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Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a more sustainable, safe, and environmentally friendly method. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis procedure of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using the seed extract of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) as a strong reducing agent and to estimate their cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. The obtained IONPs were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The cytotoxicity of the biosynthesized IONPs was demonstrated by the MTT on a Vero cell line. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the fabricated biosynthesis metal oxide NPs was tested on Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 35218) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 29213) bacterial strains using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. This study showed the formation of a well-dispersed, highly stable (ZP ζ = −51.8 mV) IO NPs with an average diameter of about 31.45 nm. Moreover, the biosynthetic NPs (IONPs) exhibited a significantly noncytotoxic effect when analyzed by the MTT assay. The biosynthetic NPs (NS-IONPs) exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, where the inhibition zones were 12.34 ± 0.58 and 11.52 ± 0.58, respectively.

The periparturient period, which spans late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows, is a crucial phase characterized by complex metabolic and endocrine adjustments necessary for sustained milk production. This research focused on the relationship between serum vaspin, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF), and markers of negative energy balance (NEB) in 100 primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows. The results demonstrated that one month post-calving, both groups had a significant decrease in serum vaspin levels but increased NEFA levels, indicating possible consequences for lipid metabolism and energy balance. Multiparous cows showed significant elevations in cholesterol, IL-1, and TNF concentrations after calving, indicating increased inflammatory responses. Primiparous cows, on the other hand, responded differently, indicating the role of parity in metabolic adjustments. The study acknowledges limitations such as sample size and its observational nature. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of these metabolic changes on herd health and lactational performance, using advanced technologies to gain a molecular understanding. Despite limitations, this study provides valuable insights into how adipokines, inflammatory markers, and energy balance interact during the periparturient period, offering the potential for improved dairy cow management and productivity while ensuring animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine gastric disorders (CGD) are widely common that need veterinary-wise consultation. Understanding the gastric-based disorders using better classification under histological, genotypic and molecular-phenotypic explorationsis important in the processes of diagnosis as early as possible, prophylaxis and treatment. Canine gastric neoplastic lesions; however, reveal extensive histological-based similarities to these lesions in humans. Moreover, these health conditions have been poorly examined in the canine stomach exploring the cellular and molecular characteristics of these lesions. This current review shows the histopathological-related classification of canine gastric neoplastic lesions and supplies with the molecular techniques used in the pathology of canine stomach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aimed to highlight on laparoscopic suturing techniques and difficulties of these techniques to the surgeon either the instruments used to release these difficulties. The researches confirm that the laparoscopic surgery were more appropriate when compared with conventional open surgery in veterinary medicine, because early recovery due to smaller surgical sites, earlier healing, lower post-operative illness, reduce postoperative pain, lesser infection rate, and the early return to activity. But need more practice and training to increase this skill. One of the most laparoscopic surgeon challenges are suturing and knot tying, so the solution of this problem was more practice and training either, special suture techniques and devices that have discovered by Surgeons and researches to release these difficulties like Side winding technique, barbed sutures, Mechanical Suturing Devices (Endostitch) device, and Mechanical stapling device. The conclusions of this review, the laparoscopic surgery had more advantage than open surgery with low morbidity to the patient. Same suture material and pattern were used in traditional and laparoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present study was detected the effect of Mitomycin-c on the histological structure on male reproductive organ. In this study used (24) healthy adult male rats were divided into three groups, each group includes (8) animals: the 1st toxic group was injected (6.5mg/kg) of Mitomycin-c subcutaneous (s/c) once daily, the 2ed therapeutic or low dose group was injected (3.25 mg/kg) of Mitomycin-c subcutaneous (s/c) once daily, while the 3rd control group was injected physiological normal saline (0.9% NaCl2). The experimental period was (10) weeks. Animal, which were treated with Mitomycin-c along the period of experiment showed, sever pathological changes, particularly in testes and epididymis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to know the reproductive toxicity of mercury chloride in male and females of white rats. This study was used twelve (6 male and 6 females) white rats of approximately of the same body weight (200-220 g) divided equally in to 3 groups; the first group (T1) was received mercury chloride (1mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days). While the second group (T2) was received, mercury chloride (1.5mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days).Third group was received only0.2ml of Distilled water considered as control group. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and small pieces of (2cm3) were taken from ovary, uterus and testis of all animals to histopathology. Histopathological sections of these organs of (T2) group was showed severe pathological changes characterized by vaculation in epithelial cells of uterus, cystic dilatation of uterine glands with degeneration of epithelial lining of its ,hemorrhage and decrease in number of growing follicles in ovary also there were sever pathological changes in the testes. While (T1) group was showed less pathological changes characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial lining with few and small uterine gland in uterus, presence of large secondary follicles in ovary and there were less pathological changes in testes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]