on an average at the time of one year after the launch). In addition, this method significantly reduces the low energy tail in the line profile of the calibration source spectrum., Comment: Paper contains 18 figures and 15 tables. Accepted for publication in PASJ

The stability of proton and neutrino masses are discussed in the Randall-Sundrum model. We show that relevant operators should be suppressed, if the hierarchical Yukawa matrices are explained only by configurations of wavefunctions for fermions and the Higgs field along the extra dimension. We assume a $Z_N$ discrete gauge symmetry to suppress those operators. In the Dirac neutrino case, there is an infinite number of symmetries which may forbid the dangerous operators. In the Majorana neutrino case, the discrete gauge symmetries should originate from $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetries which are broken on the Planck brane. We also comment on the $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation as a phenomenon which can distinguish those discrete gauge symmetries., Comment: 12 pages, No figures, Added references