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Multi-location trialsin breeding program of any crop are important to find the genotype × environment interaction and selection of supreme genotypes across different environments. Present study was conducted to determine the stability and adaptability of 12onion genotypes in six distinct environments. The experiments were laid out in triplicate randomized complete block design at six locations in 2018-19 viz., Faisalabad-1, Bahawalpur-1, Multan, Faisalabad- 2, Bahawalpur-2 and Raiwind. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, environments, and genotype × environment interaction. The scores of principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2) cumulatively explained 97.13 % of the total variation due to genotype and genotype × environment interaction which were used to draw GGE biplot. Genotypes with score near to zero on both PCs considered as stable one while genotypes with large scores are catagorized as less stable. Phulkara and VRIO-1 were best genotypes in terms of high average yield and stability across multi-location testing. Dark red was the ideal genotype followed by VRIO-1 and Phulkara. The polygon view of GGE biplot exhibits that genotypes: Dark red, Desi red, Early red, Husri and VRIO-2 are highly diverse. Due to more representativeness Bahawalpur-2 was identified as best location among the tested environments for general cultivation of these genotypes. One mega-environment was identified comprised of all tested locations for onion cultivation and all the tested locations are significantly correlated with each other. Thus, GGE biplot technique with graphical display gives an overview of mean performance and stability which is useful for identifying locations with good genotype performance and for efficient use of available resources for the testing program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarsabz, a high yielding, well adapted and bold-seeded pea variety was evolved by hybridizing two varieties Meteor and Lampo at Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad Pakistan. The variety was tested in replicated varietal/ station yield trials and multi-locational trials from 2001 to 2014. Sarsabz gave higher green pod yield (8.52 t/ha) than existing pea varieties i.e. Pea-2009 (7.51 t/ha) and Meteor (6.86 t/ha) and Climax (6.94 t/ha) on average basis. It yielded 13 % more than better check (Pea-2009). The most distinguishing trait of this variety is its greater pod width (2.04 cm) than Pea-2009 (1.87 cm), Meteor (1.59 cm) and Climax (1.61 cm) and more No. of pods per plant. Sarsabz is 27 days earlier in pod bearing than Climax and five days than Pea-2009. It is suitable for early planting (mid of October) as well as for normal planting (Mid of November). Its seed is light green, round and bold and its average 100-fresh seed weight is 67.62 g which is greater than Climax (48.4 g), Pea-2009 (67 g) and Meteor (44.18 g). This variety/line has the ability to tolerate against root rot and powdery mildew diseases of pea crop. The newly approved variety has potential to moderately resist to collar rot disease as compared with all other existing varieties. Studies on organoleptic characteristics showed that Sarsabz is less sweet in taste than Pea-2009, suitable for all types of dishes. This variety was approved by Punjab Seed Council and its seed is available for dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garlic (Allium sativumL.) is the second most important bulb crop. To understand the genetic association and genetic variability between yield and its related traits among garlic genotypes, three garlic clones and a check were planted according to randomized complete block design. The elite garlic clone Wv had the highest garlic bulb yield over all entries. Yield is a complex quantitative trait associated with different plant traits. Garlic bulb yield was associated with plant biomass, bulb diameter, number of bulbs, and number of cloves. The plant traits leaf area, number of leaves, and plant height had minor effects on bulb yield. Principal component analysis reduced the original eight quantitative characters to three principal components that explained 100% of variation among four accessions of garlic. The proportions of the total variance attributable to the first three principal components were 60.8%, 25.4%, and 13.4%. ‘Wv’ and ‘Wn’ belong to the first cluster that has diversity for plant height, leaf area, and bulb yield, whereas ‘Lahsan Gulabi’ has diversity for bulb diameter and number of bulbs per square meter. Careful selection among these clones could be effective in improving garlic. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Hybrid seed yield in tomato is strongly influenced by temperature variations. In this regard a study was conducted to estimate the effect of repeated pollination on fruit setting percentage and number of seeds / fruit under variable natural temperature during the year 2017-18 at Vegetable Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan. The female parent of commercial indeterminate tomato hybrid (Saandal F1) was emasculated. Pollination was done once (T1), twice (T2) and thrice (T3) keeping the interval of 24 hours between each pollination on daily basis and continued for 22 days under field conditions. Analysis of data revealed that there were significant differences among treatments, temperatures and treatment x temperature interaction for both traits. At the temperature range of 17°C - 28.6°C, there was considerable increase in fruit setting in T2 (30.2 %) and T3 (37.7 %) as compared to T1. Linear model was used to explain the behavior of T1. However, for T2 and T3, second degree polynomial model was used. Graphic representation also revealed increase in fruit setting percentage and number of seeds/fruit in to T2 and T3 treatments. However, at higher temperature range of 30°C - 33°C, T2 and T3 responded negatively with the reduction of -7.0 and -23.1% in fruit setting, respectively as compared to T1. For number of seeds/fruit, T2 and T3 showed 50.2 and 58.7% increase, respectively as compared to T1 at temperature range of 17°C - 28.6°C. However, at 30°C - 33°C temperature range, T2 exhibited 50.4% increase over T1 whereas; T3 showed decline in number of seeds/fruit (-14.0 %) in comparison with T1. It was concluded that at low temperature range (17°C-28.6°C) two times pollination (T2) could be more effective for traits that ultimately contribute in higher seed yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kheera local, a high yielding, well adaptable and heat tolerant variety was evolved through recurrent selection. The most distinguishing traits of this variety are its attractive fruit colour, better 1000-seed weight, crispiness, heat tolerance and yield which made it superior over the existing commercial varieties. The variety was tested in replicated varietal trials from 2012 to 2016. Kheera local average fruit yield is 14 t ha-1. It competes to all commercial varieties being planted in the field. This variety is tolerant to high temperature, fungal and viral diseases. Average flowering days are 40-45 and average 1000-seed weight is 26-30 g. Kheera Local has partly brown, short spines fruit surface having fruit length 13-18 cm. Its shelf life is better than other varieties. Kheera Local was approved during the year 2017. It is the only cucumber variety that is approved so far in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]