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Objective: To see lipid profile in patients of AMI having no other concomitant disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Coronary Care Unit, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to January 2017. Material & Methods: One hundred newly diagnosed cases of AMI, admitted in coronary care unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar as emergency and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Sampling technique was Convenient sampling. Lipid profile was measured by using Cobas Chemistry analyzer, Roche, in Pathology Department, LRH, Peshawar. Results were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: There were 100 patients and 100 normal individuals included by consecutive sampling in the study. Out of 100 patients 85 (85%) were male and 15 (15%) were female. Age ranged from 26-80 years (50.87 ± 11.02). It was observed that 82% of the AMI patients had cholesterol levels less than 200mg/dl while LDL was less than 100mg/dl in all of the patients. However, HDL which is protective lipoprotein was found to be less than 40mg/dl. It was also observed that 82% of the patients had normal Blood Pressure whereas only 18% had high blood pressure. The working conditions of most of the patients (85%) were sedentary. Conclusion: In majority of the cases, blood pressure was normal. However HDL-C was less than 40 mg/dl in cases which is alarming. Besides, Sedentary Life style was found to be the major factor contributing to AMI.

Background: Published studies have reported that acute kidney injury (AKI) and other kidney related manifestations are associated with COVID-19 and linked with poor outcome. This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study of 154 patients involved retrieving data from hospital records confirm COVID-19 infection admitted to the Northwest General Hospital & Research Center, Peshawar from 1st April to 31st July 2020. AKI was defined using Kidney disease. Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)” guidelines. Results: Incidence of AKI was 37.01%. Age, gender, intensive care (ICU) requirement, number of co-morbid, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), arrhythmias among comorbid and fever and shortness of breath among symptoms were found to be significantly differed between AKI and non-AKI patients. Numerous differences of laboratory results such as serum sodium, potassium, total leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count and platelets between both groups were observed (p

This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out to determine the frequency of frailty in patients on haemodialysis and to identify predictive clinical parameters. Patients were selected using convenience sampling. Exclusion criteria included acute kidney injury, non-compliance to hemodialysis, limited physical mobility due to cerebrovascular or rheumatological diseases, acute infections and unwillingness. Frailty was assessed using a short physical performance battery (SPPB). Handgrip strength and triceps skin fold thickness were also measured. There were 79 patients enrolled in the study with mean age of 51.86± 14.85 years, including 44 (55.70%) males. The median SPPB score was 8 (4-11). Frailty was observed in 51 (64.56%) patients. SPPB score had significant correlation with handgrip strength (R2= 0.309; p0.001) and triceps skin fold thickness (R2= 0.060; p=0.030). On univariate analysis, increasing age, female gender, triceps skin fold thickness and hand grip strength were predictive of frailty. However, only increasing age (p0.001) was predictive of frailty in multivariate analysis. Key Words: Haemodialysis, Physical performance, Renal replacement therapy.

Objective: To find the correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels in metformin users among type-2 diabetics.Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Medicine of Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from April 2021 to September 2021.Materials and Methods: Using a consecutive sampling technique, patients were selected from both outdoor and indoor medical health facility Blood tests were performed on all patients and serum vitamin B12 level was assessed, a level less than 200 pg/ml was considered deficient. The comparison was made among patients taking metformin and those not on metformin.Results: 148 patients were enrolled, consisting of an equal proportion of cases and controls i.e. 74 patients in each group, with a mean age of 44.09± 10.61 and 46.15± 10.64 respectively. Vitamin B12 deficiency was found more in metformin user group 34 (45.94%) than in patients not on metformin 11 (14.86%) (p

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinico-laboratory characteristics, risk factors and outcome related to acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients. METHODS: This prospective study on 101 consecutive patients admitted to the Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan was carried out from January-March 2019. Patients were staged according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and outcomes were measured in terms of in-hospital mortality and change in KDIGO staging. RESULTS: Majority (n=57/101; 56.43%) were males. Mean age of patients was 57.90±16.93 years. Twenty-seven (26.73%) patients were in AKI stage-I, 29 (28.71%) in stage-2 and 45 (44.55%) were in stage-3. Hypertension (n=74/101; 73.27%) was the commonest co-morbid condition. Sepsis (n=39/101; 38.61%) and hypovolemia (n=21/101; 20.8%) were most common risk factors for AKI. There was complete recovery in 43 (42.57%) patients. In-hospital mortality was 6.9% (n=7/101) and 57.1% (n=4/7) of these patients had KDIGO stage-3. Serum creatinine levels declined in 22 (21.78%) cases, remained static in 23 (22.8%) and worsened in 06 (5.9%) cases. Male gender and presence of hypovolumia (p

Objective: To determine causative uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Type-2 diabetics (T2D) with good and suboptimal glycemic control. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in Peshawar from April–October, 2019. Four hundred consecutive T2D patients with symptomatic UTI or showing numerous pus cells on routine urinary examination attending outpatient clinic were included. As per the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the urine samples collected were checked for identification of uropathogen by culture. Disc diffusion method was used to determined antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: Of the total (n=400) T2D patients, 205 (51.25%) showed microbial growth. Mean age of patients with UTI was 63.26 ±12.30 years. About two-third (63.9%) of the patients were females. Mean HbA1c was 8.80±2.20%. The frequency of patients with UTI was noticeably greater in the suboptimal glycemic control group 178(86.3%) compared to good control glycemic patients 27(13.7%). Significant mean difference in glycemic levels were observed (HbA1c = 5.86±0.48 and HbA1c = 9.25±2.02, respectively, P < 0.001). E. coli was the predominant pathogen isolated 120(71%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia Spp (K. pn) 35(17.1%), Pseudomonas auregonosa (P. aeruginosa) 14(6.83%), Enterococcus 12 (5.85%) and Candida Spp were 2(0.98%). Both gram positive and negative-bacteria were highly susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: The frequency of UTI in diabetics was higher in female in comparison to male, and was significantly greater in the suboptimal glycemic control group. E. coli was the most typical isolate followed by K. pn. Imipenem, meropenem, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin had high susceptibility profile against the isolated pathogens. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2881 How to cite this:Ahmad S, Hussain A, Khan MSA, Shakireen N, Ali I. Diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection: Causative uropathogens, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the effects of glycemic status. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1550-1557. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2881 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.