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FDA-MIMO radar is a new form of radar technology that has a vast range of applications. Jamming is one of the many issues faced by the FDA-MIMO radar, such as deceptive jamming and target detection. A lot of work has been done in the fields of jamming and anti-jamming with FDA-MIMO radar. This paper introduces a non-linear SMA-FDA MIMO radar. Modified SMA has been proposed and implemented, which was never used in the radar application before it was used in the biological fields. Anti-deceptive jamming has been performed over the FDA-MIMO. Desired targets are being detected successfully. Simulation results are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

In this exploration, temperature-dependent Yamada–Ota and Xue hybrid nanoliquid models are investigated over a curved stretchable surface embedded in an absorbent media. Hybrid nanofluids are formed by the combination of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanoparticles with engine oil as base fluid. The goal of this study is to interpret how the modified Fourier law combined with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, Newtonian heating and variable heat source/sink enhances thermal performance. A mathematical formulation of the problem is illustrated in the curvilinear coordinates. Highly nonlinear dimensionless ODEs are solved numerically by engaging the bvp4c approach. The impression of the key parameters is illustrated graphically. Drag force coefficient and Nusselt number are highlighted through tables. It is comprehended that the fluid velocity decays on augmenting the velocity slip parameter while elevates on amplifying the curvature parameter. Furthermore, an enhancement in the temperature field is noted for the conjugate parameter. A significant correlation with the existing outcomes is perceived when a comparison with the existing literature is made.

The objective of the present exploration is to examine the nanoliquid flow amid two horizontal infinite plates. The lower plate is stretchable and permeable. The uniqueness of the flow model is assimilated with the Hall effect, variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation, and irregular heat source/sink. Transmission of mass is enhanced with the impression of chemical reaction incorporated with activation energy. Appropriate similarity transformation is applied to transform the formulated problem into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical solution is obtained by employing MATLAB software function bvp4c. The dimensionless parameters are graphically illustrated and discussed for the involved profiles. An increasing behavior is exhibited by the temperature field on escalating the Brownian motion, thermophoresis parameter, variable thermal conductivity, and radiation parameter. For larger values of Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter, the concentration profile deteriorates, while a reverse trend is seen for activation energy. The rate of heat transfer is strengthened at the lower wall on amplifying the Prandtl number. A comparative analysis of the present investigation with already published work is also added to substantiate the envisioned problem.

In this study, the effects of variable characteristics amalgamated with chemical reaction and Arrhenius activation energy are analyzed on a two-dimensional (2D) electrically conducting radiative Casson nanoliquid flow past a deformable cylinder embedded in a porous medium. The surface of the cylinder is deformable in the radial direction i.e., the z-axis. The impression of Soret and Dufour's effects boosts the transmission of heat and mass. The flow is analyzed numerically with the combined impacts of momentum slip, convective heat, and mass conditions. A numerical solution for the system of the differential equations is attained by employing the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The dimensionless protuberant parameters are graphically illustrated and discussed for the involved profiles. It is perceived that on escalating the velocity slip parameter and porosity parameter velocity field depreciates. Also, on escalating the radiation parameter and heat transfer Biot number a prominent difference is noticed in an upsurge of the thermal field. For growing values of Brownian motion and thermophoretic parameters, temperature field augments. On escalating the curvature parameter and porosity parameter, drag force coefficient upsurges. The outcome of the Soret number, mass transfer Biot number, and activation energy parameter is quite eminent on the concentration distribution for the sheet in comparison to the deformable cylinder. A comparative analysis of the present investigation with an already published work is also added to substantiate the envisioned problem.

The significance of the present investigation is to explore the impacts of the Hall current and variable traits of thermal conductivity and the mass diffusion instead of the constant on a three-dimensional (3D) Darcy–Forchheimer–Casson nanofluid flow past a deformable rotating disk extendable in the radial direction. However, the motion of the flow is induced owing to the rotation and deformation of the disk. The process of heat transfer is inspected in the presence of the Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass fluxes, thermal radiation, and the activation energy amalgamated with chemical reaction added to witness the effect on the mass transfer. The novelty of the model is enhanced with the additional effects of momentum slip and convective boundary conditions. On utilizing the Von Karmann similarity variable, the formulated problem is transformed into ordinary differential equations. A numerical solution for the system of the differential equations is attained by employing the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The upshot of sundry parameters versus involved profiles is deliberated graphically. It is perceived that on escalating the Brownian motion and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, the temperature field escalates. The velocity field in radial and azimuthal direction decays for up surging the Casson fluid and magnetic parameters. A comparative analysis of the present investigation with an already published work is also added to substantiate the envisioned problem.

This paper studies a chemical reactive Maxwell nanofluid flow in porous media with generalized Fourier and Fick laws in the presence of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and robin conditions past a spinning cone. The characteristics of the fluid flow are examined using the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The equations that regulate the flow are highly nonlinear and are simplified using similarity transformations. Numerical solution is obtained by employing the bvp4c technique. The characteristics of various parameters on tangential and azimuthal velocities, heat, and mass transfers are depicted graphically. An opposing behavior on the tangential and azimuthal velocity fields is depicted in elevating the Deborah number. The solutal field upsurges on increasing the order of the reaction. The mass flux strengthens by augmenting the Schmidt number and solutal relaxation time. The validation of the proposed model in the limiting case is also given.

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a commonly performed and successful orthopedic practice procedure. However, failure of arthroplasty may require revision THA and pose substantial clinical challenges for orthopedic surgeons. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to estimate the revision rate of THA and its risk factors at a tertiary care hospital. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2021 of patients who had undergone THA during 2016-2020 in a tertiary care hospital. All patients above 18 years old who had a THA were included in the study. The data was collected from patients' medical charts/electronic databases. Results A total of 148 THAs were included in this study. In total, 77 (52%) were females, and 71 (48%) were males. The average age of our patients was 49±17 years old, and the mean recorded BMI was 29.6. A total of 62% (n=92/148) of our participants were shown to have at least one comorbid disease, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity. Our findings show that half of the patients, 74 (50%), had a THA due to both primary and secondary osteoarthritis, 37 (25%) patients had avascular necrosis of the hip, and 25 (17%) were due to trauma. The most performed surgical approach was Kocher-Langenbeck (posterior) approach on 128 (86%), followed by the Hardinge (lateral) approach on 20 (13.51%). The most observed complication in the patients was postoperative pain in 35 (23.65%), followed by UTIs in 5 (3.38%). Of the 148 patients, nine (6.08%) had revision surgery. Regarding the revision rate, male patients were associated with a significantly higher rate of revision (P=0.001), and older patients had a significantly increased risk of revision (P=0.026). Patients who developed complications, such as UTI, were associated with a higher revision rate (P=0.035). Also, a posterior approach (Kocher-Langenbeck) of the procedure was significantly linked to an increased risk of revision (P=0.014). Conclusion All in all, there are multiple associated factors with an increased incidence of revision THA. For example, male patients, older patients, complication development during the hospital stay, and posterior surgical approach were all associated with a significantly higher rate of revision.

The incidence of nontraumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is reported to be higher than that of traumatic spinal cord injury in many countries, making it an area of growing significance.With the aging of the global population in coming decades, it is anticipated that the incidence of NTSCIs will increase dramatically. Our aim was to identify and report the causes, patterns, and outcomes of NTSCI in a tertiary care center.We have reviewed all adult patients who had a NTSCI and were surgically treated with a minimum follow-up of 12 months postoperatively. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Preoperative and postoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scales and past follow-up outcomes were assessed.Of 164 patients, 95 (58%) had full recovery and reached ASIA E score at their last follow-up while 69 (42%) were not able to achieve full recovery till ASIA E score. Urinary incontinence and/or bowel incontinence on admission, degenerative pathologies, and thoracic injury level were all notable indicators of limited ASIA score improvement at the last follow-up.Surgically treated NTSCI could result in good neurological recovery with a low complication rate.

The present investigation aims to deliberate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dusty Casson nanofluid with variable heat source/sink and modified Fourier’s and Fick’s laws over a stretching cylinder. The novelty of the flow model is enhanced with additional effects of the Newtonian heating, activation energy, and an exothermic chemical reaction. In an exothermic chemical reaction, the energy of the reactants is higher than the end products. The solution to the formulated problem is attained numerically by employing the MATLAB software function bvp4c. The behavior of flow parameters versus involved profiles is discussed graphically at length. For large values of momentum dust particles, the velocity field for the fluid flow declines, whereas an opposite trend is perceived for the dust phase. An escalation is noticed for the Newtonian heating in the temperature profile for both the fluid and dust-particle phase. A comparison is also added with an already published work to check the validity of the envisioned problem.

Background: Vaginitis is a common and very private disease, and the current diagnosis is a frequent go to the hospital for testing. Objective: In order to improve the convenience and speed of detection, in this paper, we have developed a hand-held zoom micro-imaging system based on a microfluidic chip for point-of-care testing (POCT) of vaginal inflammation. Methods: This system consists of a microfluidic chip, an optical system and a hand-held zoom system assembled with a mobile phone. In terms of hardware, we designed a self-priming microfluidic chip, which can realize automatic sampling and full mixing of samples. We have also developed an optical system that can be adapted to smartphones, which has a lens group with a 37x magnification function and equipped with a zoom system with a focus range of 4mm to 6mm. In terms of software, we proposed an APP that can accurately identify cocci and can determine the inflammation level. Results: Compared with the recognition rate of the observers in the hospital, the detection accuracy of the portable recognition system is 95%, and after testing the clinical samples, the results were completely consistent with the hospital diagnosis results. The detection limit was 500 CFU / ml, which the relative error was (0.9 ± 0.3) %, and recognition time is 7 seconds. Conclusion: This system is definitely suitable for women's point-of-care testing (POCT).

The goal of this study is to investigate the rotating Maxwell nanoliquid flow incorporating gyrotactic microbes with Newtonian heating and irregular heat source sink. The motion of the flow is induced due to linearly unidirectional elongated surface. The uniqueness of the flow is enhanced by the inclusion of additional phenomenon of higher order chemical reaction incorporated with Darcy Forchheimer flow, Fourier and Fick law. Numerical solution of the formulated problem is developed via bvp4c function in MATLAB. The influence of the embroiled parameters on the flow distribution is demonstrated through various graphs and tables. It is noticed that fluid velocity declines on incrementing the rotation parameter. An upsurge in thermal field is portrayed on augmenting the Newtonian heating. Comparative analysis of the results of the proposed model with previous published research is included which confirms the validity of the current model.

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and side effects of melatonin use in a population of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities who had sleep disorders.This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the pediatric neurology clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City. A designed questionnaire was given to the parents to inquire about the sleep characteristics of their children before and after using melatonin. The patients' demographic data were collected and different parameters before and after starting melatonin were compared. Categorical variables were summarized and reported in terms of frequency and percent (n%). Continuous variables were reported in terms of mean and standard deviation.A total of 23 patients were enrolled in our study, of which 15 (65.22%) were male. The mean age was 5.83 ± 3.07 years. For melatonin dose, 9 (39.13%) received 1 mg, 8 (34.78%) received 2 mg, and 6 (26.09%) received over 3 mg. Regarding melatonin duration of use, 7 (30.43%) received melatonin for 0 to 6 months, 7 (30.43%) received it for 7 to 12 months, and 9 (39.13%) received it for over a year. Significant differences were observed in time taken to fall asleep (Melatonin had a significant impact on total sleep time and quality during the pre and post assessment of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and sleep disorders.

In vitro models of the liver have a good simulation of the micro-liquid environment inside the human liver and the communication between cell tissues, which provides an important research tool for drug research and liver disease treatment. In this paper, we designed a 3D liver chip and real-time monitoring system based on microfluidic technology. The in vitro model of the liver on the chip was established by the three-dimensional microfluidic chip pipeline and the corresponding microwell array. Meanwhile, the culture medium is continuously injected on the chip, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy of the liver chip are recorded and analyzed from day one to day five. When the 3D cultured liver chip in vitro model reached a certain period and stabilized, paracetamol with varying gradients of concentration was applied to the cultured cells for drug resistance testing. The experimental results show that the liver chip and its monitoring system designed in this paper can maintain 100% cell viability of hepatocytes in vitro for a long time. Furthermore, it can meet the requirements of measurement technologies such as electrical impedance measurement and near-infrared spectroscopy in real-time, providing a stable culture platform for the further study of organ chips.

Background Several observational studies have reported the rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients infected with COVID-19, with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of thrombotic and bleeding events in hospitalized patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This was a multicenter study of 636 patients admitted between 20 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 in four hospitals. Results Over a median length of stay in the non-ICU group of 7 days and of 19 days in the ICU group, twelve patients were diagnosed with Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (1.8 %) (95 % CI, 1.1–3). The rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19 % (95 % CI, 0.04–0.84), and that in the ICU group was 10.3 % (95 % CI, 6.4–16.2). The overall rate of arterial event is 2.2 % (95 % CI, 1.4–3.3). The rates in the non-ICU and ICU groups were 0.94 % (95 % CI, 0.46–0.1.9) and 8.4 % (95 % CI, 5.0–14.0). The overall composite event rate was 2.9 % (95 % CI, 2.0–4.3). The composite event rates in the non-ICU and ICU groups were 0.94 % (95 % CI, 0.46–0.1.9) and 13.2 % (95 % CI, 8.7–19.5). The overall rate of bleeding is 1.7 % (95 % CI, 1.0–2.8). The bleeding rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19 % (95 % CI, 0.04–0.84), and that in the ICU group was 9.4 % (95 % CI, 5.7–15.1). The baseline D-dimer level was a significant risk factor for developing VTE (OR 1.31, 95 % CI, 1.08–1.57, p = 0.005) and composite events (OR 1.32, 95 % CI, 1.12–1.55, p = 0.0007). Conclusions In this study, we found that the VTE rates in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 might not be higher than expected. In contrast to the risk of VTE, we found a high rate of arterial and bleeding complications in patients admitted to the ICU. An elevated D-dimer level at baseline could predict thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients and may assist in the identification of these patients. Given the high rate of bleeding, the current study suggests that the intensification of anticoagulation therapy in COVID-19 patients beyond the standard of care be pursued with caution and would best be evaluated in a randomized controlled study.

Background: Several observational studies have reported the rate of thrombotic events in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with conflicting results 1. The conflicting results could be partially explained by different population critically ill vs non critically ill, different definition of thrombotic events, follow up period was variable, and different prophylaxis that were used. Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-COV) is another coronavirus had been initially reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. A genome scan has shown a 50% similarity between COVID-19 and MERS-COV 2.A common features of covid-19 and MERS-COV including transmissibility, and MERS-COV clinical presentation have been identified 3. However, data about thrombotic complications in patients with MERS-COV are limited. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of thrombotic events between patients with COVID-19 and MERS-COV. Methods: Patients : We included all confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in 3 major hospitals in Saudi Arabia between February and July 2020. We included all confirmed cases of MERS-COV who were admitted to ICU from these centers between March to May 2014. Patients were excluded if they were transferred in or out from one of these three hospital to another hospitals. Data were collected retrospectively from the first day of admission until discharge or death. Outcome: The primary outcome was the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The secondary outcomes were the rate of arterial events, the rate of composite events (venous and arterial) and the rate of bleeding. VTE included all symptomatic or incidentally diagnosed cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and thrombosis in unusual sites (cerebral, mesenteric, portal, splenic, hepatic, and renal veins). All VTEs were confirmed radiographically by appropriate imaging. Screening for VTE in asymptomatic patients was not performed. If more than on type of VTE occurred in the same patient, it was considered one event. Arterial events included cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), mesenteric ischemia, and limb ischemia and were confirmed by the appropriate imaging modality. Myocardial infarction (MI) was diagnosed based on the suspicion of the attending physician using clinical criteria as well as biomarker elevations or electrocardiographic changes. Composite events were defined as any VTE or arterial event. Bleeding events were classified as major and nonmajor based on the definition of international society of thrombosis and hemostasis (ISTH) 4. Informed consent was waived. Statistical analysis: Characteristics and outcomes were compared between COVID-19 and MERS-COV groups using chi-square test, fisher exact test or t-test. The rates of thrombosis and bleeding are summarized as proportions, with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) Result: After exclusion, 234 COVID-19 and 58 MERS-COV patients were included. The majority of patients with COVID-19 (98%, n=230) and more than (67% ,n =39 ) of those with MERS-COV group received pharmacological prophylaxis. The most frequently prescribed regimen in both groups was enoxaparin (40 mg twice per day). Over a median length of stay in the COVID-19 group of 22 days, the rate of VTE 9.8%(CI; 6.6-14.3) and was 3.4%(CI; 0.95-11.7) in the MESR-COV group over median length of stay of 10 days. The rate of arterial events were 5.9 % (CI;3.6-9.7) and 8.6% (CI;3.7-18.6) in COVID-19 and MERS-COV respectively. Table 1 and 2. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study compared thrombotic risk between COVID-19 and MERS-COV. We found a similar rate of composite thrombotic events (venous and arterial ) between COVID-19 and MERS-COV with higher rate of venous thrombosis in COVID-19 and higher rate arterial thrombosis in MERS-COV. This may indicate that not only COVID-19 is a prothrombotic disease, but MERS-COV may have similar risk of thrombotic complication . These result needs to be confirmed in a larger studies. References 1- Al-Samkari, H, 2020. Blood, 136(4), Pp.489-500. 2- Lu, R, 2020. The Lancet, 395(10224), Pp.565-574. 3- Petrosillo, N, 2020. Clinical Microbiology And Infection, 26(6), Pp.729-734. 4- Schulman, S, 2005. Journal Of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 3(4), Pp.692-694. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

This study discusses the flow of viscous fluid past a moving thin needle in a Darcy&ndash, Forchheimer permeable media. The novelty of the envisioned mathematical model is enhanced by adding the effects of a non-uniform source/sink amalgamated with homogeneous&ndash, heterogeneous (hh) reactions. The MATLAB bvp4c function is employed to solve the non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are obtained via similarity transformations. The outcomes of numerous parameters are explicitly discussed graphically. The drag force coefficient and heat transfer rate are considered and discussed accordingly. It is comprehended that higher estimates of variable source/sink boost the temperature profile.

Pesticides vary in the level of poisonousness, while a conventional rapid test card only provides a general &ldquo, absence or not&rdquo, solution, which cannot identify the various genera of pesticides. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a seven-layer paper-based microfluidic chip, integrating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and chromogenic reaction. It enables on-chip pesticide identification via a reflected light intensity spectrum in time-sequence according to the different reaction efficiencies of pesticide molecules and assures the optimum temperature for enzyme activity. After pretreatment of figures of reflected light intensity during the 15 min period, the figures mainly focused on the reflected light variations aroused by the enzyme inhibition assay, and thus, the linear discriminant analysis showed satisfying discrimination of imidacloprid (Y = &minus, 1.6525X &minus, 139.7500), phorate (Y = &minus, 3.9689X &minus, 483.0526), and avermectin (Y = &minus, 2.3617X &minus, 28.3082). The correlation coefficients for these linearity curves were 0.9635, 0.8093, and 0.9094, respectively, with a 95% limit of agreement. Then, the avermectin class chemicals and real-world samples (i.e., lettuce and rice) were tested, which all showed feasible graphic results to distinguish all the chemicals. Therefore, it is feasible to distinguish the three tested kinds of pesticides by the changes in the reflected light spectrum in each min (15 min) via the proposed chip with a high level of automation and integration.