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945 results on '"Nair H"'

1. Effects of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet administered after weaning and the reversal of that diet in adult rats

Author

THAÍS S. QUEIROZ, EDGAR W. ALLEBRANDT NETO, MAÍSA P. SANTOS, FRANCYELE S. CORREIA, DIEGO A. MAGALHÃES, SAMYRA L. BUZELLE, MAYARA P. PEREIRA, SUELÉM A. FRANÇA, and NAIR H. KAWASHITA

Subjects
Adiponectin, hypoproteic-hyperglicidic diet, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic programming, Science
Abstract

Abstract To evaluate the effects in adults rats submitted of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC; 6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) diet and reversion (R) to a balanced diet introduced after weaning. Research methods & procedures: Male rats weigting approximately 100g (30 to 32 d old) were treated with control (C; 17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) or LPHC diets for 120 days. The reverse group (R) was treated with the LPHC diet for 15 days, and changed to C diet for another 105 days. Results: The LPHC group showed an increase in serum fasting triglycerides (TAG). Serum adiponectin was increased only in the LPHC group. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was decreased in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and cardiac muscles. The adiponectin receptor 1 content is the same among groups in the cardiac muscle, but it is lower in the EDL muscle in the LPHC group. In animals from the R group, these parameters are the same as the LPHC group. Thus, the LPHC diet administered for a long period, it promotes an increase in TAG. It is possible that there is adiponectin resistance in the EDL muscle, due to the lower LPL activity. The reversal of the LPHC diet did not normalize these parameters.

Published
2023
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2. Hyperphagia and hyperleptinemia induced by low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet is reversed at a later stage of development in rats

Author

MENDALLI FROELICH, SUELEM A.F. LEMES, MAÍSA P.S. ELIAS, ANA PAULA S.S OLIVEIRA, PATRICIA C. LISBOA, JOSÉ RICARDO DE SOUZA, EGBERTO G. MOURA, FHELIPE J.S ALMEIDA, MAYARA P. PEREIRA, MARCIA Q. LATORRACA, and NAIR H. KAWASHITA

Subjects
adiponectin, hypothalamus, low-protein high-carbohydrate diet, leptin, Science
Abstract

Abstract This study investigated whether increased food intake after 15 days of low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) and its normalization in the later period of development change the content of key proteins related to leptin or adiponectin signaling in the hypothalamus. Male rats were divided into five groups: Control groups received a control diet (17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) for 15 (C15) or 45 (C45) days; LPHC groups received an LPHC diet (6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) for 15 (LPHC15) or 45 (LPHC45) days; and Reverse group (R): received LPHC diet for 15 days followed by control diet for another 30 days. The LPHC15 group showed increased adiposity index, leptin level, and adiponectin level, as well as decreased the leptin receptor (ObRb) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) content in the hypothalamus compared with the C15 group. LPHC diet for 45 days or diet reversion (R group) rescued these alterations, except the adiponectin level in LPHC45 rats, which was higher. In summary, LPHC diet reduced hypothalamic leptin action by diminishing ObRb and POMC levels, leading to hyperphagia and adiposity body. Medium-term administration of LPHC diet or reverting to control diet restored the levels of these proteins, thereby improving body lipid mass rearrangement in adulthood.

Published
2022
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3. Accumulation and removal of Si impurities on $\beta-Ga_2O_3$ arising from ambient air exposure

Author

McCandless, J. P., Gorsak, C. A., Protasenko, V., Schlom, D. G., Thompson, Michael O., Xing, H. G., Jena, D., and Nair, H. P.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Here we report that the source of Si impurities commonly observed on (010) $\beta-Ga_2O_3$ is from exposure of the surface to air. Moreover, we find that a 15 minute HF (49%) treatment reduces the Si density by approximately 1 order of magnitude on (010) $\beta-Ga_2O_3$ surfaces. This reduction in Si is critical for the elimination of the often observed parasitic conducting channel, which negatively affects transport properties and lateral transistor performance. After the HF treatment the sample must be immediately put under vacuum, for the Si fully returns within 10 minutes of additional air exposure. Lastly, we demonstrate that performing a 30 minute HF (49%) treatment on the substrate before growth has no deleterious effect on the structure or on the epitaxy surface after subsequent $Ga_2O_3$ growth.

Published
2023

4. High-fat diet and streptozotocin in the induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new proposal

Author

DIEGO A. DE MAGALHÃES, WILLIAN T. KUME, FRANCYELE S. CORREIA, THAÍS S. QUEIROZ, EDGAR W. ALLEBRANDT NETO, MAÍSA P. DOS SANTOS, NAIR H. KAWASHITA, and SUÉLEM A. DE FRANÇA

Subjects
diabetes mellitus type 2 model, high-fat diet, streptozotocin, rats, Science
Abstract

Our objective was to establish a diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) model in rats using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HF-STZ). Male Wistar rats (240-250g) were divided into a control group (commercial feed), and HF-STZ group, (66.5%-commercial feed, 13.5%-lard, and 20%-sugar). STZ (40mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle was administered on the 13th day. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed (2.5mg of glucose/kg v.o.) on both groups. After 39 days of treatment, blood and tissue samples were collected for analyses. The weight gain after STZ administration was lower in the HF-STZ group than in the control group with reductions in muscle mass and adipose tissue. The HF-STZ group showed hyperglycemia after STZ administration (glucose on day 39: HF-STZ: 499 ± 60; control: 134 ± 9mg/dL). Serum glucagon was 23% lower, and insulin levels were unaltered. The HOMA index was 4-times higher in the HF-STZ. The HF-STZ group showed increased post-prandial (330%) and fasting (125%) triglycerides, and while glycogen content in the liver and muscles decreased (70-80%). The area under the curve (OGTT) was 282% higher in the HF-STZ group. The combination of high-fat diet with STZ (i.p) generated rats with hyperglycemia associated with hypertriglyceridemia and introduced many other alterations present in human DM2.

Published
2019
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5. Spontaneous supercrystal formation during a strain-engineered metal-insulator transition

Author

Gorobtsov, O. Yu., Miao, L., Shao, Z., Tan, Y., Schnitzer, N. I., Goodge, B. H., Ruf, J., Weinstock, D., Cherukara, M., Holt, M. V., Nair, H., Chen, L. -Q., Kourkoutis, L. F., Schlom, D. G., Shen, K. M., and Singer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Mott metal-insulator transitions possess electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom promising next generation energy-efficient electronics. We report a previously unknown, hierarchically ordered state during a Mott transition and demonstrate correlated switching of functional electronic properties. We elucidate in-situ formation of an intrinsic supercrystal in a Ca2RuO4 thin film. Machine learning-assisted X-ray nanodiffraction together with electron microscopy reveal multi-scale periodic domain formation at and below the film transition temperature (TFilm ~ 200-250 K) and a separate anisotropic spatial structure at and above TFilm. Local resistivity measurements imply an intrinsic coupling of the supercrystal orientation to the material's anisotropic conductivity. Our findings add an additional degree of complexity to the physical understanding of Mott transitions, opening opportunities for designing materials with tunable electronic properties.

Published
2023

6. Silicon Implantation and Annealing in $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$: Role of Ambient, Temperature, and Time

Author

Gann, K. R., Pieczulewski1, N., Gorsak, C. A., Heinselman, K., Asel, T. J., Noesges, B. A., Smith, K. T., Dryden, D. M., Xing, H. G., Nair, H. P., Muller, D. A., and Thompson, M. O.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Optimizing thermal anneals of Si-implanted $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ is critical for low resistance contacts and selective area doping. We report the impact of annealing ambient, temperature, and time on activation of room temperature ion-implanted Si in $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ at concentrations from 5x10$^{18}$ to 1x10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$, demonstrating full activation (>80% activation, mobilities >70 cm$^{2}$/Vs) with contact resistances below 0.29 $\Omega$-mm. Homoepitaxial $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ films, grown by plasma assisted MBE on Fe-doped (010) substrates, were implanted at multiple energies to yield 100 nm box profiles of 5x10$^{18}$, 5x10$^{19}$, and 1x10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$. Anneals were performed in a UHV-compatible quartz furnace at 1 bar with well-controlled gas composition. To maintain $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ stability, $p_{O2}$ must be greater than 10$^{-9}$ bar. Anneals up to $p_{O2}$ = 1 bar achieve full activation at 5x10$^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$, while 5x10$^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$ must be annealed with $p_{O2}$ <10$^{-4}$ bar and 1x10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ requires $p_{O2}$ <10$^{-6}$ bar. Water vapor prevents activation and must be maintained below 10$^{-8}$ bar. Activation is achieved for anneal temperatures as low as 850 {\deg}C with mobility increasing with anneal temperature up to 1050 {\deg}C, though Si diffusion has been reported above 950 {\deg}C. At 950 {\deg}C, activation is maximized between 5 and 20 minutes with longer times resulting in decreased carrier activation (over-annealing). This over-annealing is significant for concentrations above 5x10$^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$ and occurs rapidly at 1x10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$. RBS (channeling) suggests damage recovery is seeded from remnant aligned $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ that remains after implantation; this conclusion is also supported by STEM showing retention of the $\beta$-phase with inclusions that resemble the $\gamma$-phase.

Published
2023

7. Caracterização morfológica de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.

Author

Gabriella Leite Vasconcelos, Filipe S. Fernandes, Amanda M. Amador, Katty A. M. Amador, and Nair H. C. Arriel

Subjects
Agriculture (General), S1-972, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

O gênero Jatropha tem ganhado espaço na cena agrária, visto o grande potencial sugerido a espécie Jatropha curcas L. , conhecida como pinhão manso. Contudo, cada vez mais tem-se buscado compreender espécies circumvizinhas da espécies em questão, em busca de melhorar a compreensão e obter mais informações para o melhoramento de culturas. Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill., ou pinhão bravo, a muito vem sido investigada, não apenas por sua proximidade com o pinhão manso, mas também por ser uma espécie utilizada medicinalmente à séculos, difundido através de tradição cultural empírica. A caracterização morfológica detalhada de espécies contribuem para compreensão desta como um todo, além de descrever caracteres que podem ser utilizados no melhoramento genético, assim, neste trabalho, visou-se uma caracterização descritiva detalhada da espécie J. mollissima.

Published
2014

8. Analysis of Gene Expression in Two Growth States of Xylella fastidiosa and Its Relationship with Pathogenicity

Author

Alessandra A. de Souza, Marco A. Takita, Helvécio D. Coletta-Filho, Camila Caldana, Gustavo H. Goldman, Giane M. Yanai, Nair H. Muto, Regina C. de Oliveira, Luiz R. Nunes, and Marcos A. Machado

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen responsible for diseases of economically important crops. Although there is considerable disagreement about its mechanism of pathogenicity, blockage of the vessels is one of the most accepted hypotheses. Loss of virulence by this bacterium was observed after serial passages in axenic culture. To confirm the loss of pathogenicity of X. fastidiosa, the causing agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), freshly-isolated bacteria (first passage [FP]condition) as well as bacteria obtained after 46 passages in axenic culture (several passage [SP]condition) were inoculated into sweet orange and periwinkle plants. Using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we verified that the colonization of FP cells was more efficient for both hosts. The sequence of the complete X. fastidiosa genome allowed the construction of a DNA microarray that was used to investigate the total changes in gene expression associated with the FP condition. Most genes found to be induced in the FP condition were associated with adhesion and probably with adaptation to the host environment. This report represents the first study of the transcriptome of this pathogen, which has recently gained more importance, since the genome of several strains has been either partially or entirely sequenced.

Published
2003
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10. Low Temperature Domain Wall Freezing and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in the Transverse-Field Ising Model Material CoNb$_2$O$_6$

Author

Sarkis, C. L., Säubert, S., Williams, V., Choi, E. S., Reeder, T. R., Nair, H. S., and Ross, K. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

CoNb$_2$O$_6$ is a rare realization of the transverse field Ising model (TFIM), making it a useful tool for studying both equilibrium and non-equilibrium many-body quantum physics. Despite a large body of work dedicated to characterizing this material, details of the ordered states in the presence of relatively weak transverse fields have not been discussed in detail. Here, we present a detailed study of CoNb$_2$O$_6$ via ac susceptibility measurements in order to further characterize its low temperature behavior in the presence of a transverse field. Specifically, we call attention to an unconventional freezing transition in zero-field below T$_F$ = 1.2~K, occurring \emph{within} the well-known commensurate antiferromagnetic (CAFM) state that onsets at $T_{N2}$ = 1.9~K. We performed a series of transverse-field quenches into this frozen state, which resulted in a slowly relaxing susceptibility, $\chi^{\prime}(t)$, that followed a logarithmic decay within the time range measured. We discuss the frozen state in the context of the freezing of previously discussed "free" chains arising from domain walls between the four degenerate sublattices of the CAFM state. We also attempted to observe Kibble-Zurek scaling by quenching the transverse field into the frozen state at different rates. This produced a null result; the behavior can be fully explained by coarsening of domains over the timescale of the quenches. The absence of a clear Kibble-Zurek scaling is itself surprising, given the proposed ubiquity of the phenomenon for general second order phase transitions.

Published
2021
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11. Separated transport relaxation scales and interband scattering in SrRuO$_3$, CaRuO$_3$, and Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ thin films

Author

Wang, Youcheng, Nair, H. P., Schreiber, N. J., Ruf, J. P., Cheng, Bing, Schlom, D. G., Shen, K. M., and Armitage, N. P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The anomalous charge transport observed in some strongly correlated metals raises questions as to the universal applicability of Landau Fermi liquid theory. The coherence temperature $T_{FL}$ for normal metals is usually taken to be the temperature below which $T^2$ is observed in the resistivity. Below this temperature, a Fermi liquid with well-defined quasiparticles is expected. However, metallic ruthenates in the Ruddlesden-Popper family, frequently show non-Drude low-energy optical conductivity and unusual $\omega/T$ scaling, despite the frequent observation of $T^2$ dc resistivity. Herein we report time-domain THz spectroscopy measurements of several different high-quality metallic ruthenate thin films and show that the optical conductivity can be interpreted in more conventional terms. In all materials, the conductivity has a two-Drude peak lineshape at low temperature and a crossover to a one-Drude peak lineshape at higher temperatures. The two-component low-temperature conductivity is indicative of two well-separated current relaxation rates for different conduction channels. We discuss three particular possibilities for the separation of rates: (a) Strongly energy-dependent inelastic scattering; (b) an almost-conserved pseudomomentum operator that overlaps with the current, giving rise to the narrower Drude peak; (c) the presence of multiple conduction channels that undergoes a crossover to stronger interband scattering at higher temperatures. None of these scenarios require the existence of exotic quasiparticles. The results may give insight into the possible significance of Hund's coupling in determining interband coupling in these materials. Our results also show a route towards understanding the violation of Matthiessen's rule in this class of materials and deviations from the "Gurzhi" scaling relations in Fermi liquids., Comment: 8 figures. No Supplemental Materials

Published
2020
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12. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Author

Judge, PK, Staplin, N, Mayne, KJ, Wanner, C, Green, JB, Hauske, SJ, Emberson, JR, Preiss, D, Ng, SYA, Roddick, AJ, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Hill, M, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Brenner, S, Cheung, AK, Liu, ZH, Li, J, Hooi, LS, Liu, WJ, Kadowaki, T, Nangaku, M, Levin, A, Cherney, D, Maggioni, AP, Pontremoli, R, Deo, R, Goto, S, Rossello, X, Tuttle, KR, Steubl, D, Massey, D, Landray, MJ, Baigent, C, Haynes, R, Herrington, WG, Abat, S, Abd Rahman, R, Abdul Cader, R, Abdul Hafidz, MI, Abdul Wahab, MZ, Abdullah, NK, Abdul-Samad, T, Abe, M, Abraham, N, Acheampong, S, Achiri, P, Acosta, JA, Adeleke, A, Adell, V, Adewuyi-Dalton, R, Adnan, N, Africano, A, Agharazii, M, Aguilar, F, Aguilera, A, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, MK, Ahmad, NA, Ahmad, NH, Ahmad, NI, Ahmad Miswan, N, Ahmad Rosdi, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, S, Aiello, J, Aitken, A, AitSadi, R, Aker, S, Akimoto, S, Akinfolarin, A, Akram, S, Alberici, F, Albert, C, Aldrich, L, Alegata, M, Alexander, L, Alfaress, S, Alhadj Ali, M, Ali, A, Alicic, R, Aliu, A, Almaraz, R, Almasarwah, R, Almeida, J, Aloisi, A, Al-Rabadi, L, Alscher, D, Alvarez, P, Al-Zeer, B, Amat, M, Ambrose, C, Ammar, H, An, Y, Andriaccio, L, Ansu, K, Apostolidi, A, Arai, N, Araki, H, Araki, S, Arbi, A, Arechiga, O, Armstrong, S, Arnold, T, Aronoff, S, Arriaga, W, Arroyo, J, Arteaga, D, Asahara, S, Asai, A, Asai, N, Asano, S, Asawa, M, Asmee, MF, Aucella, F, Augustin, M, Avery, A, Awad, A, Awang, IY, Awazawa, M, Axler, A, Ayub, W, Azhari, Z, Baccaro, R, Badin, C, Bagwell, B, Bahlmann-Kroll, E, Bahtar, AZ, Bains, D, Bajaj, H, Baker, R, Baldini, E, Banas, B, Banerjee, D, Banno, S, Bansal, S, Barberi, S, Barnes, S, Barnini, C, Barot, C, Barrett, K, Barrios, R, Bartolomei Mecatti, B, Barton, I, Barton, J, Basily, W, Bavanandan, S, Baxter, A, Becker, L, Beddhu, S, Beige, J, Beigh, S, Bell, S, Benck, U, Beneat, A, Bennett, A, Bennett, D, Benyon, S, Berdeprado, J, Bergler, T, Bergner, A, Berry, M, Bevilacqua, M, Bhairoo, J, Bhandari, S, Bhandary, N, Bhatt, A, Bhattarai, M, Bhavsar, M, Bian, W, Bianchini, F, Bianco, S, Bilous, R, Bilton, J, Bilucaglia, D, Bird, C, Birudaraju, D, Biscoveanu, M, Blake, C, Bleakley, N, Bocchicchia, K, Bodine, S, Bodington, R, Boedecker, S, Bolduc, M, Bolton, S, Bond, C, Boreky, F, Boren, K, Bouchi, R, Bough, L, Bovan, D, Bowler, C, Bowman, L, Brar, N, Braun, C, Breach, A, Breitenfeldt, M, Brettschneider, B, Brewer, A, Brewer, G, Brindle, V, Brioni, E, Brown, C, Brown, H, Brown, L, Brown, R, Brown, S, Browne, D, Bruce, K, Brueckmann, M, Brunskill, N, Bryant, M, Brzoska, M, Bu, Y, Buckman, C, Budoff, M, Bullen, M, Burke, A, Burnette, S, Burston, C, Busch, M, Bushnell, J, Butler, S, Büttner, C, Byrne, C, Caamano, A, Cadorna, J, Cafiero, C, Cagle, M, Cai, J, Calabrese, K, Calvi, C, Camilleri, B, Camp, S, Campbell, D, Campbell, R, Cao, H, Capelli, I, Caple, M, Caplin, B, Cardone, A, Carle, J, Carnall, V, Caroppo, M, Carr, S, Carraro, G, Carson, M, Casares, P, Castillo, C, Castro, C, Caudill, B, Cejka, V, Ceseri, M, Cham, L, Chamberlain, A, Chambers, J, Chan, CBT, Chan, JYM, Chan, YC, Chang, E, Chant, T, Chavagnon, T, Chellamuthu, P, Chen, F, Chen, J, Chen, P, Chen, TM, Chen, Y, Cheng, C, Cheng, H, Cheng, MC, Ching, CH, Chitalia, N, Choksi, R, Chukwu, C, Chung, K, Cianciolo, G, Cipressa, L, Clark, S, Clarke, H, Clarke, R, Clarke, S, Cleveland, B, Cole, E, Coles, H, Condurache, L, Connor, A, Convery, K, Cooper, A, Cooper, N, Cooper, Z, Cooperman, L, Cosgrove, L, Coutts, P, Cowley, A, Craik, R, Cui, G, Cummins, T, Dahl, N, Dai, H, Dajani, L, D'Amelio, A, Damian, E, Damianik, K, Danel, L, Daniels, C, Daniels, T, Darbeau, S, Darius, H, Dasgupta, T, Davies, J, Davies, L, Davis, A, Davis, J, Davis, L, Dayanandan, R, Dayi, S, Dayrell, R, De Nicola, L, Debnath, S, Deeb, W, Degenhardt, S, DeGoursey, K, Delaney, M, DeRaad, R, Derebail, V, Dev, D, Devaux, M, Dhall, P, Dhillon, G, Dienes, J, Dobre, M, Doctolero, E, Dodds, V, Domingo, D, Donaldson, D, Donaldson, P, Donhauser, C, Donley, V, Dorestin, S, Dorey, S, Doulton, T, Draganova, D, Draxlbauer, K, Driver, F, Du, H, Dube, F, Duck, T, Dugal, T, Dugas, J, Dukka, H, Dumann, H, Durham, W, Dursch, M, Dykas, R, Easow, R, Eckrich, E, Eden, G, Edmerson, E, Edwards, H, Ee, LW, Eguchi, J, Ehrl, Y, Eichstadt, K, Eid, W, Eilerman, B, Ejima, Y, Eldon, H, Ellam, T, Elliott, L, Ellison, R, Emberson, J, Epp, R, Er, A, Espino-Obrero, M, Estcourt, S, Estienne, L, Evans, G, Evans, J, Evans, S, Fabbri, G, Fajardo-Moser, M, Falcone, C, Fani, F, Faria-Shayler, P, Farnia, F, Farrugia, D, Fechter, M, Fellowes, D, Feng, F, Fernandez, J, Ferraro, P, Field, A, Fikry, S, Finch, J, Finn, H, Fioretto, P, Fish, R, Fleischer, A, Fleming-Brown, D, Fletcher, L, Flora, R, Foellinger, C, Foligno, N, Forest, S, Forghani, Z, Forsyth, K, Fottrell-Gould, D, Fox, P, Frankel, A, Fraser, D, Frazier, R, Frederick, K, Freking, N, French, H, Froment, A, Fuchs, B, Fuessl, L, Fujii, H, Fujimoto, A, Fujita, A, Fujita, K, Fujita, Y, Fukagawa, M, Fukao, Y, Fukasawa, A, Fuller, T, Funayama, T, Fung, E, Furukawa, M, Furukawa, Y, Furusho, M, Gabel, S, Gaidu, J, Gaiser, S, Gallo, K, Galloway, C, Gambaro, G, Gan, CC, Gangemi, C, Gao, M, Garcia, K, Garcia, M, Garofalo, C, Garrity, M, Garza, A, Gasko, S, Gavrila, M, Gebeyehu, B, Geddes, A, Gentile, G, George, A, George, J, Gesualdo, L, Ghalli, F, Ghanem, A, Ghate, T, Ghavampour, S, Ghazi, A, Gherman, A, Giebeln-Hudnell, U, Gill, B, Gillham, S, Girakossyan, I, Girndt, M, Giuffrida, A, Glenwright, M, Glider, T, Gloria, R, Glowski, D, Goh, BL, Goh, CB, Gohda, T, Goldenberg, R, Goldfaden, R, Goldsmith, C, Golson, B, Gonce, V, Gong, Q, Goodenough, B, Goodwin, N, Goonasekera, M, Gordon, A, Gordon, J, Gore, A, Goto, H, Gowen, D, Grace, A, Graham, J, Grandaliano, G, Gray, M, Greene, T, Greenwood, G, Grewal, B, Grifa, R, Griffin, D, Griffin, S, Grimmer, P, Grobovaite, E, Grotjahn, S, Guerini, A, Guest, C, Gunda, S, Guo, B, Guo, Q, Haack, S, Haase, M, Haaser, K, Habuki, K, Hadley, A, Hagan, S, Hagge, S, Haller, H, Ham, S, Hamal, S, Hamamoto, Y, Hamano, N, Hamm, M, Hanburry, A, Haneda, M, Hanf, C, Hanif, W, Hansen, J, Hanson, L, Hantel, S, Haraguchi, T, Harding, E, Harding, T, Hardy, C, Hartner, C, Harun, Z, Harvill, L, Hasan, A, Hase, H, Hasegawa, F, Hasegawa, T, Hashimoto, A, Hashimoto, C, Hashimoto, M, Hashimoto, S, Haskett, S, Hawfield, A, Hayami, T, Hayashi, M, Hayashi, S, Hazara, A, Healy, C, Hecktman, J, Heine, G, Henderson, H, Henschel, R, Hepditch, A, Herfurth, K, Hernandez, G, Hernandez Pena, A, Hernandez-Cassis, C, Herzog, C, Hewins, S, Hewitt, D, Hichkad, L, Higashi, S, Higuchi, C, Hill, C, Hill, L, Himeno, T, Hing, A, Hirakawa, Y, Hirata, K, Hirota, Y, Hisatake, T, Hitchcock, S, Hodakowski, A, Hodge, W, Hogan, R, Hohenstatt, U, Hohenstein, B, Hooi, L, Hope, S, Hopley, M, Horikawa, S, Hosein, D, Hosooka, T, Hou, L, Hou, W, Howie, L, Howson, A, Hozak, M, Htet, Z, Hu, X, Hu, Y, Huang, J, Huda, N, Hudig, L, Hudson, A, Hugo, C, Hull, R, Hume, L, Hundei, W, Hunt, N, Hunter, A, Hurley, S, Hurst, A, 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2024
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13. Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial

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Staplin, N, Haynes, R, Judge, PK, Wanner, C, Green, JB, Emberson, J, Preiss, D, Mayne, KJ, Ng, SYA, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Hill, M, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Brenner, S, Cheung, AK, Liu, ZH, Li, J, Hooi, LS, Liu, WJ, Kadowaki, T, Nangaku, M, Levin, A, Cherney, D, Maggioni, AP, Pontremoli, R, Deo, R, Goto, S, Rossello, X, Tuttle, KR, Steubl, D, Petrini, M, Seidi, S, Landray, MJ, Baigent, C, Herrington, WG, Abat, S, Abd Rahman, R, Abdul Cader, R, Abdul Hafidz, MI, Abdul Wahab, MZ, Abdullah, NK, Abdul-Samad, T, Abe, M, Abraham, N, Acheampong, S, Achiri, P, Acosta, JA, Adeleke, A, Adell, V, Adewuyi-Dalton, R, Adnan, N, Africano, A, Agharazii, M, Aguilar, F, Aguilera, A, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, MK, Ahmad, NA, Ahmad, NH, Ahmad, NI, Ahmad Miswan, N, Ahmad Rosdi, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, S, Aiello, J, Aitken, A, AitSadi, R, Aker, S, Akimoto, S, Akinfolarin, A, Akram, S, Alberici, F, Albert, C, Aldrich, L, Alegata, M, Alexander, L, Alfaress, S, Alhadj Ali, M, Ali, A, Alicic, R, Aliu, A, Almaraz, R, 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K, Tanaka, A, Tanaka, N, Tang, S, Tang, Z, Tanigaki, K, Tarlac, M, Tatsuzawa, A, Tay, JF, Tay, LL, Taylor, J, Taylor, K, Te, A, Tenbusch, L, Teng, KS, Terakawa, A, Terry, J, Tham, ZD, Tholl, S, Thomas, G, Thong, KM, Tietjen, D, Timadjer, A, Tindall, H, Tipper, S, Tobin, K, Toda, N, Tokuyama, A, Tolibas, M, Tomita, A, Tomita, T, Tomlinson, J, Tonks, L, Topf, J, Topping, S, Torp, A, Torres, A, Totaro, F, Toth, P, Toyonaga, Y, Tripodi, F, Trivedi, K, Tropman, E, Tschope, D, Tse, J, Tsuji, K, Tsunekawa, S, Tsunoda, R, Tucky, B, Tufail, S, Tuffaha, A, Turan, E, Turner, H, Turner, J, Turner, M, Tye, YL, Tyler, A, Tyler, J, Uchi, H, Uchida, H, Uchida, T, Udagawa, T, Ueda, S, Ueda, Y, Ueki, K, Ugni, S, Ugwu, E, Umeno, R, Unekawa, C, Uozumi, K, Urquia, K, Valleteau, A, Valletta, C, van Erp, R, Vanhoy, C, Varad, V, Varma, R, Varughese, A, Vasquez, P, Vasseur, A, Veelken, R, Velagapudi, C, Verdel, K, Vettoretti, S, Vezzoli, G, Vielhauer, V, Viera, R, Vilar, E, Villaruel, S, Vinall, L, Vinathan, J, Visnjic, M, Voigt, E, von-Eynatten, M, Vourvou, M, Wada, J, Wada, T, Wada, Y, Wakayama, K, Wakita, Y, Walters, T, Wan Mohamad, WH, Wang, L, Wang, W, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wanninayake, S, Watada, H, Watanabe, K, Watanabe, M, Waterfall, H, Watkins, D, Watson, S, Weaving, L, Weber, B, Webley, Y, Webster, A, Webster, M, Weetman, M, Wei, W, Weihprecht, H, Weiland, L, Weinmann-Menke, J, Weinreich, T, Wendt, R, Weng, Y, Whalen, M, Whalley, G, Wheatley, R, Wheeler, A, Wheeler, J, Whelton, P, White, K, Whitmore, B, Whittaker, S, Wiebel, J, Wiley, J, Wilkinson, L, Willett, M, Williams, A, Williams, E, Williams, K, Williams, T, Wilson, A, Wilson, P, Wincott, L, Wines, E, Winkelmann, B, Winkler, M, Winter-Goodwin, B, Witczak, J, Wittes, J, Wittmann, M, Wolf, G, Wolf, L, Wolfling, R, Wong, C, Wong, E, Wong, HS, Wong, LW, Wong, YH, Wonnacott, A, Wood, A, Wood, L, Woodhouse, H, Wooding, N, Woodman, A, Wren, K, Wu, J, Wu, P, Xia, S, Xiao, H, Xiao, X, Xie, Y, Xu, C, Xu, Y, Xue, H, Yahaya, H, Yalamanchili, H, Yamada, A, Yamada, N, Yamagata, K, Yamaguchi, M, Yamaji, Y, Yamamoto, A, Yamamoto, S, Yamamoto, T, Yamanaka, A, Yamano, T, Yamanouchi, Y, Yamasaki, N, Yamasaki, Y, Yamashita, C, Yamauchi, T, Yan, Q, Yanagisawa, E, Yang, F, Yang, L, Yano, S, Yao, S, Yao, Y, Yarlagadda, S, Yasuda, Y, Yiu, V, Yokoyama, T, Yoshida, S, Yoshidome, E, Yoshikawa, H, Young, A, Young, T, Yousif, V, Yu, H, Yu, Y, Yuasa, K, Yusof, N, Zalunardo, N, Zander, B, Zani, R, Zappulo, F, Zayed, M, Zemann, B, Zettergren, P, Zhang, H, Zhang, L, Zhang, N, Zhang, X, Zhao, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, S, Zhao, Z, Zhong, H, Zhou, N, Zhou, S, Zhu, L, Zhu, S, Zietz, M, Zippo, M, Zirino, F, and Zulkipli, FH

Published
2024
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14. Inhomogeneous ferromagnetism mimics signatures of the topological Hall effect in SrRuO$_3$ films

Author

Kim, Gideok, Son, K., Suyolcu, Y. E., Miao, L., Schreiber, N. J., Nair, H. P., Putzky, D., Minola, M., Christiani, G., van Aken, P. A., Shen, K. M., Schlom, D. G., Logvenov, G., and Keimer, B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Topological transport phenomena in magnetic materials are a major topic of current condensed matter research. One of the most widely studied phenomena is the ``topological Hall effect'' (THE), which is generated via spin-orbit interactions between conduction electrons and topological spin textures such as skyrmions. We report a comprehensive set of Hall effect and magnetization measurements on epitaxial films of the prototypical ferromagnetic metal SrRuO$_3$ the magnetic and transport properties of which were systematically modulated by varying the concentration of Ru vacancies. We observe Hall effect anomalies that closely resemble signatures of the THE, but a quantitative analysis demonstrates that they result from inhomogeneities in the ferromagnetic magnetization caused by a non-random distribution of Ru vacancies. As such inhomogeneities are difficult to avoid and are rarely characterized independently, our results call into question the identification of topological spin textures in numerous prior transport studies of quantum materials, heterostructures, and devices. Firm conclusions regarding the presence of such textures must meet stringent conditions such as probes that couple directly to the non-collinear magnetization on the atomic scale.

Published
2020
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15. Sub-THz momentum drag and violation of Matthiessen's rule in an ultraclean ferromagnetic SrRuO$_3$ metallic thin film

Author

Wang, Youcheng, Bosse, G., Nair, H. P., Schreiber, N. J., Ruf, J. P., Cheng, B., Adamo, C., Shai, D. E., Lubashevsky, Y., Schlom, D. G., Shen, K. M., and Armitage, N. P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

SrRuO$_3$, a ferromagnet with an approximately 160\,K Curie temperature, exhibits a $T^2$ dependent dc resistivity below $\approx$ 30 K. Nevertheless, previous optical studies in the infrared and terahertz range show non-Drude dynamics at low temperatures which seem to contradict a Fermi-liquid picture with long-lived quasiparticles. In this work, we measure the low-frequency THz range response of thin films with residual resistivity ratios, $\rho_{300K}/ \rho_{4K} \approx$ 74. Such low disorder samples allow an unprecedented look at the effects of electron-electron interactions on low-frequency transport. At temperatures below 30 K, we found both a very sharp zero-frequency mode which has a width narrower than $k_BT/\hbar$ as well as a broader zero frequency Lorentzian that has at least an order of magnitude larger scattering rate. Both features have temperature dependencies consistent with a Fermi-liquid with the wider feature explicitly showing a T$^2$ scaling. Such two -Drude transport sheds light on previous reports of the violation of Mathielssen's rule and extreme sensitivity to disorder in metallic ruthenates. We consider a number of possibilities for the origin of the two feature optical conductivity including multiband effects that arise from momentum conserving interband scattering and the approximate conservation of a pseudo-momentum that arises from quasi-1D Fermi surfaces., Comment: main text 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2020
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16. Unravelling competing microscopic interactions at a phase boundary: a single crystal study of the metastable antiferromagnetic pyrochlore Yb$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$

Author

Sarkis, C. L., Rau, J. G., Sanjeewa, L. D., Powell, M., Kolis, J., Marbey, J., Hill, S., Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A., Nair, H. S., Yahne, D. R., Säubert, S., Gingras, M. J. P., and Ross, K. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements from our newly synthesized single crystals of the structurally metastable antiferromagnetic pyrochlore Yb$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$. We determine the four symmetry-allowed nearest-neighbor anisotropic exchange parameters via fits to linear spin wave theory supplemented by fits of the high-temperature specific heat. The exchange parameters so-determined are strongly correlated to the values determined for the $g$-tensor components, as previously observed for the related Yb pyrochlore Yb$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$. To address this issue, we directly determined the $g$-tensor from electron paramagnetic resonance of 1% Yb-doped Lu$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$, thus enabling an unambiguous determination of the exchange parameters. Our results show that Yb$_{2}$Ge$_{2}$O$_{7}$ resides extremely close to the classical phase boundary between an antiferromagnetic $\Gamma_5$ phase and a splayed ferromagnet phase. By juxtaposing our results with recent ones on Yb$_{2}$Ti$_{2}$O$_{7}$, our work illustrates that the Yb pyrochlore oxides represent ideal systems for studying quantum magnets in close proximity to classical phase boundaries.

Published
2019
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17. Signatures of low-dimensional magnetism and short-range magnetic order in Co-based trirutiles

Author

Baral, R., Fierro, H. S., Rueda, C., Sahu, B., Strydom, A. M., Poudel, N., Gofryk, K., Manciu, F. S., Ritter, C., Heitmann, T. W., Belbasey, B. P., Batiy, S., Ghimire, M. P., and Nair, H. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Features of low dimensional magnetism resulting from a square-net arrangement of Co atoms in trirutile CoTa$_2$O$_6$ is studied in the present work by means of density functional theory and is compared with the experimental results of specific heat and neutron diffraction. The small total energy differences between the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) configuration of CoTa$_2$O$_6$ shows that competing magnetic ground states exist, with the possibility of transition from FM to AFM phase at low temperature. Our calculation further suggests the semi-conducting behavior for CoTa$_2$O$_6$ with a band gap of $\sim$0.41 eV. The calculated magnetic anisotropy energy is $\sim$2.5 meV with its easy axis along the [100] (in-plane) direction. Studying the evolution of magnetism in Co$_{1-x}$Mg$_x$Ta$_2$O$_6$ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1). it is found that the sharp AFM transition exhibited by CoTa$_2$O$_6$ at $T_N$ = 6.2 K in its heat capacity vanishes with Mg-dilution, indicating the obvious effect of weakening the superexchange pathways of Co. The current specific heat study reveals the robust nature of $T_N$ for CoTa$_2$O$_6$ in applied magnetic fields. Clear indication of short-range magnetism is obtained from the magnetic entropy, however, diffuse components are absent in neutron diffraction data. At $T_N$, CoTa$_2$O$_6$ enters a long-range ordered magnetic state which can be described using a propagation vector, (1/4, 1/4, 0). Upon Mg-dilution at $x \geq$0.1, the long-range ordered magnetism is destroyed. The present results should motivate an investigation of magnetic excitations in this low-dimensional anisotropic magnet., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, double column. Accepted to Phys Rev B

Published
2019

18. Electronic and vibrational signatures of ruthenium vacancies in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ thin films

Author

Kim, Gideok, Suyolcu, Y. Eren, Herrero-Martin, J., Putzky, D., Nair, H. P., Ruf, J. P., Schreiber, N. J., Dietl, C., Christiani, G., Logvenov, G., Minola, M., van Aken, P. A., Shen, K. M., Schlom, D. G., and Keimer, B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The synthesis of stoichiometric Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ thin films has been a challenge because of the high volatility of ruthenium oxide precursors, which gives rise to ruthenium vacancies in the films. Ru vacancies greatly affect the transport properties and electronic phase behavior of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, but their direct detection is difficult due to their atomic dimensions and low concentration. We applied polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge and confocal Raman spectroscopy to Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ thin films synthesized under different conditions. The results show that these methods can serve as sensitive probes of the electronic and vibrational properties of Ru vacancies, respectively. The intensities of the vacancy-related spectroscopic features extracted from these measurements are well correlated with the transport properties of the films. The methodology introduced here can thus help to understand and control the stoichiometry and transport properties in films of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and other ruthenates.

Published
2019
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19. Antiferromagnetism and the emergence of frustration in saw-tooth lattice chalcogenide olivines Mn$_2$SiS$_{4-x}$Se$_x$ ($x$ = 0 $\textendash$ 4)

Author

Nhalil, H., Baral, R., Khamala, B. O., Cosio, A., Singamaneni, S. R., Fitta, M., Antonio, D., Gofryk, K., Zope, R. R., Baruah, T., Saparov, B., and Nair, H. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The magnetism in the saw-tooth lattice of Mn in the olivine chalcogenides, Mn$_2$SiS$_{4-x}$Se$_x$ ($x$ = 1$\textendash$4) is studied in detail by analyzing their magnetization, specific heat and thermal conductivity properties and complemented with density functional theory calculations. The air-stable chalcogenides are antiferromagnets and show a linear trend in the transition temperature, $T_N$ as a function of Se-content ($x$) which shows a decrease from $T_N \approx$ 86~K for {\mss} to 66~K for {\msse}. Additional new magnetic anomalies are revealed at low temperatures for all the compositions. Magnetization irreversibilities are also observed as a function of $x$. The specific heat and the magnetic entropy indicate the presence of short-range spin fluctuations in Mn$_2$SiS$_{4-x}$Se$_x$. A spin-flop antiferromagnetic phase transition in the presence of applied magnetic field is present in Mn$_2$SiS$_{4-x}$Se$_x$, where the critical field for the spin flop increases from $x$ = 0 towards 4 in a non-linear fashion. Density functional theory calculations show that an overall antiferromagnetic structure with ferromagnetic coupling of the spins in the $ab$-plane minimizes the total energy. The band structures calculated for \mss\ and \msse\ reveal features near the band edges similar to those reported for Fe-based olivines suggested as thermoelectrics; however the experimentally determined thermal transport data do not support superior thermoelectric features. The transition from long-range magnetic order in \mss\ to short-range order and spin fluctuations in \msse\ is explained using the variation of the Mn-Mn distances in the triangle units that constitutes the saw-tooth lattice upon progressive replacement of sulphur with selenium., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRB

Published
2019

20. Contrasting the magnetism in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$FeCoO$_6$ ($x$ = 0, 1, 2) double perovskites: the role of electronic and cationic disorder

Author

Haripriya, G. R., Kumar, C. M. N., Pradheesh, R., Martinez, L. M., Saiz, C. L., Singamaneni, S. R., Chatterji, T., Sankaranarayanan, V., Sethupathi, K., Kiefer, B., and Nair, H. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The magnetism of the double perovskite compounds \SLFCOx\ ($x$ = 0, 1, 2) are contrasted using magnetization, neutron diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance with the support from density functional theory calculations. \LFCO\ is identified as a long-range ordered antiferromagnet displaying a near-room temperature transition at $T_N$ = 270~K, accompanied by a low temperature structural phase transition at $T_S$ = 200~K. The structural phase transformation at $T_S$ occurs from $R\overline{3}c$ at 300~K to $Pnma$ at 200~K. The density functional theory calculations support an insulating non-compensated AFM structure. The long-range ordered magnetism of \LFCO\ transforms to short-range glassy magnetism as La is replaced with Sr in the other two compounds. The magnetism of \LFCO\ is differentiated from the non-equilibrium glassy features of \SFCO\ and \SLFCO\ using the {\em cooling-and-heating-in-unequal-fields} (CHUF) magnetization protocols. This contransting magnetism in the \SLFCOx\ series is evidenced in electron paramegnetic resonance studies. The electronic density-of-states estimated using the density functional theory calculations contrast the insulating feature of \LFCO\ from the metallic nature of \SFCO. From the present suite of experimental and computational results on \SLFCOx, it emerges that the electronic degrees of freedom, along with antisite disorder, play an important role in controlling the magnetism observed in double perovskites., Comment: 9 pages double column, 5 figures, accepted to PRB

Published
2019
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22. Workshop on the design and use of clinical trials with multiple endpoints, with a focus on prevention of RSV

Author

Prunas, O., primary, Willemsen, J., additional, Warren, J.L., additional, Bont, L., additional, Schwartz, J.L., additional, Atwell, J., additional, Begier, E., additional, Dean, N., additional, Hirsch, I., additional, Karron, R., additional, Klugman, K., additional, Kramer, R., additional, Leidman, E., additional, Link-Gelles, R., additional, Nair, H., additional, Panozzo, CA., additional, Pelfrene, E., additional, Simões, E.A.F., additional, Smith, P.G., additional, Srikantiah, P., additional, Sundaram, M.E., additional, Thindwa, D., additional, Vaughn, D.W., additional, Wilson, E., additional, Zar, H.J., additional, Pitzer, V.E., additional, and Weinberger, D.M., additional

Published
2024
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23. Novel Strongly Spin-Orbit Coupled Quantum Dimer Magnet: Yb$_2$Si$_2$O$_7$

Author

Hester, Gavin, Nair, H. S., Reeder, T., Yahne, D. R., DeLazzer, T. N., Berges, L., Ziat, D., Neilson, J. R., Aczel, A. A., Sala, G., Quilliam, J. A., and Ross, K. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The quantum dimer magnet (QDM) is the canonical example of quantum magnetism. The QDM state consists of entangled nearest-neighbor spin dimers and often exhibits a field-induced triplon Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) phase. We report on a new QDM in the strongly spin-orbit coupled, distorted honeycomb-lattice material Yb$_2$Si$_2$O$_7$. Our single crystal neutron scattering, specific heat, and ultrasound velocity measurements reveal a gapped singlet ground state at zero field with sharp, dispersive excitations. We find a field-induced magnetically ordered phase reminiscent of a BEC phase, with exceptionally low critical fields of $H_{c1} \sim 0.4$ T and $H_{c2} \sim 1.4$ T. Using inelastic neutron scattering in an applied magnetic field we observe a Goldstone mode (gapless to within $\delta E$ = 0.037 meV) that persists throughout the entire field-induced magnetically ordered phase, suggestive of the spontaneous breaking of U(1) symmetry expected for a triplon BEC. However, in contrast to other well-known cases of this phase, the high-field ($\mu$$_0$$H\geq1.2$T) part of the phase diagram in Yb$_2$Si$_2$O$_7$ is interrupted by an unusual regime signaled by a change in the field dependence of the ultrasound velocity and magnetization, as well as the disappearance of a sharp anomaly in the specific heat. These measurements raise the question of how anisotropy in strongly spin-orbit coupled materials modifies the field induced phases of QDMs., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 12 pages of Supplemental Information, 15 Supplemental figures. Updated to published version

Published
2018
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24. Behavior of the breathing pyrochlore lattice Ba$_3$Yb$_2$Zn$_5$O$_{11}$ in applied magnetic field

Author

Rau, J. G., Wu, L. S., May, A. F., Taylor, A. E., Liu, I-Lin, Higgins, J., Butch, N. P., Ross, K. A., Nair, H. S., Lumsden, M. D., Gingras, M. J. P., and Christianson, A. D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The breathing pyrochlore lattice material Ba$_3$Yb$_2$Zn$_5$O$_{11}$ exists in the nearly decoupled limit, in contrast to most other well-studied breathing pyrochlore compounds. As a result, it constitutes a useful platform to benchmark theoretical calculations of exchange interactions in insulating Yb$^{3+}$ magnets. Here we study Ba$_3$Yb$_2$Zn$_5$O$_{11}$ at low temperatures in applied magnetic fields as a further probe of the physics of this model system. Experimentally, we consider the behavior of polycrystalline samples of Ba$_3$Yb$_2$Zn$_5$O$_{11}$ with a combination of inelastic neutron scattering and heat capacity measurements down to 75 mK and up to fields of 10 T. Consistent with previous work, inelastic neutron scattering finds a level crossing near 3 T, but no significant dispersion of the spin excitations is detected up to the highest applied fields. Refinement of the theoretical model previously determined at zero field can reproduce much of the inelastic neutron scattering spectra and specific heat data. A notable exception is a low temperature peak in the specific heat near 0.1 K. This may indicate the scale of interactions between tetrahedra or may reflect undetected disorder in Ba$_3$Yb$_2$Zn$_5$O$_{11}$., Comment: 7 pages 4 figures

Published
2018
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25. Hyperfine interaction and electronic spin fluctuation study on Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$FeCoO$_6$ (x = 0, 1, 2) by high-resolution back-scattering neutron spectroscopy

Author

Chatterji, T., Frick, B., Zamponi, M., Appel, M., Nair, H. S., Pradheesh, R., Hariprya, G. R., Sankaranarayanan, V., and Sethupathi, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The study of hyperfine interaction by high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering is not very well known compared to the other competing techniques viz. NMR, M\"ossbauer, PACS etc. Also the study is limited mostly to magnetically ordered systems. Here we report such study on Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$FeCoO$_6$ (x = 0, 1, 2) of which first (Sr$_2$FeCoO$_6$ with x = 0) has a canonical spin spin glass, the second (SrLaFeCoO$_6$ with x = 1) has a so-called magnetic glass and the third (La$_2$FeCoO$_6$ with x = 2) has a magnetically ordered ground state. Our present study revealed clear inelastic signal for SrLaFeCoO$_6$, possibly also inelastic signal for Sr$_2$FeCoO$_6$ below the spin freezing temperatures $T_{sf}$ but no inelastic signal at all for for the magnetically ordered La$_2$FeCoO$_6$ in the neutron scattering spectra. The broadened inelastic signals observed suggest hyperfine field distribution in the two disordered magnetic glassy systems and no signal for the third compound suggests no or very small hyperfine field at the Co nucleus due to Co electronic moment. For the two magnetic glassy system apart from the hyperfine signal due only to Co, we also observed electronic spin fluctuations probably from both Fe and Co electronic moments. \end{abstract}

Published
2018
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26. Short range order in the quantum XXZ honeycomb lattice material BaCo$_2$(PO$_4$)$_2$

Author

Nair, H. S., Brown, J. M., Coldren, E., Hester, G., Gelfand, M. P., Podlesnyak, A., Huang, Q., and Ross, K. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We present observations of highly frustrated quasi two-dimensional (2D) magnetic correlations in the honeycomb lattice layers of the S$_{eff}$ = 1/2 compound $\gamma$-BaCo$_2$(PO$_4$)$_2$ ($\gamma$-BCPO). Specific heat shows a broad peak comprised of two weak kink features at $T_{N1} \sim$ 6 K and $T_{N2} \sim$ 3.5 K, the relative weights of which can be modified by sample annealing. Neutron powder diffraction measurements reveal short range quasi-2D order that is established below $T_{N1}$ and $T_{N2}$, at which two separate, incompatible, short range magnetic orders onset: commensurate antiferromagnetic correlations with correlation length $\xi_c = 60\pm2$ \AA \ ($T_{N1}$) and in quasi-2D helical domains with $\xi_h = 350 \pm 11$ \AA \ ($T_{N2}$). The ac magnetic susceptibility response lacks frequency dependence, ruling out spin freezing. Inelastic neutron scattering data on $\gamma$-BCPO is compared with linear spin wave theory, and two separate parameter regions of the XXZ $J_1$-$J_2$-$J_3$ model with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange $J_1$ are favored, both near regions of high classical degeneracy. High energy coherent excitations ($\sim 10$ meV) persist up to at least 40 K, suggesting strong in-plane correlations persist above $T_N$. These data show that $\gamma$-BCPO is a rare highly frustrated, quasi-2D S$_{eff}$ = 1/2 honeycomb lattice material which resists long range magnetic order and spin freezing., Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures

Published
2017
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29. Ferromagnetism and conductivity in atomically thin SrRuO3

Author

Boschker, H., Harada, T., Asaba, T., Ashoori, R., Boris, A. V., Hilgenkamp, H., Hughes, C. R., Holtz, M. E., Li, L., Muller, D. A., Nair, H., Reith, P., Wang, X. Renshaw, Schlom, D. G., Soukiassian, A., and Mannhart, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Atomically thin ferromagnetic and conducting electron systems are highly desired for spintronics, because they can be controlled with both magnetic and electric fields. We present (SrRuO3)1-(SrTiO3)5 superlattices and single-unit-cell-thick SrRuO3 samples that are capped with SrTiO3. We achieve samples of exceptional quality. In these samples, the electron systems comprise only a single RuO2 plane. We observe conductivity down to 50 mK, a ferromagnetic state with a Curie temperature of 25 K, and signals of magnetism persisting up to approximately 100 K., Comment: The version published at Phys. Rev. X (open access) contains a large amount of additional material compared to the version published here

Published
2016
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30. Hyperfine and crystal field interactions in multiferroic HoCrO${_3}$

Author

Kumar, C M N, Xiao, Y, Nair, H S, Voigt, J, Schmitz, B, Chatterji, T, Jalarvo, N H, and Brückel, Th

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We report a comprehensive specific heat and inelastic neutron scattering study to explore the possible origin of multiferroicity in HoCrO$_3$. We have performed specific heat measurements in the temperature range 100 mK - 290 K and inelastic neutron scattering measurements were performed in the temperature range 1.5 - 200 K. From the specific heat data we determined hyperfine splitting at 22.5(2) $\mu$eV and crystal field transitions at 1.379(5) meV, 10.37(4) meV, 15.49(9) meV and 23.44(9) meV, indicating the existence of strong hyperfine and crystal field interactions in HoCrO$_3$. Further, an effective hyperfine field is determined to be 600(3) T. The quasielastic scattering observed in the inelastic scattering data and a large linear term $\gamma=6.3(8)$ mJmol$^{-1}$K$^{-2}$ in the specific heat is attributed to the presence of short range exchange interactions, which is understood to be contributing to the observed ferroelectricity. Further the nuclear and magnetic entropies were computed to be, $\sim$$17.2$ Jmol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ and $\sim$34 Jmol$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$, respectively. The entropy values are in excellent agreement with the limiting theoretical values. An anomaly is observed in peak position of the temperature dependent crystal field spectra around 60 K, at the same temperature an anomaly in the pyroelectric current is reported. From this we could elucidate a direct correlation between the crystal electric field excitations of Ho$^{3+}$ and ferroelectricity in HoCrO$_3$. Our present study along with recent reports confirm that HoCrO$_3$, and $R$CrO$_3$ ($R=$ Rare earth) in general, possess more than one driving force for the ferroelectricity and multiferroicity., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, published in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

Published
2016
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31. Workshop on the design and use of clinical trials with multiple endpoints, with a focus on prevention of RSV

Author

Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Infection & Immunity, CTI Bont, Zorg en O&O, Child Health, Prunas, O., Willemsen, J., Warren, J. L., Bont, L., Schwartz, J. L., Atwell, J., Begier, E., Dean, N., Hirsch, I., Karron, R., Klugman, K., Kramer, R., Leidman, E., Link-Gelles, R., Nair, H., Panozzo, CA A., Pelfrene, E., Simões, E. A.F., Smith, P. G., Srikantiah, P., Sundaram, M. E., Thindwa, D., Vaughn, D. W., Wilson, E., Zar, H. J., Pitzer, V. E., Weinberger, D. M., Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Infection & Immunity, CTI Bont, Zorg en O&O, Child Health, Prunas, O., Willemsen, J., Warren, J. L., Bont, L., Schwartz, J. L., Atwell, J., Begier, E., Dean, N., Hirsch, I., Karron, R., Klugman, K., Kramer, R., Leidman, E., Link-Gelles, R., Nair, H., Panozzo, CA A., Pelfrene, E., Simões, E. A.F., Smith, P. G., Srikantiah, P., Sundaram, M. E., Thindwa, D., Vaughn, D. W., Wilson, E., Zar, H. J., Pitzer, V. E., and Weinberger, D. M.

Published
2024

33. Digital terrain mapping by the OSIRIS-REx mission

Author

Barnouin, O.S., Daly, M.G., Palmer, E.E., Johnson, C.L., Gaskell, R.W., Al Asad, M., Bierhaus, E.B., Craft, K.L., Ernst, C.M., Espiritu, R.C., Nair, H., Neumann, G.A., Nguyen, L., Nolan, M.C., Mazarico, E., Perry, M.E., Philpott, L.C., Roberts, J.H., Steele, R.J., Seabrook, J., Susorney, H.C.M., Weirich, J.R., and Lauretta, D.S.

Published
2020
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34. Strain-stabilized superconductivity

Author

Ruf, J. P., Paik, H., Schreiber, N. J., Nair, H. P., Miao, L., Kawasaki, J. K., Nelson, J. N., Faeth, B. D., Lee, Y., Goodge, B. H., Pamuk, B., Fennie, C. J., Kourkoutis, L. F., Schlom, D. G., and Shen, K. M.

Published
2021
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35. A low-protein, high carbohydrate diet induces increase in serum adiponectin and preserves glucose homeostasis in rats

Author

PATRÍCIA CEOLIN, SUÉLEM A. DE FRANÇA, MENDALLI FROELICH, MAÍSA P. DOS SANTOS, MAYARA P. PEREIRA, THAÍS S. QUEIROZ, FLÁVIA H.S. DA SILVA, PATRÍCIA C. LISBOA, CLAUDIA M.B. ANDRADE, AMANDA M. BAVIERA, and NAIR H. KAWASHITA

Subjects
low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet, post-weaning period, HOMA-IR, adiponectin, Science
Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study was investigate the effects of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet introduced to rats soon after weaning. The animals were distributed in the following groups: LPHC45: fed an LPHC diet (6%-protein, 74%-carbohydrate) for 45 days; C45: fed a control (C) diet (17%-protein, 63%-carbohydrate) for 45 days; R (Reverse): fed with LPHC for 15 days followed by C diet for 30 days. The LPHC45 group showed alterations in the energetic balance with an increase in brown adipose tissue, and in glucose tolerance, and lower final body weight, muscle mass and total protein in blood when compared with C45 group. The HOMA-IR index was similar between LPHC45 and C45 groups, but this parameter was lower in LPHC45 compared with R groups. Serum adiponectin was higher in LPHC45 group than C45 and R groups. The R group presented higher fed insulin than C45 and LPHC45 and higher T4 compared with C45 group. Total cholesterol in R group was higher when compared with LPHC45 group. Thus, the data show that the change of the diet LPHC for a balanced diet led to different metabolic evolution and suggest that the different response can be due to different levels of adiponectin.

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36. Over 6 MV/cm operation in β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes with IrO2 and RuO2 anodes deposited by molecular beam epitaxy.

Author

Cromer, B., Saraswat, D., Pieczulewski, N., Li, W., Nomoto, K., Hensling, F. V. E., Azizie, K., Nair, H. P., Schlom, D. G., Muller, D. A., Jena, D., and Xing, H. G.

Subjects
MOLECULAR beam epitaxy, SCHOTTKY barrier diodes, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, POWER electronics, SPUTTER deposition, ELECTRIC fields
Abstract

β -Ga2O3 is actively touted as the next ultrawide bandgap material for power electronics. To fully utilize its high intrinsic critical electric field, development of high-quality robust large-barrier height junctions is essential. To this end, various high-work function metals, metal oxides, and hole-conducting oxides have been deposited on Ga2O3, primarily formed by sputter deposition. Unfortunately, reports to date indicate that measured barrier heights often deviate from the Schottky–Mott model as well as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) extractions of conduction band offsets, suggesting significant densities of electrically active defects at these junctions. We report Schottky diodes made from noble metal oxides, IrO2 and RuO2, deposited by ozone molecular beam epitaxy (ozone MBE) with barrier heights near 1.8 eV. These barriers show close agreement across extraction methods and robust to high surface electric fields upward of 6 MV/cm and 60 A/cm2 reverse current without degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. Accumulation and removal of Si impurities on β-Ga2O3 arising from ambient air exposure.

Author

McCandless, J. P., Gorsak, C. A., Protasenko, V., Schlom, D. G., Thompson, Michael O., Xing, H. G., Jena, D., and Nair, H. P.

Subjects
HYDROFLUORIC acid, SURFACE structure, TRANSISTORS
Abstract

Here, we report that a source of Si impurities commonly observed on (010) β-Ga2O3 is from exposure of the surface to air. Moreover, we find that a 15 min hydrofluoric acid (HF) (49%) treatment reduces the Si density by approximately 1 order of magnitude on (010) β-Ga2O3 surfaces. This reduction in Si is critical for the elimination of the often observed parasitic conducting channel, which negatively affects transport properties and lateral transistor performance. After the HF treatment, the sample must be immediately put under vacuum, for the Si fully returns within 10 min of additional air exposure. Finally, we demonstrate that performing a 30 min HF (49%) treatment on the substrate before growth has no deleterious effect on the structure or on the epitaxy surface after subsequent Ga2O3 growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. Effects of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet administered after weaning and the reversal of that diet in adult rats

Author

QUEIROZ, THAÍS S., ALLEBRANDT NETO, EDGAR W., SANTOS, MAÍSA P., CORREIA, FRANCYELE S., MAGALHÃES, DIEGO A., BUZELLE, SAMYRA L., PEREIRA, MAYARA P., FRANÇA, SUELÉM A., and KAWASHITA, NAIR H.

Subjects
hypoproteic-hyperglicidic diet, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic programming, Adiponectin
Abstract

To evaluate the effects in adults rats submitted of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC; 6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) diet and reversion (R) to a balanced diet introduced after weaning. Research methods & procedures: Male rats weigting approximately 100g (30 to 32 d old) were treated with control (C; 17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) or LPHC diets for 120 days. The reverse group (R) was treated with the LPHC diet for 15 days, and changed to C diet for another 105 days. Results: The LPHC group showed an increase in serum fasting triglycerides (TAG). Serum adiponectin was increased only in the LPHC group. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was decreased in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and cardiac muscles. The adiponectin receptor 1 content is the same among groups in the cardiac muscle, but it is lower in the EDL muscle in the LPHC group. In animals from the R group, these parameters are the same as the LPHC group. Thus, the LPHC diet administered for a long period, it promotes an increase in TAG. It is possible that there is adiponectin resistance in the EDL muscle, due to the lower LPL activity. The reversal of the LPHC diet did not normalize these parameters.

Published
2023

43. Global disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus in preterm children in 2019: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis protocol

Author

Wang, X, Li, Y, Shi, T, Ma, Y, Wahi-Singh, B, Riley, RD, Nair, H, Pollard, AJ, and Investigators, RESCEU

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, RSV, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Global Burden of Disease, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, global disease burden, preterm, Infant, Premature, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

Existing guidelines on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis differ greatly by gestational age (GA) and other underlying risk factors, highlighting the data gaps in RSV disease burden among preterm infants. We will conduct a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of RSV global disease burden among preterm-born children. Three databases, Medline, Embase, and Global Health, will be searched for relevant studies on RSV disease burden for 2019 or before in preterm-born children published between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2021. IPD will be sought by contacting the investigators identified from published literature and from existing collaboration networks. One-stage and 2-stage random-effects meta-analyses will be used to combine information from IPD and non-IPD studies to produce summary RSV burden estimates of incidence rate, hospital admission rate, and in-hospital case fatality ratio. The framework will be extended to examine subgroup(s) with the most substantial RSV disease burden.

Published
2023

44. Evaluation of community-based participatory governance interventions to improve access to health-related public entitlements in India

Author

Mayur Trivedi, Minjan Patel, Divya Nair H, and Bharati Sharma

Subjects
Health Policy, Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous)
Abstract

PurposeAs the investment in social and health protection remained poor in India, the most vulnerable citizens lack access to existing health related government initiatives with transformational benefits due mostly to the lack of “accurate information”. The purpose of this paper is to explore and demonstrate the impact of participation of the community through a structured intervention that promotes awareness, enables the community to ensure entitlements, and enhances the utilization of government initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThrough a baseline–endline study using a quasi-experimental design, this research provides empirical evidence of such intervention on awareness and utilization of health, nutrition and developmental initiatives. It involved survey of 400 households from the four study locations before and after the interventions. The pre-post estimation in the “proportion of respondents who were fully aware” was analyzed to measure changes in knowledge. Mc-Nemar test was applied to measure the statistical significance of these changes.FindingsThe results indicate that the intervention of “empowerment centers” has increased knowledge and utilization of the various government schemes, services and facilities that are routine and offer benefits all household members, in general, and women as well as children, in particular. The intervention was found to be successful in improving the local governance systems; empowering communities, linking communities and local level government systems across all sectors, as well as bringing in inter-sectoral linkages across governments systems.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough there have been many interventions of community participation for reducing inequities across the globe, there is a dearth of documentation and evidence generation. More efforts are required to evaluate such interventions, identify which interventions work and how they can be adapted to different contexts. This also requires exploration of the social processes and contextual realities underlying these interventions.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the authors, this research is one-of-its-kind that assessed an intervention targeting cross-cutting schemes and services, beyond just health interventions. The evidence points to the success of grassroots level inter-sectoral community actions, in the form of empowerment centers, to improve awareness and utilization of government interventions through participatory governance, and points to the expanding scope of learning and adapting such interventions to different contexts and scopes.

Published
2022

46. PD-0895 Response and survival function correlation with CyberKnife in 209 HCC pt with portal vein thrombus

Author

Dutta, D., primary, Sreenija, Y., additional, Reddy, S., additional, Nair, H., additional, SK, N., additional, Sasidharan, A., additional, Kannan, R., additional, George, S., additional, EH, A., additional, Haridas, N.K., additional, Jose, W., additional, Keechilat, P., additional, Valsan, A., additional, Koshy, A., additional, Balakrishnan, R., additional, Sadasivan, S., additional, Gopalakrishnan, U., additional, Balakrishnan, D., additional, OV, S., additional, and Surendran, S., additional

Published
2023
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47. Motorist’s Vestibular Disorientation Syndrome (MVDS)—Proposed Diagnostic Criteria

Author

Shouka, Vishal Pawar, Hanaan Ashraf, Srinivas Dorsala, Preethy Mary, Nazrin Hameed, Divya Nair H, Sweta Prakash Adatia, Leya Raj, and V. R. Ananthu

Subjects
spatial orientation, dizziness, disorientation, driving, vehicles
Abstract

Motorist’s vestibular disorientation syndrome (MVDS) is a disorder in which patients experience dizziness while driving. MVDS is under-reported in the literature, and in clinical practice, it often goes unrecognized. We identified clinical characteristics of patients with MVDS using data from 24 patients who faced difficulties while driving and were diagnosed with MVDS. Their symptoms, duration of illness, precipitating factors, co-morbidities, history of other neuro-otological disorders, severity of symptoms, and associated anxiety and depression were reviewed. Ocular motor movements were recorded using video-nystagmography. Patients with vestibular disorders that can cause similar symptoms while driving were excluded. The mean age of the patients was 45.7 ± 8.7 years, and most were professional drivers (90.5%). The duration of the illness ranged from eight days to ten years. Most patients presented with disorientation (79.2%) exclusively while driving. The most common triggers for symptoms were higher speeds, i.e., >80 km/h (66.7%), multi-lane roads (58.3%), bends and turns (50%), and looking at other vehicles or signals while driving (41.7%). A history of migraines was reported in 62.5% of the patients, and motion sickness was reported in 50% of the patients. Anxiety was reported in 34.3% of patients, and 15.7% had depression. The video-nystagmography did not show any specific abnormalities. Patients responded to drugs used in prophylactic treatments for migraines such as Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine, Bisoprolol, and Magnesium, and to Pregabalin and Gabapentin. Based on these findings, a classification system and a diagnostic criterion for MVDS were proposed.

Published
2023
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50. Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm:Methodology and applications

Author

Martin, H., Falconer, J., Addo-Yobo, E., Aneja, S., Arroyo, L. M., Asghar, R., Awasthi, S., Banajeh, S., Bari, A., Basnet, S., Bavdekar, A., Bhandari, N., Bhatnagar, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Brooks, A., Chadha, M., Chisaka, N., Chou, M., Clara, A. W., Colbourn, T., Cutland, C., D'Acremont, V., Echavarria, M., Gentile, A., Gessner, B., Gregory, C. J., Hazir, T., Hibberd, P. L., Hirve, S., Hooli, S., Iqbal, I., Jeena, P., Kartasasmita, C. B., King, C., Libster, R., Lodha, R., Lozano, J. M., Lucero, M., Lufesi, N., MacLeod, W. B., Madhi, S. A., Mathew, J. L., Maulen-Radovan, I., McCollum, E. D., Mino, G., Mwansambo, C., Neuman, M. I., Nguyen, N. T. V., Nunes, M. C., Nymadawa, P., O'Grady, K. F., Pape, J. W., Paranhos-Baccala, G., Patel, A., Picot, V. S., Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, M., Rasmussen, Z., Rouzier, V., Russomando, G., Ruvinsky, R. O., Sadruddin, S., Saha, S. K., Santosham, M., Singhi, S., Soofi, S., Strand, T. A., Sylla, M., Thamthitiwat, S., Thea, D. M., Turner, C., Vanhems, P., Wadhwa, N., Wang, J., Zaman, S. M., Campbell, H., Nair, H., Qazi, S. A., Nisar, Y. B., and World Health Organization Pneumonia Research Partnership to Asse

Subjects
Male, Health Policy, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Pneumonia, World Health Organization, Pneumonia/drug therapy, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Child, Case Management, Algorithms
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-existing studies on pneumonia in children to identify a set of signs and symptoms with greater validity in the diagnosis, prognosis, and possible treatment of childhood pneumonia for the improvement of current pneumonia case management guidelines.METHODS: Using data from a published systematic review and expert knowledge, we identified studies meeting our eligibility criteria and invited investigators to share individual-level patient data. We collected data on demographic information, general medical history, and current illness episode, including history, clinical presentation, chest radiograph findings when available, treatment, and outcome. Data were gathered separately from hospital-based and community-based cases. We performed a narrative synthesis to describe the final data set.RESULTS: Forty-one separate data sets were included in the Pneumonia Research Partnership to Assess WHO Recommendations (PREPARE) database, 26 of which were hospital-based and 15 were community-based. The PREPARE database includes 285 839 children with pneumonia (244 323 in the hospital and 41 516 in the community), with detailed descriptions of clinical presentation, clinical progression, and outcome. Of 9185 pneumonia-related deaths, 6836 (74%) occurred in children CONCLUSIONS: This data set could identify an improved specific, sensitive set of criteria for diagnosing clinical pneumonia and help identify sick children in need of referral to a higher level of care or a change of therapy. Field studies could be designed based on insights from PREPARE analyses to validate a potential revised pneumonia algorithm. The PREPARE methodology can also act as a model for disease database assembly.

Published
2022

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