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Recently there have been worldwide phenomena of "nuclear renaissance", a global trend in expansion of or embarking on nuclear power generation, in view of attaining sustainable development, assuring energy security and reducing CO2 emissions. However, another major accident would ruin nuclear renaissance and, therefore, there are governance implications of nuclear renaissance worldwide. Introduction of nuclear power requires careful planning and implementation with a sustainable infrastructure to ensure that nuclear energy is used in a safe and secure manner, without diversion, throughout all the stages of its life cycle. The importance of safeguards, nuclear safety and nuclear security, or "3S" is also fully noted in Leaders Declaration at 2008 G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit and the IAEA has been promoting the 3S concept, recognizing the important interface among them and trying to maximize their synergy effects. Against this background, an international initiative proposed by Japan on 3S-based nuclear energy infrastructure has been launched. Based on good record and substantial experience in 3Ss, Japan has been exerting various efforts in assisting developing and other countries in establishing the required infrastructure to assure 3Ss. This paper summarizes the Japan's efforts in this area and describes the future prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japan, firmly committed to nuclear non-proliferation, ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1976, and placed herself under obligation, as a non-nuclear weapons state, not to produce or acquire nuclear weapons. Recognizing the important role of the NPT and associated IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safeguards in achieving non-proliferation, Japan has been upholding the NPT regime and exerting her efforts in realizing efficient and effective IAEA safeguards. This paper outlines the non-proliferation policy of Japan and reviews 1) the past accomplishment through promoting major safeguards projects initiated by Japan such as TASTEX (Tokai Advanced Safeguards Technology Exercise), JASPAS (Japan Support Programme for Agency Safeguards), HSP (Hexapartite Safeguards Project), LASCAR (Large Scale Reprocessing Safeguards Project) and ITAP (Information Treatment Assistance Programme); 2) the current situation including the need for reducing IAEA safeguards efforts in Japan, enhancing domestic safeguards capability, and further expansion of integrated safeguards application; and 3) the future direction of Japan's efforts towards the establishment and implementation of effective and efficient IAEA safeguards system, including the development of sustainable safeguards system with a stronger SSAC, an adequate safeguards R&D programme and a human resource development programme in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]