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2. The Goldman bracket characterizes homeomorphisms between non-compact surfaces

Author

Das, Sumanta, Gadgil, Siddhartha, and Nair, Ajay Kumar

Subjects
Mathematics - Geometric Topology, 57K20
Abstract

We show that a homotopy equivalence between two non-compact orientable surfaces is homotopic to a homeomorphism if and only if it preserves the Goldman bracket, provided our surfaces are neither the plane nor the punctured plane., Comment: to appear in Algebraic and Geometric Topology

Published
2023

3. Altered Developmental Trajectory in Male and Female Rats in a Prenatal Valproic Acid Exposure Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Anshu, Kumari, Nair, Ajay Kumar, Srinath, Shoba, and Laxmi, T. Rao

Abstract

Early motor and sensory developmental delays precede Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis and may serve as early indicators of ASD. The literature on sensorimotor development in animal models is sparse, male centered, and has mixed findings. We characterized early development in a prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD and found sex-specific developmental delays in VPA rats. We created a developmental composite score combining 15 test readouts, yielding a reliable gestalt measure spanning physical, sensory, and motor development, that effectively discriminated between VPA and control groups. Considering the heterogeneity in ASD phenotype, the developmental composite offers a robust metric that can enable comparison across different animal models of ASD and can serve as an outcome measure for early intervention studies.

Published
2023
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5. Development of Novel Food-Grade Pigments

Author

Rao, Archana S., primary, Nair, Ajay, additional, Salu, Hima A., additional, Pooja, K.R., additional, Meghana, C.A., additional, Reddy, Nagachandra, additional, Veena, S.M., additional, Vidya, A.S., additional, and More, Sunil S., additional

Published
2024
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8. Dissecting the treatment-naive ecosystem of human melanoma brain metastasis

Author

Biermann, Jana, Melms, Johannes C, Amin, Amit Dipak, Wang, Yiping, Caprio, Lindsay A, Karz, Alcida, Tagore, Somnath, Barrera, Irving, Ibarra-Arellano, Miguel A, Andreatta, Massimo, Fullerton, Benjamin T, Gretarsson, Kristjan H, Sahu, Varun, Mangipudy, Vaibhav S, Nguyen, Trang TT, Nair, Ajay, Rogava, Meri, Ho, Patricia, Koch, Peter D, Banu, Matei, Humala, Nelson, Mahajan, Aayushi, Walsh, Zachary H, Shah, Shivem B, Vaccaro, Daniel H, Caldwell, Blake, Mu, Michael, Wünnemann, Florian, Chazotte, Margot, Berhe, Simon, Luoma, Adrienne M, Driver, Joseph, Ingham, Matthew, Khan, Shaheer A, Rapisuwon, Suthee, Slingluff, Craig L, Eigentler, Thomas, Röcken, Martin, Carvajal, Richard, Atkins, Michael B, Davies, Michael A, Agustinus, Albert, Bakhoum, Samuel F, Azizi, Elham, Siegelin, Markus, Lu, Chao, Carmona, Santiago J, Hibshoosh, Hanina, Ribas, Antoni, Canoll, Peter, Bruce, Jeffrey N, Bi, Wenya Linda, Agrawal, Praveen, Schapiro, Denis, Hernando, Eva, Macosko, Evan Z, Chen, Fei, Schwartz, Gary K, and Izar, Benjamin

Subjects
Cancer, Biotechnology, Neurosciences, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Brain Neoplasms, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Ecosystem, Humans, Melanoma, RNA-Seq, brain metastasis, chromosomal instability, melanoma, neuronal-like cell state, single-cell genomics, spatial transcriptomics, tumor-microenvironment, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) frequently occurs in patients with advanced melanoma; yet, our understanding of the underlying salient biology is rudimentary. Here, we performed single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq in 22 treatment-naive MBMs and 10 extracranial melanoma metastases (ECMs) and matched spatial single-cell transcriptomics and T cell receptor (TCR)-seq. Cancer cells from MBM were more chromosomally unstable, adopted a neuronal-like cell state, and enriched for spatially variably expressed metabolic pathways. Key observations were validated in independent patient cohorts, patient-derived MBM/ECM xenograft models, RNA/ATAC-seq, proteomics, and multiplexed imaging. Integrated spatial analyses revealed distinct geography of putative cancer immune evasion and evidence for more abundant intra-tumoral B to plasma cell differentiation in lymphoid aggregates in MBM. MBM harbored larger fractions of monocyte-derived macrophages and dysfunctional TOX+CD8+ T cells with distinct expression of immune checkpoints. This work provides comprehensive insights into MBM biology and serves as a foundational resource for further discovery and therapeutic exploration.

Published
2022

11. Phase change and alternative materials for domestic thermal energy storage

Author

Nair, Ajay Muraleedharan, Griffiths, Philip, and Huang, Ming Jun

Subjects
Thermal energy storage, PCM/EG, Heat transfer enhancement, Domestic hot water, Macro encapsulation
Abstract

In Europe, households account for 24.7% of the total energy consumption. Sanitary hot water and space heating represents more than 80% of total domestic energy consumption. The major share of this is covered by heaters operated either by gas, oil, or electricity. To decarbonise the domestic sector, renewable energy penetration of the electricity grid using heat pumps (HP) is an option. HP with an efficient thermal energy storage device can effectively solve the mismatch between supply and demand of energy and provides significant economic benefits and reduced associated CO2 emissions. Thermal energy storage (TES) technology has gained great popularity as an effective method for demand-side management of energy of heating. TES has the potential to harvest, store and save thermal energy for short or longer periods. Scientists and energy technologists are investing their efforts to develop efficient, reliable, and cost-effective TES systems which can be integrated with heat pumps (HP) and solar panels to store off-peak renewable energy and deliver thermal energy to decarbonise the heating sector. Among the various TES methods, latent heat storage (LHS) materials offer the most flexible operating ranges, comparatively high energy densities, and high durability at reasonable costs, which has opened a market for phase change materials (PCM). Thermal energy storage using PCM has been widely investigated for various applications from very low to very high temperatures. The net-zero carbon policy of the UK government ensures that all new dwellings should be energy self-sufficient with onsite energy production to use for domestic heating, lighting, and ventilation to target an 100% reduction in CO2 emission by 2050. The use of PCM in building components and hot water production can reduce the building energy demand, and indoor temperature fluctuations, and improve demand-side management by utilising available renewable energy and off-peak electricity. The primary aim of the research is to design and develop a novel phase change material thermal energy storage system for the domestic thermal energy storage application. The TES system should be able to capture the excess amount of thermal energy from the electricity grid or the renewable resources and discharge it for a sustained period when there is a demand for thermal energy. Considering this, an extensive literature review has been conducted on the application of PCM-based TES in domestic heating applications. Commonly studied methods for overcoming the limitations of PCM systems, recent research on PCM integrated under floor heating, building walls, DHW tanks, and energy storage units ESU for hot water production are extensively reviewed. Commercially available PCM for the above applications are listed with their major thermophysical properties and supplier details. Based on the findings from the literature review conducted, an initial study was conducted to investigate the effect of various heat transfer enhancement methods on the charging and discharging cycle thermal performance of an organic PCM available in the Uster University laboratory. Then the study was extended by selecting a promising commercial PCM (Croda60) and developing a macro encapsulated Croda60/EG TES unit to overcome the leakage of PCM from the EG. Based on the studies conducted on the Croda60/EG TES system at various operating conditions of heat transfer fluid, a multi-pass Croda60/EG 3kWh TES unit was designed and developed. The charging and discharging period analysis of the multi-pass system was conducted and compared with that of a commercial PCM heat battery provided by Sunamp Pvt. Ltd. Then a techno-economic comparison of the Sunamp UniQ heat batteries and hot water tank was conducted when both are operated with a high-temperature air source HP and evaluated the economic benefit and reduction in carbon emission with Sunamp heat battery across Europe. It was found that heat exchanger design for discharging is more important than that for the charging process. The thermal energy when required for domestic use tends to be required quickly for a sustained period, which leads the authors to suggest systems needed to be designed around discharging performance rather than charging. The current global political and economic situation (Spring 2022) is seeing energy prices rise significantly and this, if sustained, will further enhance the economic advantages of thermal stores. Large thermal stores may be a simple technology that is readily understood, but the use of PCM battery stores can significantly reduce the space required, making them easier to retrofit into existing buildings.

Published
2022

13. Factoring periodic maps into Dehn twists

Author

Dhanwani, Neeraj K., Nair, Ajay K., and Rajeevsarathy, Kashyap

Subjects
Mathematics - Geometric Topology, Primary 57M60, Secondary 57M50, 57M99
Abstract

Let $\text{Mod}(S_g)$ be the mapping class group of the closed orientable surface $S_g$ of genus $g \geq 1$. In this paper, we develop various methods for factoring periodic mapping classes into Dehn twists, up to conjugacy. As applications, we develop methods for factoring certain roots of Dehn twists as words in Dehn twists. We will also show the existence of conjugates of periodic maps of order $4g$ and $4g+2$, for $g\geq 2$, whose product is pseudo-Anosov.

Published
2020

14. Promotion of cholangiocarcinoma growth by diverse cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations

Author

Affo, Silvia, Nair, Ajay, Brundu, Francesco, Ravichandra, Aashreya, Bhattacharjee, Sonakshi, Matsuda, Michitaka, Chin, LiKang, Filliol, Aveline, Wen, Wen, Song, Xinhua, Decker, Aubrianna, Worley, Jeremy, Caviglia, Jorge Matias, Yu, Lexing, Yin, Deqi, Saito, Yoshinobu, Savage, Thomas, Wells, Rebecca G, Mack, Matthias, Zender, Lars, Arpaia, Nicholas, Remotti, Helen E, Rabadan, Raul, Sims, Peter, Leblond, Anne-Laure, Weber, Achim, Riener, Marc-Oliver, Stockwell, Brent R, Gaublomme, Jellert, Llovet, Josep M, Kalluri, Raghu, Michalopoulos, George K, Seki, Ekihiro, Sia, Daniela, Chen, Xin, Califano, Andrea, and Schwabe, Robert F

Subjects
Genetics, Liver Disease, Cancer, Digestive Diseases - (Gallbladder), Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Digestive Diseases, Liver Cancer, Rare Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aged, Animals, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Cholangiocarcinoma, Collagen Type I, Female, Hepatic Stellate Cells, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Humans, Hyaluronan Synthases, Hyaluronic Acid, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Middle Aged, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met, Tumor Microenvironment, CellPhoneDB, HGF, KRAS, YAP, cholangiocarcinoma, immune, mechanosensitive, single cell, stiffness, tumor microenvironment, Neurosciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a poorly characterized cell population in the context of liver cancer. Our study investigates CAF functions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a highly desmoplastic liver tumor. Genetic tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and ligand-receptor analyses uncovered hepatic stellate cells (HSC) as the main source of CAF and HSC-derived CAF as the dominant population interacting with tumor cells. In mice, CAF promotes ICC progression, as revealed by HSC-selective CAF depletion. In patients, a high panCAF signature is associated with decreased survival and increased recurrence. Single-cell RNA sequencing segregates CAF into inflammatory and growth factor-enriched (iCAF) and myofibroblastic (myCAF) subpopulations, displaying distinct ligand-receptor interactions. myCAF-expressed hyaluronan synthase 2, but not type I collagen, promotes ICC. iCAF-expressed hepatocyte growth factor enhances ICC growth via tumor-expressed MET, thus directly linking CAF to tumor cells. In summary, our data demonstrate promotion of desmoplastic ICC growth by therapeutically targetable CAF subtype-specific mediators, but not by type I collagen.

Published
2021

15. Tumor restriction by type I collagen opposes tumor-promoting effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts

Author

Bhattacharjee, Sonakshi, Hamberger, Florian, Ravichandra, Aashreya, Miller, Maximilian, Nair, Ajay, Affo, Silvia, Filliol, Aveline, Chin, LiKang, Savage, Thomas M, Yin, Deqi, Wirsik, Naita Maren, Mehal, Adam, Arpaia, Nicholas, Seki, Ekihiro, Mack, Matthias, Zhu, Di, Sims, Peter A, Kalluri, Raghu, Stanger, Ben Z, Olive, Kenneth P, Schmidt, Thomas, Wells, Rebecca G, Mederacke, Ingmar, and Schwabe, Robert F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Cell Line, Tumor, Collagen Type I, Hepatic Stellate Cells, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Mice, Knockout, Neoplasm Metastasis, Collagens, Fibrosis, Hepatology, Oncology, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) may exert tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive functions, but the mechanisms underlying these opposing effects remain elusive. Here, we sought to understand these potentially opposing functions by interrogating functional relationships among CAF subtypes, their mediators, desmoplasia, and tumor growth in a wide range of tumor types metastasizing to the liver, the most common organ site for metastasis. Depletion of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which represented the main source of CAF in mice and patients in our study, or depletion of all CAF decreased tumor growth and mortality in desmoplastic colorectal and pancreatic metastasis but not in nondesmoplastic metastatic tumors. Single-cell RNA-Seq in conjunction with CellPhoneDB ligand-receptor analysis, as well as studies in immune cell-depleted and HSC-selective knockout mice, uncovered direct CAF-tumor interactions as a tumor-promoting mechanism, mediated by myofibroblastic CAF-secreted (myCAF-secreted) hyaluronan and inflammatory CAF-secreted (iCAF-secreted) HGF. These effects were opposed by myCAF-expressed type I collagen, which suppressed tumor growth by mechanically restraining tumor spread, overriding its own stiffness-induced mechanosignals. In summary, mechanical restriction by type I collagen opposes the overall tumor-promoting effects of CAF, thus providing a mechanistic explanation for their dual functions in cancer. Therapeutic targeting of tumor-promoting CAF mediators while preserving type I collagen may convert CAF from tumor promoting to tumor restricting.

Published
2021

18. Opposing roles of hepatic stellate cell subpopulations in hepatocarcinogenesis

Author

Filliol, Aveline, Saito, Yoshinobu, Nair, Ajay, Dapito, Dianne H., Yu, Le-Xing, Ravichandra, Aashreya, Bhattacharjee, Sonakshi, Affo, Silvia, Fujiwara, Naoto, Su, Hua, Sun, Qiuyan, Savage, Thomas M., Wilson-Kanamori, John R., Caviglia, Jorge M., Chin, LiKang, Chen, Dongning, Wang, Xiaobo, Caruso, Stefano, Kang, Jin Ku, Amin, Amit Dipak, Wallace, Sebastian, Dobie, Ross, Yin, Deqi, Rodriguez-Fiallos, Oscar M., Yin, Chuan, Mehal, Adam, Izar, Benjamin, Friedman, Richard A., Wells, Rebecca G., Pajvani, Utpal B., Hoshida, Yujin, Remotti, Helen E., Arpaia, Nicholas, Zucman-Rossi, Jessica, Karin, Michael, Henderson, Neil C., Tabas, Ira, and Schwabe, Robert F.

Published
2022
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19. Collagenolysis-dependent DDR1 signalling dictates pancreatic cancer outcome

Author

Su, Hua, Yang, Fei, Fu, Rao, Trinh, Brittney, Sun, Nina, Liu, Junlai, Kumar, Avi, Baglieri, Jacopo, Siruno, Jeremy, Le, Michelle, Li, Yuhan, Dozier, Stephen, Nair, Ajay, Filliol, Aveline, Sinchai, Nachanok, Rosenthal, Sara Brin, Santini, Jennifer, Metallo, Christian M., Molina, Anthony, Schwabe, Robert F., Lowy, Andrew M., Brenner, David, Sun, Beicheng, and Karin, Michael

Published
2022
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20. Carbohydrases: a class of all-pervasive industrial biocatalysts

Author

Rao, Archana S., primary, Nair, Ajay, additional, Salu, Hima A., additional, Pooja, K.R., additional, Nandyal, Nandini Amrutha, additional, Joshi, Venkatesh S., additional, More, Veena S., additional, Francois, Niyonzima, additional, Anantharaju, K.S., additional, and More, Sunil S., additional

Published
2023
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22. Microbial enzymes used in textile industry

Author

Niyonzima, Francois N., primary, More, Veena S., additional, Nsanganwimana, Florien, additional, Rao, Archana S., additional, Nair, Ajay, additional, Anantharaju, K.S., additional, and More, Sunil S., additional

Published
2023
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23. Contributors

Author

Abolore, Rasaq S., primary, Acharya, Prakruti, additional, Adhikari (Nee Pramanik), Sunita, additional, Aguilera-Carbó, Antonio Francisco, additional, Ahmed, Lubna, additional, Akdemir Evrendilek, Gulsun, additional, Cid, Daniela, additional, Coda, Rossana, additional, Corona-Flores, José Daniel, additional, Das, Abhishek, additional, Fasim, Aneesa, additional, Fuentes-Lara, Laura Olivia, additional, Hossain, Mohammad B., additional, Jaiswal, Swarna, additional, Jaiswal, Amit K., additional, Kurupalya Shivaram, Anantharaju, additional, Lemos Bicas, Juliano, additional, Li, Tinglan, additional, Lin, Fanzhen, additional, Luo, Ruoshi, additional, Madende, Moses, additional, Madende, Primrose, additional, Maróstica Junior, Mario Roberto, additional, Moirangthem, Kamaljit, additional, More, Veena S., additional, More, Sunil S., additional, Nair, Ajay, additional, Qin, Zhao, additional, Rai, Dilip K., additional, Rao, Archana S., additional, Rathod, Virendra K., additional, Ray, Mausumi, additional, Rebolloso-Padilla, Oscar Noé, additional, Romero, Oscar, additional, Ruelas-Chacón, Xochitl, additional, Sánchez-Abúndez, Hugo Fredy, additional, Tavernini, Luigi, additional, Tomke, Prerana D., additional, Torres A. Camillo, Gustavo H., additional, Tsegaye, Bahiru, additional, Uzuner, Sibel, additional, Wang, Dan, additional, Wilson, Lorena, additional, and Zou, Wenjin, additional

Published
2023
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24. List of contributors

Author

Agrawal, Komal, primary, Aguieiras, Erika Cristina G., additional, Amesaka, Hiroshi, additional, Anantharaju, K.S., additional, Arroyo, Miguel, additional, Arya, Prashant S., additional, Backes, Emanueli, additional, Baria, Dhritiksha M., additional, Barredo, José Luis, additional, Barreiro, Carlos, additional, Behera, Sudhanshu S., additional, Bhati, Reeta, additional, Bhatt, Kanishk, additional, Bon, Elba P.S., additional, Bracht, Adelar, additional, Brahmachari, Goutam, additional, Carvalho, Filipe, additional, Cassini, Servio Tulio Alves, additional, Chen, Chiu-Wen, additional, Corrêa, Rubia Carvalho Gomes, additional, Coscolín, Cristina, additional, da Silva, Ayla Sant’Ana, additional, da Silva, Bruna Polacchine, additional, de Andrade Silva, Thais, additional, de la Mata, Isabel, additional, de Oliveira, Jairo Pinto, additional, de Sousa, Ronaldo Rodrigues, additional, de Souza, Marcella Fernandes, additional, Dong, Cheng-Di, additional, Duarte, Jaqueline Greco, additional, Espinheira, Roberta Pereira, additional, Faber, Mariana de Oliveira, additional, Fasheun, Daniel Oluwagbotemi, additional, Fernandes, Pedro, additional, Ferreira-Leitão, Viridiana S., additional, Ferrer, Manuel, additional, Francois, Niyonzima, additional, Freire, Denise M.G., additional, García, José Luis, additional, García-Estrada, Carlos, additional, Ghadge, Vishal A., additional, Golyshin, Peter N., additional, Guimarães, Carolina Reis, additional, Joshi, Venkatesh S., additional, Kanaya, Shigenori, additional, Kato, Camila Gabriel, additional, Kerketta, Ankush, additional, Koga, Yuichi, additional, Kokare, Chandrakant, additional, Kumar, Bikash, additional, Kumar, Pankaj, additional, Liras, Paloma, additional, Liu, Xiangyang, additional, Martín, Juan F., additional, Molina-Espeja, Patricia, additional, More, Sunil S., additional, More, Veena S., additional, Mudaliar, Shivangi, additional, Nadda, Ashok Kumar, additional, Nair, Ajay, additional, Nair, Lakshana, additional, Nandyal, Nandini Amrutha, additional, Niyonzima, Francois N., additional, Nsanganwimana, Florien, additional, Panchal, Rakeshkumar R., additional, Pandey, Ashok, additional, Pardhi, Dimple S., additional, Patel, Anil Kumar, additional, Patel, Nidhi Y., additional, Peralta, Rosane Marina, additional, Pinotti, Laura Marina, additional, Pooja, K.R., additional, Rajput, Kiransinh N., additional, Rao, Archana S., additional, Rathod, Meena R., additional, Raval, Vikram H., additional, Ray, Ramesh C., additional, Rocha, Diana, additional, Rodríguez-Sanoja, Romina, additional, Romero, Alba, additional, Ruiz-Villafán, Beatriz, additional, Sahastrabudhe, Harshal, additional, Salu, Hima A., additional, Sampaio, Igor Carvalho Fontes, additional, Sánchez, Sergio, additional, Saute, Vinícius Mateus Salvatore, additional, Seixas, Flávio Augusto Vicente, additional, Sharma, Ayushi, additional, Sharma, Shagun, additional, Shinde, Pramod B., additional, Shrivastava, Rahul, additional, Singh, Rajni, additional, Singh, Sanju, additional, Singhania, Reeta Rani, additional, Srivastava, Swati, additional, Takano, Kazufumi, additional, Tanaka, Shun-ichi, additional, Teixeira, Ricardo Sposina Sobral, additional, Tomasini, Marina Cristina, additional, Uber, Thaís Marques, additional, Uehara, Ryo, additional, Verma, Pradeep, additional, Yagnik, Shivani M., additional, and Zavarise, Julio Pansiere, additional

Published
2023
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35. Publisher Correction: Collagenolysis-dependent DDR1 signalling dictates pancreatic cancer outcome

Author

Su, Hua, Yang, Fei, Fu, Rao, Trinh, Brittney, Sun, Nina, Liu, Junlai, Kumar, Avi, Baglieri, Jacopo, Siruno, Jeremy, Le, Michelle, Li, Yuhan, Dozier, Stephen, Nair, Ajay, Filliol, Aveline, Sinchai, Nachanok, Rosenthal, Sara Brin, Santini, Jennifer, Metallo, Christian M., Molina, Anthony, Schwabe, Robert F., Lowy, Andrew M., Brenner, David, Sun, Beicheng, and Karin, Michael

Published
2023
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39. Contributors

Author

Abirami, S., primary, Adil, Muhammad Faheem, additional, Akhtar, Nishar, additional, Amanet, Khizer, additional, Ambastha, Vivek, additional, Anantharaju, K.S, additional, Anarna, Julieta A., additional, Anwar, Ali, additional, Athar, Habib-ur-Rehman, additional, Baby, S., additional, Baldodiya, Gajendra Mohan, additional, Banday, Saba, additional, Behera, Lopamudra, additional, Bisen, Kartikay, additional, Bisht, Jaideep Kumar, additional, Borah, Basanta Kumar, additional, Bose, Bandana, additional, Brown, Cristine Marie B., additional, Brown, Marilyn B., additional, Chandra, Ram, additional, Chitara, Manoj Kumar, additional, Çiğ, Arzu, additional, Danish, Subhan, additional, Das, Priyanka, additional, Datta, Diptanu, additional, Dwivedi, Padmanabh, additional, Erman, Murat, additional, Gade, R.M., additional, Gaur, R.K., additional, Gorain, Bisweswar, additional, Goyal, Vanshika, additional, Hidangmayum, Akash, additional, Hossain, Akbar, additional, Imran, Muhammad, additional, Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir, additional, Islam, Md. Sohidul, additional, Joshi, Naveen Chandra, additional, Kannan, Aarthy, additional, Kant, Lakshmi, additional, Kaur, Manmeet, additional, Kaur, Ravneet, additional, Keerthana, U., additional, Koche, Mina D., additional, Kohli, Isha, additional, Korra, Tulasi, additional, Kulvir, Singh, additional, Kumar, Gagan, additional, Kumar, Utkarsh, additional, Kumar, Vivek, additional, Kumar, Sumit, additional, Kumar, Sunil, additional, Kumari, Asha, additional, Kumawat, K.C., additional, Liyun, Liu, additional, Marwal, Avinash, additional, Meena, Ram Swaroop, additional, Mondal, Sananda, additional, More, Veena S., additional, More, Sunil S., additional, Mubeen, Muhammad, additional, Muthukumar, A., additional, Nagpal, Sharon, additional, Nair, Ajay, additional, Nanda, Satyabrata, additional, Naveen Kumar, R., additional, Nepomuceno, Robert A., additional, Panda, Debasish, additional, Pandey, Rachna, additional, Pandey, Anand Kumar, additional, Parihar, Manoj, additional, Paswan, Ricky Raj, additional, Perween, Shahina, additional, Prabhukarthikeyan, S.R., additional, Raj, T. Suthin, additional, Ram, Hanuman, additional, Rana, Kiran, additional, Rao, Archana S., additional, Rashid, Md. Mahtab, additional, Raza, Ali, additional, Raza, Muhammad Ali, additional, Sabagh, Ayman EL, additional, Saikia, Richita, additional, Sakthieaswari, P., additional, Shahnaz, Efath, additional, Sharma, Poonam, additional, Singh, Ankita, additional, Singh, Bansh Narayan, additional, Singh, U.B., additional, Singh, Shailendra, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Sodhi, H.S., additional, Sravani, Bana, additional, Sree Gayathri, S., additional, Srivastava, Akhilesh Kumar, additional, Sumiahadi, Ade, additional, Tiwari, Gopal, additional, Ueda, Akihiro, additional, Usha, C., additional, Varma, Ajit, additional, Verma, Shalja, additional, Wasaya, Allah, additional, Yashu, Bhudeo Rana, additional, and Yasir, Tauqeer Ahmad, additional

Published
2022
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40. Contributors

Author

Anantharaju, K.S., primary, Anwar, Ali, additional, Aravindan, S., additional, Astatkie, Tess, additional, Baite, Mathew S, additional, Balilashaki, Khosro, additional, Behera, Himadri Tanaya, additional, Behera, Lopamudra, additional, Bhanu, L., additional, Bharwad, Krishna, additional, Cayalvizhi, B., additional, Champaneria, Akshita, additional, Correa, Eduardo Jose Azevedo, additional, Das, Smrutiranjan, additional, Das, Tuyelee, additional, Datta, Diptanu, additional, Dehghanian, Zahra, additional, Dey, Abhijit, additional, Dhakad, Pushpendra Kumar, additional, Duarte, Neimar de Freitas, additional, Dubey, Shubham, additional, Esparza-Reynoso, Saraí, additional, Gangadhar, K., additional, Ghoghari, Niharika, additional, Ghosh, Sujit, additional, Gorain, Bisweswar, additional, Gupta, Pratishtha, additional, Habibi, Khashayar, additional, Harish, S., additional, Jena, Rupak, additional, Jha, Priyanka, additional, Johri, Jayandra Kumar, additional, Joshi, Naveen Chandra, additional, Joshi, S.R., additional, Keerthana, U., additional, Khatri, Shivani, additional, Kohli, Isha, additional, Kona, Praveen, additional, Korra, Tulasi, additional, Kumar, Sumit, additional, Kumar, Vipin, additional, Kumar, Vijay, additional, Lajayer, Behanm Asgari, additional, Lakshmi, P. Kiruthika, additional, López-Bucio, Jesús Salvador, additional, López-Bucio, José, additional, Meenakshi, S., additional, Mitra, Debasis, additional, Mojumdar, Abhik, additional, More, Sunil S., additional, More, Veena S., additional, Kumar, A. Muthu, additional, Nair, Ajay, additional, Nandy, Samapika, additional, Kumar, R. Naveen, additional, Paiva, Christiane Abreu Oliveira, additional, Pagano, Marcela Claudia, additional, Pandey, Devendra Kumar, additional, Panneerselvam, P., additional, Panwar, Joginder Singh, additional, Parameswaran, C., additional, Parihar, Manoj, additional, Paul, Srijita, additional, Pelagio-Flores, Ramón, additional, Prabhukarthikeyan, S.R., additional, Raghu, S., additional, Rajkumar, Shalini, additional, Rajput, Suryansh, additional, Rani, Kirti, additional, Rani, Rupa, additional, Rao, Archana S., additional, Rath, P.C., additional, Ray, Lopamudra, additional, Reddy, Kiran K., additional, Sardrodi, Monire Mones, additional, Sengupta, Preeti, additional, Shahnaz, Efath, additional, Sharma, Shilpi, additional, Shukla, Deepali, additional, Shukla, Piyush, additional, Singh, A.L., additional, Singh, Poonam C., additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Sravani, Bana, additional, Tandon, Ashmita, additional, Thabah, Stevenson, additional, Varma, Ajit, additional, Vidyarthi, Ambarish S., additional, Yadav, M.K., additional, and Yadav, Manoj K., additional

Published
2022
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41. Specialty Melons Grown under High Tunnel Conditions Yield Good to Excellent Internal Quality.

Author

Bilenky, Moriah T., Perry, Rachel, and Nair, Ajay

Subjects
PEST control, MUSKMELON, FRUIT growing, FRUIT yield, FARMERS, LOCAL foods, POWDERY mildew diseases
Abstract

Interest in local foods, especially locally grown fruit, is increasing. High tunnel vegetable growers are strategically poised to meet this demand by growing specialty melons (Cucumis melo). Although specialty melons are commonly grown in high tunnels in other parts of the world, it is an uncommon practice in the midwestern United States. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 10 specialty melon cultivars for high tunnel production and measure fruit yield and internal quality. Fruit of the cultivar Eden's Gem yielded the greatest number of marketable fruits per plant; however, these melons are small and have a loose cavity. Fruit of the cultivars Honey Orange and Divergent yielded the largest marketable fruit per plant with tighter cavities; however, the cavities were large. All cultivars had good to excellent internal quality in terms of sugar content. The production of specialty melons in the high tunnel was successful, resulting in the production of melons with good to excellent internal quality, and several yielded three to four marketable fruit per plant. Implementing a strong pest management plan for cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum, Sphaerotheca fuliginea) is recommended to prevent yield loss, especially in locations such as the Midwest, where cucumber beetles often vector bacterial wilt (Erwinia tracheiphila). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. A molecular single-cell lung atlas of lethal COVID-19

Author

Melms, Johannes C., Biermann, Jana, Huang, Huachao, Wang, Yiping, Nair, Ajay, Tagore, Somnath, Katsyv, Igor, Rendeiro, André F., Amin, Amit Dipak, Schapiro, Denis, Frangieh, Chris J., Luoma, Adrienne M., Filliol, Aveline, Fang, Yinshan, Ravichandran, Hiranmayi, Clausi, Mariano G., Alba, George A., Rogava, Meri, Chen, Sean W., Ho, Patricia, Montoro, Daniel T., Kornberg, Adam E., Han, Arnold S., Bakhoum, Mathieu F., Anandasabapathy, Niroshana, Suárez-Fariñas, Mayte, Bakhoum, Samuel F., Bram, Yaron, Borczuk, Alain, Guo, Xinzheng V., Lefkowitch, Jay H., Marboe, Charles, Lagana, Stephen M., Del Portillo, Armando, Tsai, Emily J., Zorn, Emmanuel, Markowitz, Glen S., Schwabe, Robert F., Schwartz, Robert E., Elemento, Olivier, Saqi, Anjali, Hibshoosh, Hanina, Que, Jianwen, and Izar, Benjamin

Published
2021
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49. Evaluating Pollination and Weed Control Strategies under Mesotunnel Systems for Organic Muskmelon Production in Iowa.

Author

Mphande, Kephas, Badilla-Arias, Sharon, Nieyan Cheng, González-Acuña, José F., Nair, Ajay, Wendong Zhang, and Gleason, Mark L.

Subjects
CUCUMBERS, WEEDS, WEED control, MOWING, MUSKMELON, POLLINATION, BUMBLEBEES, TEFF
Abstract

Bacterial wilt of cucurbits, caused by Erwinia tracheiphila, is spread by spotted (Diabrotica undeimpunctata howardi) and striped (Acalymma vittatum) cucumber beetles and results in major losses for US cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae spp.) growers. Organic growers of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) lack reliable control measures against bacterial wilt. During previous field trials in Iowa, USA, a system called mesotunnels, which are 3.5-ft-tall barriers covered with a nylon mesh insect netting, resulted in a higher marketable yield of organic 'Athena' muskmelon than low tunnels or noncovered plots. However, satisfactory pollination and weed control are challenging in mesotunnels because the netting covers the crop for most or all of the growing season, and economic feasibility of these systems has not been determined. Consequently, two field trials conducted in Iowa from2020 to 2022 evaluated strategies to ensure pollination under mesotunnels in commercial-scale plots, assess effectiveness of teff (Eragrostis tef ) as a living mulch for weed control in mesotunnel systems, and compare the profitability of the treatment options for organic 'Athena' muskmelon. The treatments used during the pollination trial were as follows: full season, in which mesotunnels remained sealed all season and bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) were added at the start of bloom for pollination; open ends, wherein both ends of the tunnels were opened at the start of bloom then reclosed 2 weeks later; and on-off-on, in which nets were removed at the start of bloom and then reinstalled 2 weeks later. The full-season treatment had significantly higher marketable yield than the other treatments in two of three trial years. Plants with the full season and open ends treatments had a bacterial wilt incidence <2.5% across all three years and similar numbers of cucumber beetles, whereas plants with the on-off-on treatment had an average bacterial wilt incidence of 11.0% and significantly more cucumber beetles. The open ends treatment had fewer bee visits to 'Athena' muskmelon flowers than the other treatments. In the 2-year (2021-22) weed management trial, treatments applied to the furrow between plastic-mulched rows were as follows: landscape fabric; teff seeded at 4 lb/acre and mowed 3 weeks after seeding; teff seeded at 4 lb/acre and not mowed; a control with bare ground where weeds were mowed 3 weeks after transplanting; and a bare ground control with no mowing. The landscape fabric and mowed teff treatments had statistically similar marketable yield, and mowing appeared tominimize yield losses compared with nonmowed treatments. The landscape fabric had no weeds, followed by mowed teff, mowed bare ground, and nonmowed teff. Nonmowed bare ground had the highest weed biomass. The partial budget and costefficiency ratio analysis indicated that the full-season treatment was the most costefficient pollination option for mesotunnel systems. An economic analysis of the weed management strategies showed that using teff as a living mulch in the furrows between organic 'Athena' muskmelon rows, coupled with timely mowing to suppress its growth, can generate revenue comparable to that of landscape fabric. Our findings suggest that organic 'Athena' muskmelon growers in Iowa may gain the greatest yield and soil quality benefits when mesotunnels are kept closed for the entire season, bumble bees are used for pollination, and teff (mowed 3 weeks after seeding) is used to control weeds in the furrows. Further trials integrating these pollination and weed management strategies would help validate a comprehensive approach to organic 'Athena' muskmelon production under mesotunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Enhancing Freeze Tolerance of Fieldgrown Lettuce with Salicylic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, and Calcium Chloride.

Author

Perry, Rachel, Nair, Ajay, and Arora, Rajeev

Subjects
*CALCIUM chloride, *SALICYLIC acid, *VITAMIN C, *AUTUMN, *WEATHER, *LETTUCE
Abstract

With the climate continuing to change, specialty crop growers are particularly at risk for economic loss caused by erratic weather conditions, excess heat and rain, and frost damage. Although tolerant to cold, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a major horticultural crop at risk for exposure to freezing temperatures in late fall or early spring in the Midwest. Exogenous applications of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and calcium chloride have been shown to improve abiotic stress in plants, particularly with freezing tolerance. This research investigated the effects of the exogenous application of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and calcium chloride, in varying concentrations, on field-grown lettuce. The study was conducted at the Iowa State University Horticulture Research Station, Ames, IA, USA. Weekly applications of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1.0 mM), ascorbic acid (0.5 and 1.0 mM), and calcium chloride (10 and 20 mM) were applied until plants were a marketable size. A control treatment (no spray) was also included. Data regarding plant size, yield, leaf area, leaf number, plant dry weight, plant nutrient analysis, and freeze tolerance were collected. Freeze tolerance assessments were conducted through laboratory-simulated freeze events and the evaluation of natural in-field freeze events. Freeze injury was quantified through the electrolyte leakage method. Marketable weights in 2020 and 2021 were statistically similar, except for 1.0 mM salicylic acid in 2020, which showed a significantly lower marketable weight and head diameter. Trends during both years showed that stress protectant applications had the most effective freeze protection at −12 °C in laboratory-simulated freeze events. Calcium chloride at 20 mM had the highest protection at −12 °C, with 13.3% and 24.0% less injury compared with the control in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Salicylic acid 1.0 mM at −12 °C had 4.7% and 23.7% less injury compared with control during these two years, respectively. Ascorbic acid 1.0 mM at −12 °C also showed 6.8% and 9.5% less injury than the control in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Similar trends were observed after in-field freezing events, with 20 mM calcium chloride providing the highest protection against frost in 2020 and 2021. These findings advance the understanding of the capabilities of stress protectants on lettuce as chemical primers after freezing events. This research highlights the benefits of ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, and calcium chloride as stress protectants and encourages future research and further exploration of concentrations, methods of application, and timing of application of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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