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Craniocervical junction infections are considered a rare condition and can be associated with degradation of the odontoid ligaments and, the risk of a subsequent atlantoaxial subluxation or dislocation. Osteomyelitis at this level is often seen in immunocompromised patients with, intravenous drug use or infective endocarditis. Atlantoaxial subluxation associated with pharyngeal infection or its surrounding tissues is called Grisel's syndrome. We report the case of a 29-year-old man diagnosed with infectious cervico-occipital osteoarthritis complicated by atlantoaxial dislocation, abscesses located in the retropharyngeal space, and the prevertebral space as well as upper cervical epiduritis. Our purpose is to highlight the role of radiologists in diagnosing this rare yet deadly condition.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a multisystem genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by the development of benign tumors known as hamartomas that affect multiple organs. It is a condition with a wide phenotypic spectrum, and its clinical presentation varies over time within the same individual. Hence, the importance of early screening and rigorous monitoring of evolving clinical manifestations. Diagnosis can occur at any age. These tumors are generally benign, but their size and location can have a significant impact on the prognosis and, in some cases, even on life expectancy. Cardiac, neurological, and cutaneous manifestations are most common in childhood. The onset of early and severe epilepsy within the first year of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders that impact the quality of life for affected individuals and their families. We present a case of a 22-year-old female patient experiencing inaugural epileptic seizures in adulthood, with magnetic resonance imaging revealing subependymal hamartomas, cortical tubers and radial migration bands accompanied by polycystic kidney disease; the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex was established based on the association of these lesions, which constitute major and minor criteria.

Leukocoria is an aberration of the eyeball that interferes with normal reflection. It shows up as a white or gray pupillary reflex rather than the bright red or orange pupil of the other eye. Leukocoria can be brought on by a variety of ocular pathologies, with retinoblastoma being the most common. We present the case of a 17-month-old guy who had unilateral leukocoria and whose orbital MRI was ordered on the basis of retinoblastoma suspicion. The results, however, were more suggestive of Coats disease than retinoblastoma. Telangiectasia and exudate, which frequently afflict males’ unilateral eyes, are the hallmarks of Coats’ illness. Depending on the stage of the disease, there are differences in its severity, course, and outlook. It is crucial to get therapy and a diagnosis for retinal problems as soon as possible. Although uncommon, there are still many people who are not familiar with Coats’ disease. This paper aims to describe imaging findings in Coats' disease.

Schizencephaly, a rare congenital cerebral deformity that affects the cerebral mantle and is caused by both hereditary and acquired factors, is defined by a cleft that spans the entire cerebral hemisphere from the lateral ventricle to the cerebral cortex. Adult symptoms have only been described in a few cases in the literature. Hemiparesis, developmental delays, or seizures are manifestations of the clinical presentation, which is dependent on the size and location of the lesion. Neuroimaging investigations, particularly MRI, enable the diagnosis and rule out other causes. Usually discovered at birth, this entity begins to show up in the first several years. To prevent receiving the wrong treatment, the ailment must be correctly diagnosed. We report the observation of a 43-year-old patient with partial epileptic seizures but with an asymptomatic childhood, in relation to unilateral closed cleft schizencephaly associated with gray matter heterotopia. In this case, we highlight the importance of neuroimaging, in particular MRI on the diagnosis of this entity and to identify the associated anomalies.

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids is a very rare entity which is considered as a treatable condition. In some cases, clinical and radiological findings, associated to favorable evolution on steroids therapy can be sufficiently distinguishable to diagnose chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids. We report the case of a 50-year-old man, suffering from acute dizziness with right facial paralysis and limited ocular abduction with his magnetic resonance imaging showing large confluent T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery brainstem hyperintensities extending into the upper cervical spinal cord, infiltrating the basal ganglia and the thalami, with some punctate hyperintensities “peppering” the medial aspects of cerebellar hemispheres. This case illustrates atypical imaging features of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids on magnetic resonance imaging and our work also reviews different studies in the literature and highlights the differential diagnosis.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is known as a therapy of choice of advanced Parkinson's disease. The present study aimed to assess the beneficial and side effects of STN DBS in Moroccan Parkinsonian patients.Material and Methods: Thirty five patients underwent bilateral STN DBS from 2008 to 2016 in the Rabat University Hospital. Patients were assessed preoperatively and followed up for 6 to 12 months using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in four conditions (stimulation OFF and ON and medication OFF and ON), the levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD), dyskinesia and fluctuation scores and PDQ39 scale for quality of life (QOL). Postoperative side effects were also recorded.Results: The mean age at disease onset was 42.31 ± 7.29 years [28–58] and the mean age at surgery was 54.66 ± 8.51 years [34–70]. The median disease duration was 11.95 ± 4.28 years [5–22]. Sixty-three percentage of patients were male. 11.4% of patients were tremor dominant while 45.71 showed akinetic-rigid form and 42.90 were classified as mixed phenotype. The LEDD before surgery was 1200 mg/day [800-1500]. All patients had motor fluctuations whereas non-motor fluctuations were present in 61.80% of cases. STN DBS decreased the LEDD by 51.72%, as the mean LEDD post-surgery was 450 [188-800]. The UPDRS-III was improved by 52.27%, dyskinesia score by 66.70% and motor fluctuations by 50%, whereas QOL improved by 27.12%. Post-operative side effects were hypophonia (2 cases), infection (3 cases), and pneumocephalus (2 cases).Conclusion: Our results showed that STN DBS is an effective treatment in Moroccan Parkinsonian patients leading to a major improvement of the most disabling symptoms (dyskinesia, motor fluctuation) and a better QOL.

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare malformation defined by septum pellucidum abnormalities and hypoplasia of the optic nerves and chiasm. It can be associated with cortical development malformations such as schizencephaly, which is then called septo-optic dysplasia plus. It usually manifests at birth, although it may not be diagnosed until childhood, or rarely, adolescence. We report the case of a 23 years old patient, with a history of epilepsy since early childhood never labeled, which was diagnosed with SOD-PLUS with brain MRI in our department.