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Abstract Nano-biochar considers a versatile and valuable sorbent to enhance plant productivity by improving soil environment and emerged as a novel solution for environmental remediation and sustainable agriculture in modern era. In this study, roles of foliar applied nanobiochar colloidal solution (NBS) on salt stressed tomato plants were investigated. For this purpose, NBS was applied (0%, 1% 3% and 5%) on two groups of plants (control 0 mM and salt stress 60 mM). Tween-20 was used as a surfactant to prolong NBS effective stay on plant leaf surface. The results showed that 3% NBS application effectively improved the plant height, plant biomass, fruit count and fruit weight under non-stressed and stressed plants. In addition, 3% NBS application further increased the plant pigments such as chlorophyll by 72% and 53%, carotenoids by 64% and 40%, leaf relative water content by 4.1 fold and 1.07 fold under both conditions, respectively. NBS application stabilized the plasma membrane via reducing electrolyte leakage by 30% as well as reduced the lipid peroxidation rates by 46% and 29% under non-stressed and stressed plants, respectively. 3% NBS application also significantly enhanced the plants primary and secondary metabolites, as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to control plants. Overall, NBS foliar application significantly improved all growth and yield indices, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, leaf water content, antioxidant enzyme activities as well as reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation rates in tomato to combat stress conditions. In future, studies on nano biochar interactions with soil microbiota, surface modifications, long-term environmental impacts, reduced methane gas emissions, and biocompatibility could provide insights into optimizing its use in sustainable agriculture.

The coffee agroindustry in Indonesia, particularly in Malang Raya, has undergone expansion through the increased development of coffee processing industries, including waste and emissions. Various factors, including farming practices, land use, waste management, and the utilization of by-products influence the emission levels in the supply chain. A value chain analysis in supply chain management is essential to support sustainable coffee agroindustry. The complexity of the coffee value chain involves multiple stakeholders, including input providers, producers, traders, cooperatives, and exporters, emphasizing the intricate nature of the coffee chain and the need for coordinated efforts to ensure quality and sustainability. This research aims to identify emission sources in the supply chain and determine the economic impact of coffee production at the farmer level. The value chain operations reference is the method used for measuring the value chain. The calculation results indicate that the carbon emission footprint in the supply chain activities at the farmer level amounts to 22,734 kg CO2 with a unit cost of 0.75 €/kg. These values suggest that activities in the coffee value chain at the farmer level are still not environmentally friendly (intolerable region). Suggested approaches for enhancing the value chain for coffee farmers in Karangploso encompass the installation of a smart GPS system in vehicles for route optimization and fuel efficiency, and using organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers to prevent water pollution, along with the adoption of an organic farming system to enhance the economic value of the harvest. The findings of this study are expected to be a reference for research on the value chain in coffee supply chain activities, and contribute to the enrichment of information related to the VCOR model

Abstract Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder which poses challenges for the individuals with the disorder and their families. While stimulant medications are effective, a comprehensive approach, including psychosocial and behavioral interventions, is recommended. There is a growing body of research exploring the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions for children with ADHD. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions in reducing ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents through a systematic review of relevant studies. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, our systematic review searched PubMed, Cochrane library, Psycinfo, and Scopus from January 2000 to August 2022. We included studies focusing on mindfulness for pediatric ADHD, comprising various study designs with a minimum 8-week duration. Descriptive statistics summarized results, while risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB and ROBANS tools. The quality of RCTs was further evaluated using the Correlation of Quality Measures tool. Results In the initial search, 450 records were identified, and after removing duplicates, 339 underwent screening. Forty-one studies underwent full text assessment for eligibility, with 11 studies meeting inclusion criteria, including seven RCTs, two Quasi RCTs, and three cohort studies. These studies, conducted in five countries, involved participants aged 7 to 18 years. Six studies showed improvement in hyperactivity/inattentive symptoms, and five studies showed improvement in impulsivity. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrates the potential benefits of mindfulness programs on ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. This study emphasizes the need for high-quality research to explore mindfulness-based interventions for ADHD management in younger populations. PROSPERO registration number: IDCRD42024520800

Abstract Indonesia is a country with a rich array of traditional meals renowned for their health benefits and potential to serve as functional foods, including dadih. Several studies have shown that dadih is a traditional fermented product from Indonesia, with various culinary applications. In addition, it is typically produced from fermented buffalo milk, which forms an unchanged or broken lump when fermented at room temperature. This product is also widely consumed by the Minangkabau ethnic group in Central Sumatra (nowadays known as the provinces of West Sumatra, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, and Jambi), holding a significant position in their culinary practices. Dadih is often traditionally processed through spontaneous fermentation in bamboo containers without the need for additional inoculation with buffalo milk. The indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria has been evaluated to have several advantages, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimutagenic, hypocholesterolemic, and antimicrobial properties, by various mechanisms. In addition, this product offers significant nutritional content, promoting digestive health and enhancing the body’s resilience.

This study examines the morphological changes of ten offshore islands in the Meghna estuary of Bangladesh over thirty years, from 1989 to 2019, utilizing remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The study area, characterized by ever-changing hydrodynamic conditions due to the substantial discharge from the Ganges, Jamuna, and Meghna rivers, experiences significant sediment deposition and erosion. Our findings highlight a complex interplay between erosion and accretion processes across the estuary. Despite 1100 km2 of land being eroded, accretion processes were slightly more predominant, totaling 1210 km2, resulting in a net increase of 110 km2 in land area. Notably, islands like Swarna Dwip and Moulovi Char exhibited substantial land gains, while Manpura and the eastern part of Bhola experienced significant reductions, underlining the urgent need for targeted erosion mitigation strategies. The study also identifies significant sediment deposition near tidal confluence zones around Sandwip, Jahazer Char, and Urir Char, suggesting that these are key areas for conservation efforts. The research contributes valuable insights into the geomorphological dynamics within the Meghna estuary. It offers foundational knowledge for informed coastal management and sustainable development planning in one of the world's most dynamically evolving coastal environments.

Abstract This research presents a novel framework for distinguishing between actual and non-suicidal ideation in social media interactions using an ensemble technique. The prompt identification of sentiments on social networking platforms is crucial for timely intervention serving as a key tactic in suicide prevention efforts. However, conventional AI models often mask their decision-making processes primarily designed for classification purposes. Our methodology, along with an updated ensemble method, bridges the gap between Explainable AI and leverages a variety of machine learning algorithms to improve predictive accuracy. By leveraging Explainable AI’s interpretability to analyze the features, the model elucidates the reasoning behind its classifications leading to a comprehension of hidden patterns associated with suicidal ideations. Our system is compared to cutting-edge methods on several social media datasets using experimental evaluations, demonstrating that it is superior, since it detects suicidal content more accurately than others. Consequently, this study presents a more reliable and interpretable strategy (F1-score for suicidal = 95.5% and Non-Suicidal = 99%), for monitoring and intervening in suicide-related online discussions.

New product development is highly complex because it integrates technical challenges from both internal and external sources. The potential for uncertainty or failure exists at every step of the product development process. One of the important tools to minimize risks in product development is risk management in new product development. This paper aims to review some research literature on the concept, process, and category of risk management in new agro-product development. This research uses a literature review analysis to analyze the concept and process of risk management in new product development. The articles were selected from Emerald, Elsevier, Springer, MDPI, and Taylor & Francis databases. The findings of this study demonstrate the critical role of risk management in minimizing risks associated with new product development through the implementation of diverse strategies. Risk management involves identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and treating risks. A variety of internal and external factors influence risk in product development. Internal factors are design, production, financial, management (organizational), marketing, market, technology, and supplier risks. External factors include suppliers, customers, and retailers outside the company. Many businesses, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), have adopted risk management to prevent product failures and financial losses. This paper provides a research framework for applying risk management to new agroindustrial product development.

Abstract Background The recent announcement of the next WHO State of the World’s Nursing and Midwifery Reports calls for a review of the state of nursing and midwifery worldwide. In the WHO European region, a broad set of health system reforms have been introduced in Central Asian countries (CACs), namely, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. These reforms have become the focus of a series of sub-regional policy dialogs between CACs, led by government chief nursing and midwifery officers, to accelerate the implementation of a package of policies to strengthen the capacity of nurses and midwives and build health system resilience. This study reviews the current state of nursing and midwifery capacity and documents future actions that can be taken in CACs. Case presentation A systematic approach was used to describe trends, capacity and gaps in CACs’ education, practice, regulation, leadership, and working conditions of nurses and midwives. Currently, CACs face challenges in increasing the level, quality and evidence-base of nursing and midwifery education, require efforts to expand the role of nurses, with emphasis on PHC and particular attention is required to decent working conditions, including fair income and security in the workplace. The GCNMOs have demonstrated experience in the oversight of both workforces and require support for effective work in making policies. To build health systems resilience in CACs through nursing and midwifery, a strategic package of evidence-informed actions that addresses education, practice, regulation, leadership, and working conditions of nurses and midwives is suggested for the period up to 2030. Conclusions Current educational reforms and curricular development, combined with innovations in clinical practice and working environment can be pursued to foster better access to quality of care, enhance workplace satisfaction and improve recruitment and retention of nurses and midwives. However, to fully achieve this, CACs will require increased institutional capacity; strengthened data for nursing and midwifery planning in the context of health workforce policy and health priorities, and financial and non-financial investment in the nursing and midwifery workforce.

Abstract Background Delirium, a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute disruptions in attention and awareness, significantly impacts children in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs), leading to prolonged hospitalization, increased infection risk, and dependence on mechanical ventilation. Despite growing recognition, its true burden and risk factors in children remain poorly understood. This prospective cohort study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and potential therapeutic targets for delirium in 890 children admitted to a tertiary PICU between January and December 2022. Delirium was screened every 12 hours using the validated Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD). We analyzed data on demographics, comorbidities, medications, interventions, and clinical outcomes to identify associations with the development of delirium. Our study revealed a high prevalence of delirium, affecting 69.4% (95% CI: 66.33–72.3) of admitted children. Notably, infants were disproportionately affected, accounting for 33.5% of delirium cases. Respiratory diagnoses were significantly associated with delirium (78.6%), while oncology cases had the lowest prevalence (29.4%). Opioid use was identified as a risk factor, increasing the risk of delirium by 45.2%. Furthermore, 97.6% of children with withdrawal syndrome also experienced delirium, highlighting a strong association between these conditions. Delirium was significantly associated with longer PICU stays, and all 20 mortalities during the study period occurred in delirious patients. The adjusted odds ratios from multi-level regression modeling further elucidated the risk factors associated with the development of delirium. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of delirium in PICUs, with infants and those with respiratory diagnoses being particularly vulnerable. Opioid use and withdrawal syndrome emerged as risk factors. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and develop targeted interventions to prevent, manage, and improve outcomes for children suffering from delirium in critical care settings.

Abstract Background With 20–40% of patients who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) not responding to therapy, resource use and costs can be high. We performed a descriptive analysis of health-care data for IBD management in the National Health Service to explore potential areas for improvement. Methods In this exploratory study, we analysed real-world data from the Discover dataset for adults with a diagnosis of incident IBD recorded in northwest London, UK, between 31 March, 2016, and 31 March, 2020. We compared mean visit numbers and primary and secondary care costs per patient to examine resource use and costs for active disease versus remission. Results We included 7,733 patients (5,872 with ulcerative colitis [UC], 1,427 with Crohn’s disease [CD], and 434 with codes for both [termed IBD-undefined in this study]). Remission was recorded in 19,218 (82%) of 23,488 observations for UC, 4,686 (82%) of 5,708 for CD, and 1,122 (65%) for IBD-undefined observations. Health-care resource use was significantly higher with active disease in all settings except primary care for UC. Total health-care costs were greater with active disease than remission for all diagnoses (all p

Introduction: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects several parts of the body, such as hair follicles, the face, and the neck. AV often occurs in adolescents due to increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous follicles, and inflammation. AV is a multifactorial inflammation that can be triggered by several factors, such as frequent fast-food consumption, poor facial hygiene, and poor sleep habit. This research was performed to examine the relationship between fast-food consumption, facial hygiene, and sleep patterns with AV severity among students of Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (UNUSA). Methods: An analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 60 respondents. The data were collected using the Dermatology Life Quality Index, based on which respondents’ quality of life related to skin problems was examined. Meanwhile, the Food Frequency Questionnaire was distributed to assess food consumption, and a questionnaire measuring facial hygiene was used to assess respondents’ face condition. Furthermore, respondents’ quality of sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The aforementioned data then underwent univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The results showed that the most consumed types of fast food by UNUSA students were fried chicken, and while the severity of AV was considered low. Most of the students have poor sleep quality. A significant association was found between the frequency of fast-food consumption, facial hygiene (P = 0.041), and sleep patterns (P = 0.043) with the severity of AV. Conclusions: The frequency of fast-food consumption, facial hygiene, and sleep patterns are significantly associated with the severity of AV among UNUSA students.

Integrating sustainability into risk management is essential for the agri-food sector, as it addresses socio-ecological factors in business operations. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is widely used for risk management but often lacks precise numerical analysis. This paper subsequently evaluates these enhancements to FMEA, with the objective of (1) conducting a comprehensive examination of research on sustainable risk management in the agri-food industry, and (2) Analyze recent research on improving the FMEA method's effectiveness in risk management. The mini-review is systematically organized by collecting articles, selecting them based on publication year and keywords, screening titles, screening for inclusion, assessing quality through a full-text review, extracting, and analyzing data, and finally reporting the findings. An analysis of 20 papers from 2010 to 2024 was conducted, examining a variety of frameworks. The mini-review was chosen for its flexibility and focus, making it ideal for offering insights with less time and resources. The review results suggest that FMEA has been significantly altered to improve its capabilities, mainly through the integration of fuzzy logic and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Fuzzy FMEA reduces uncertainty, while FMEA-DEA assesses direct and indirect relationships between failure modes, improving risk prioritization. The paper concludes by summarizing the application of FMEA-DEA for sustainable risk management in the agri-food sector.

This study examines the interconnections between transformations in the education sphere, migrations waves, and labor market in 2000–2021 based on a panel data set for 14 Central and Eastern European countries (7 – former members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; 5 – former republics of the USSR, and 2 – former republics of Yugoslavia). Statistical data were collected from the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the International Labour Organization databases. To describe this interconnection, a pool of parameters was formed. Those that cause the greatest variability were selected using exploratory factor analysis: for education – the number of teachers and students in higher education and public spending on education; for migration – the net migration flow, personal remittances sent and received; for labor market –unemployment rate and the share of highly educated people among the employed. Confirmatory factor analysis identified the most influential determinants: for education – the number of students in higher education; for migration – paid personal remittances; for labor market – unemployment rate. The covariance analysis demonstrated a robust direct correlation between education and migration (positive shifts in the education sector serve as a catalyst for pursuing superior employment opportunities or continuing education abroad). A relatively weak direct correlation was between education and the labor market (a more highly educated workforce has only a limited impact on the structure and dynamics of the labor market). Finally, a moderate inverse correlation was between migration and the labor market (deteriorating labor market conditions give rise to migration waves). AcknowledgmentThis study is funded in terms of the projects “Business-Education-Science” Coopetition: Institutional and Economic Models of Innovation Transfer for National Security and Sustainable Development (№ 0122U000772) and “Modelling educational transformations in wartime to preserve the intellectual capital and innovative potential of Ukraine” (№0123U100114).

In poultry nutrition, zinc supplementation is typically achieved through the addition of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate to the feed. The alternative approach of organic sources utilizes an organic ligand to bind zinc (Zn), resulting in higher bioavailability. Thus, a study was conducted to assess and compare the impact of a methionine-complexed Zn versus an inorganic Zn on growth, blood biochemical profile, gut histomorphology, and fecal excretion of Zn in broilers. The experimental design included two treatments: the addition of a zinc amino acid complex or zinc oxide to the basal diet. The zinc amino acid complex was supplemented at a dose equivalent to the inorganic zinc (Zn-80), while the organic zinc was provided at levels of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg to a total of 400 broilers. There were five treatments in total, and each treatment was replicated four times. Broilers supplemented with an organic form of Zn at the level of 80 mg/kg had significantly (p

In this article, truncated M-fractional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with quadratic–cubic nonlinearity is under observation. The studied model is composed of chromatic dispersion, magneto-optic parameter and inter-modal dispersion. The NLSE is the most significant physical model to explain the fluctuations of optical soliton proliferation. The NLSEs have become more popular because of the clarity with which they explain a wide range of complex physical phenomena and the depth with which they display dynamical patterns via localized wave solutions. Optical soliton propagation in magneto-optic is currently a subject of great interest due to the multiple prospects for ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. The optical solitons are secured in the forms of bright, dark, singular and combo solitons. In addition, hyperbolic, periodic and exponential function solutions have been recovered. The modified Sardar subequation and enhanced modified extended tanh-expansion approaches recently developed integration tools are adopted in this study for securing the solutions. In nonlinear dispersive media, optical solitons are stretched electromagnetic waves that maintain their intensity due to a balance between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. The effect of parameters have been observed by allotting suitable values and sketching the different shapes of the graphs.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different levels of hempseed (HS) on growth performance, immunity and gut health in broiler chickens. A total of 192 Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed HS as follow: control (HS0), HS 10% (HS-10), HS 15% (HS-15) and HS 20% (HS-20). The study on HS supplementation in broilers revealed no significant impacts on feed intake during the starter (p = .2294) and finisher phases (p = .2294), or overall (p = .0944), though numerical increases were noted with higher HS levels. Body weight gain showed no significant influence in the starter and finisher phases, with overall weight gain also not significantly different (p = .0944), but numerically higher with increased HS. Feed conversion ratio was unaffected in the starter (p = .6986) and finisher phases (p = .6425), and overall (p = .2218). Dressing percentage (p = .1062) and mortality (p = .1631) were not significantly altered, but HS-20 had the highest dressing percentage and lowest mortality numerically. White blood cell counts increased significantly (p = .0377), especially in HS-15 and HS-20 groups. IgM and IgG production was higher in HS-20 on day 28 (p = .021). Gut pH (p > .05) and intestinal histomorphology (p > .05) were not significantly affected, although villus height increased numerically with higher HS levels. These results suggest potential benefits of HS, especially at higher inclusion levels. In conclusion, the obtained results indicated that HS incorporation into the diet of broilers did not affect the growth performance and gut health; however, the immune responses were significantly higher at 15 and 20% levels.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sorghum-based diets as an alternative to maize in broiler nutrition. A total of 320 one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (5 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen), comprising a control group with a basal diet and groups receiving sorghum-based diets with 20%, 40%, and 100% maize replacement. The overall weight gain was significantly (p

This study evaluated the phenotypic and genetic parameters of indigenous Naked Neck (NN), exotic Black Australorp (BA), and their crossbred (NNBA) chickens. A total of 270 day-old chicks (30 per group) were raised under identical conditions from day 1 to 48 weeks of age. Growth performance, including body weight, daily and total gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), was highest in BA, followed by NNBA, and lowest in NN. Carcass composition also varied significantly, with BA and NNBA having higher dressing percentages (62.98% and 62.68%, respectively) compared to NN (60.60%). BA produced the heaviest eggs (54.0 g), followed by NNBA (50.9 g) and NN (47.93 g). BA also had the best egg quality, hatchability, and FCR (3.15), with NNBA showing intermediate results. NN had the poorest performance in all traits. Age at sexual maturity was earlier in NNBA (161.23 days) compared to NN and BA. The study concluded that NNBA crossbreds outperformed NN in growth, carcass traits, and egg production, indicating their potential for enhancing rural poultry farming.

Summary: Objectives: A crosstalk between tumor cells and the microenvironment affects the cellular lipid metabolism. Metabolic stress in cancer cells alters the equilibrium between endogenous synthesis and external intake of fatty acids. We aimed to examine the perturbations in intracellular lipids under nutrients stress conditions and to correlate it with the proliferation rates of colorectal cancer cells. Methods: HCT-116 cells were cultured under low-serum conditions (1%, 2%, and 5% serum) compared to control conditions (10% serum) to induce metabolic stress. MTT assay was employed to assess the impact of nutrient deprivation on cell proliferation by measuring absorbance at 540 nm. Lipid accumulation was estimated spectrophotometrically at 510 nm using Oil red O staining method. All the experiments were performed in triplicates and showed consistent reproducibility. Unpaired t-test was applied to compare two groups while multiple groups' comparison was done by ANOVA considering p-value ≤0.05 statistically significant. Results: We found that at low serum conditions the cancer cells showed distorted morphology and lower proliferation rates (p =

Abstract Fimbristylis complanata is an aquatic halophytic sedge that thrives in salt-affected land, marshes, and water channels. Two ecotypes (HR-Rasool headworks ECe 19.45; SH- Sahianwala 47.49 dS m−1) of F. complanata were collected from two salt-affected wetlands of Punjab, Pakistan. Five rhizomes of each ecotype were grown in plastic pots in the Botanical garden research area and treated with three intensities of salt [0 mM (control), 200 mM (moderate), 400 mM (high) NaCl for three durations (0, 15 and 30 days). The pots were arranged using a completely randomized block design (CRD) with three replications. After each duration, sampling was done. The HR ecotype optimally performed better under moderate salt incubation and moderate to higher salt exposure. This ecotype had improved growth traits, including shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), leaf area (LA), root length (RL), leaf mass fraction (LMF), relative growth rate (RGR), and unit leaf area (ULA) at higher NaCl (400 mM) in comparison with control NaCl (0 mM). This improvement in growth occurs due to the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, better photosynthesis, and water use efficiency (A/E). The leaf microstructure increased in HR ecotype as midrib (MrT), leaf blade (LTh), bulliform cells (BTh), and cortical cells (CcT) thicknesses to prevent water loss under salinity, increase aerenchymatous area (ArA) for efficient gas movements at moderate salt levels and less exposure time concerning absolute control (0 mM NaCl). The SH ecotype affirmed more tolerance to salt by securing higher biomass (SFW, SDW), increased growth traits (LA, RL, LMF, ULA), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, Car), and maximum photosynthetic performance at high salt regimes and prolonged duration in comparison to control (0 mM NaCl). Additionally, increased MrT, LTh, BTh, ECA, abaxial and adaxial stomatal area, and density, broadened metaxylem and phloem area, large aerenchyma, more cortical cell thickness under moderate to high salt regimes under moderate to high salt levels and time. Overall, changes in morpho-physiological traits and leaf microstructures in both ecotypes are linked to salt tolerance under temporal salt regimes. Our findings suggest that both ecotypes of F. complanata can potentially rehabilitate the salt-affected wetlands.

This study aims to analyze the Hibryd Counseling Service (Islamic counselling) strategy to effectively prevent Quarter Life Crisis and prepare students who become agents of change for a better direction in college. Using interview, observation, and documentation methods, this study seeks to obtain data on the phenomenon of quarter-life crisis and the new approach. The data sources include critical stakeholders in the guidance and counselling laboratory. Data analysis was carried out through data transcription, coding, and categorization. The study results indicate that Islamic counselling is valuable in guiding individuals to overcome quarter-life crises by aligning psychological and spiritual aspects. Islamic counselling significantly contributes to helping individuals overcome quarter-life crises with a holistic approach involving spiritual, psychological, and social factors. Integrating Islamic values in counselling forms a solid framework to support young individuals facing life challenges. These findings provide important insights related to the effectiveness of the Islamic counselling approach in overcoming quarter-life crises through the integration of spiritual, psychological, and social values.

Abstract Salt stress is becoming a major issue for the world’s environment and agriculture economy. Different iron [Fe] sources can give an environmentally friendly alternative for salt-affected soil remediation. In this study the effects of Iron sulfate on Luffa cylindrica (Sponge gourd) cultivated in normal and saline water irrigated soil were examined. When FeSO4 (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 ppm) were applied to salt affected soil, the length, fresh and dry biomass of sponge gourd plant roots and shoots inclined by an average of 33, 28, 11, 21, 18 and 22%, respectively. In plants irrigated with saline water, leaf count was raised successively (23–115%) with increasing concentration of FeSO4 (0.025-0.1 ppm) compared to stress only plants. The use of FeSO4 boosted sponge gourd growth characteristics in both normal and salt-affected soils compared to respective controls. The application of Iron sulfate under salt stress boosted photosynthetic indices such as chlorophyll a (22%), chlorophyll b (34%), carotenoids (16%), and total chlorophyll levels (22%). Iron sulfate application also exhibited incline in primary (total free amino acids, 50%; total soluble proteins, 46%) and secondary (total phenolics, 9%; flavonoid content, 51%) metabolites in salt-affected soils. Oxidative enzymatic activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and DPPH scavenging activity (36%) were also increased by foliar spray of FeSO4 in control and salt stressed L. cylindrica plants. FeSO4 had a considerable impact on the growth and development of Luffa cylindrica in normal and salt-affected soils. It is concluded that FeSO4 application can effectively remediate salt affected soil and improve the production of crop plants.

A complex of [Zn(pza)2(Cl)2], pza = pyrazinamide, was successfully crystallized from methanol or ethanol solvents with different morphology. The complex was synthesized using the solution method in ZnCl2: pza mol ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 in both ethanol and methanol solvents. FTIR and single crystal XRD analyses were done to confirm the complex. The complex was then used for in vitro antibacterial test against E. coli and S. aureus. Experimental data shows that the type of solvent and metal-to-ligand mol ratio yields the same compound, resulting in colorless crystals that melt at 234-236°C. Large block crystals were obtained from the methanolic solution, while a higher yield was obtained from the use of a higher mol ratio of 1:4. Infrared spectra analysis confirms the presence of characteristic carbonyl and amide groups of the pza ligand. Meanwhile, single crystal XRD screening indicates that unit cell parameters of the crystals from both solvents are identical to a known zinc(II)-pza complex. In vitro antibacterial tests against E. coli and S. aureus show that the complex had much better activity than the ZnCl2 and the free pza. In addition, the complex performs better antibacterial activity toward gram-positive S. aureus than the gram-negative E. coli.

Abstract The primary objective of this manuscript is to investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Langevin ( k , φ ) $(\mathtt{k},\varphi )$ -Hilfer fractional differential equation of different orders with multipoint nonlocal fractional integral boundary conditions. We consider the generalized version of the Hilfer fractional diferential equation called as ( k , φ ) $(\mathtt{k},\varphi )$ -Hilfer fractional differential equation. We provide some significant outcomes about ( k , φ ) $(\mathtt{k},\varphi )$ -Hilfer fractional Langevin differential equation that requires deriving equivalent fractional integral equation to ( k , φ ) $(\mathtt{k},\varphi )$ -Hilfer Langevin fractional differential equation. The existence result is established using the Krasnoselskii’s fixed-point theorem, while the uniqueness is addressed with the help of Banach contraction principle. Additionally, we investigate the different forms of Ulam stability for the solution of the mentioned problem, under specific conditions. To validate our main outcomes, we present a detailed example at the end of the manuscript.

The impact of research and development (R&D) expenditure is crucial for understanding contemporary economic development strategies. This study investigates the relationship between R&D spending as a percentage of GDP and economic growth, focusing on the South Caucasus countries (Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia) and Israel, which is notable for its substantial R&D expenditure (5.71% of GDP in 2020). The objective is to evaluate the impact of R&D expenditure on economic development through the application of rigorous empirical methods. By employing a quantitative approach, this study aims to offer a detailed analysis of the impact of R&D investment on economic growth across various countries. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyzes the association between R&D expenditure and GDP levels. Granger causality tests are utilized to investigate the causal relationships. The results demonstrate a significant positive relationship between R&D expenditure and GDP across all studied countries. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that GDP growth stimulates increased R&D investments in Azerbaijan and Armenia, as evidenced by Granger causality tests. To sum up, this paper underscores the critical role of R&D spending in driving economic development and highlights the necessity for policy initiatives focused on strengthening R&D frameworks.

This review evaluates the reporting of demographic characteristics and the diversity of participants of phase III lung cancer clinical trials with Canadian research sites. A literature search was conducted using the ClinicalTrials.gov registry to identify clinical trials conducted between 1 January 2013, and 31 December 2023. The demographic reporting practices and the representation of sex/gender, racial, and ethnic groups were assessed. The location of Canadian research sites was also examined for trends in reporting and representation. Associated publications were reviewed for demographic data collection methods. Of the 25 clinical trials, 24 reported race and 18 also reported ethnicity. All clinical trials reported sex/gender, and the city and province of the participating Canadian sites. Most participants were White (66.1%), identified as not Hispanic or Latino (81.4%), and were male (57.8%). The provinces with the most clinical trial sites were Ontario (43.6%) and Quebec (34.2%). Lung cancer clinical trials lack adequate demographic reporting and representation of females, diverse patient groups, and geographical locations in Canada with high lung cancer incidence rates. Specifically, the Indigenous Peoples of Canada and Nunavut require better representation in lung cancer clinical trials conducted in Canada. These findings highlight the need to improve diversity and demographic representation in clinical research.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of solvent type and solvent ratio on yield, antioxidant activity (i.e., DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), total phenolics, flavonoids, anti-elastase, and tannins of Lablab purpureus (koro komak) extract. The types of solvents used were 70% of ethanol, 96% of ethanol, 22oC of water, and 75oC of water with the ratios of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The experiment was conducted, duplicate and the data was obtained for analysis using ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. If the treatment shows a significant difference, DMRT is used to check for significant differences. The results indicated that the different ratios and types of solvents were giving significantly different yields, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, flavonoids, anti-elastase, and tannins. The highest yield, total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant activity values were obtained from the treatment by a 1:8 ratio of 75oC of water with the value 28.39%, 11.70 mg GAE/g, 35.88 mg QE/100g, and 6.44 mg TAE/100g, 18.46 AAE/g (DPPH), 4.23 AAE/g (ABTS), and 4.17 mg Fe+/g (FRAP) respectively.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Unacylated Ghrelin (UAG) at varying doses in the management of acute liver injury in Wistar albino rats. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan from March to August 2023. Thirty Wistar albino rats (200-250 grams) were randomly divided into five groups (n=6). Group A served as the control, while liver injury was induced in Groups B, C, D, and E via intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% CCl₄. Groups C, D, and E were subsequently treated with low, medium, and high doses of UAG, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed, along with liver histopathology. RESULTS: Pre-experimental body weights (Mean±SD) for groups A, B, C, D, and E were 227.33±7.75 g, 229.80±2.08 g, 228.70±5.34 g, 231.33±8.69 g, and 236.38±10.63 g, respectively. The liver index was 4.36±0.28, 6.65±0.37, 5.80±0.17, 5.70±0.08, and 5.06±0.23, respectively, across the groups. A statistically significant (p

Program edukasi dan pelatihan pemanfaatan bahan lokal untuk MPASI dan camilan sehat di Desa Dukuhturi bertujuan untuk mendukung penurunan angka stunting melalui peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam menyediakan makanan bergizi bagi balita. Kegiatan ini memfokuskan pada penggunaan bahan pangan lokal yang kaya nutrisi sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan MPASI dan camilan sehat dengan sasaran kegiatan ibu balita dan ibu hamil di Desa Dukuhturi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah metode ABCD (Asset Based Community Development), dimana metode ini mengutamakan pemanfaatan aset dan potensi yang ada di sekitar desa dan dimiliki oleh komunitas masyarakat. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan ibu-ibu di desa Dukuhturi dalam mengolah makanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi balita. Implementasi program ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi signifikan terhadap perbaikan status gizi anak-anak, sekaligus mendukung pencapaian target nasional dalam menurunkan prevalensi stunting di Desa Dukuhtur

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the trans population in the Baixada Santista region, São Paulo state. Methods This was a descriptive study involving adult trans people, selected through convenience sampling in 2023. A quantitative questionnaire was administered and in-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using thematic grouping. Results A total of 237 people were recruited. Of these, 42.2% identified as trans women/travestis and 36.3% as trans men/ transmasculine; 65.4% were aged up to 29 years; 51.1% self-identified as White race/skin color; 52.7% were single; 80.5% had completed at least high school; 32.5% reported no income. Self-perception of transgender identity occurred predominantly between the ages of 10 and 19 (55.7%), with social transition beginning between the ages of 15 and 19 (41.8%). Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors – education level, employment and income – are central to gender identity. Public actions and policies need to be developed and improved.

Objective To determine the prevalence of piriformis syndrome (PS) among undergraduate university health sciences students aged 18 to 25 and assess the significant predictors of PS regardless of its type and severe PS in particular.Design A cross-sectional study.Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of a public university in Pakistan from December 2023 to May 2024.Participants A total of 190 subjects enrolled in the study who met the eligibility criteria, which included being an undergraduate health sciences student (medical and allied health specialities), aged 18 up to 25 years, and willing to participate in the study. Participants were selected using multistage random sampling.Primary and secondary outcome measures The prevalence of PS in addition to associated risk factors as a primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures included the severity of PS.Results Of the total, 119 (62.6%) were female, 114 (60.0%) were between 22 and 25 years old, and 125 (65.8%) had standard body mass index. The prevalence of PS was (61.1%), whereas half suffered from severe PS, and the remaining half had mild and moderate PS. We found that factors such as casual sitting positions, sitting duration and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score (physical activity) were associated with odds of PS in the crude and adjusted regression analyses. When stratified by severity of PS, factors such as writing positions, casual sitting positions, sitting duration and IPAQ score (physical activity) were associated with odds of severe PS in the crude and adjusted regression analyses.Conclusions Students have a high prevalence of PS, with an increased likelihood of buttock pain associated with prolonged sitting, poor posture and physical inactivity. Future research that includes several factors related to students’ social and psychological backgrounds is required.

Objective: Chronic disease of the kidney (CKD) is a lethal malady that usually vitiates the function of the kidney. It often stays unrecognized in the earlier stages but over time it may lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CKD is linked to several complications, such as anaemia and infection which can augment the medical complexities. This study aimed to determine the factors leading to severe anaemia in predialysis CKD patients. Methods: A Cross-sectional design was selected to conduct a study in the medicine ward at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from 20/08/23 to 20/08/24. Questions were asked about the duration of the CKD, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HTN). A venous sample was collected for investigations including serum urea, creatinine, haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), blood urea nitrogen (BUN)and serum albumin level. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated. Stages of CKD were classified as per NKF-K/DOQI classification. The information was entered on proforma and analysed through SPSS-23.0. Results: Among 130 anaemic patients based on haemoglobin, 72 CKD patients had severe anaemia, mean Hb level of 6.59±0.96 g/dl, 49 patients had moderate anaemia with a mean Hb 8.98±0.73 g/dl and only 9 patients had mild type of anaemia, mean Hb 11.96±0.60 g/dl with significant p-value. (p-value=0.000) GFR was 12.00±6.94 ml/min/1.73m2 in patients having severe anaemia, 17.20±9.82 ml/min/1.73m2.in in individuals having moderate anaemia and 18.79±10.22 ml/min/1.73m2 in CKD patients having mild anaemia. (p-value=0.001) Conclusion: The severity of anaemia in advanced stages of CKD is a striking observation. There is a need for early diagnosis and management of kidney disease and nevertheless routine monitoring of kidney function especially in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Keywords: Creatine, iron deficiency, diabetes mellitus, ocular hypertension, dialysis

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan digital scrapbook materi siklus air berbasis augmented reality untuk meningkan self regulation siswa kelas IV, serta menguji pengaruh digital scrapbook materi siklus air berbasis augmented reality terhadap self regulation siswa kelas IV. Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development (RnD) dengan langkah-langkah pengembangan model ASSURE. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah pre-respond and post-respond with non-equivalent control group design. Hasil validasi ahli media dengan persentase sebesar 95% dengan kriteria sangat valid, hasil validasi ahli materi dengan persentase sebesar 96,4% dengan kriteria sangat valid dan hasil validasi ahli bahasa dengan persentase sebesar 96,8% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Hasil dari kelayakan oleh guru diperoleh presentase sebesar 95% dengan kriteria cukup layak. Berdasarkan respon siswa angket self regulation peningkatan di hitungan dengan rumus N-gain pada kelas eksperiment memperoleh hasil 0,4550 dan N-gain pada kelas control mendapatkan nilai 0,3113. Sementara untuk uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji paired samples test memperoleh sig.(tailed) mendaptkan hasil 0,000. Sehingga 0,000

ABSTRACT In the pediatric age group, FXIII deficiency can present as abnormal or delayed bleeding from the umbilical stump, soft tissue and subcutaneous bleeding, intracerebral hemorrhages, intraoral bleeding, and poor wound healing. This case report describes an atypical presentation of FXIII deficiency in a 3‐year‐old female who presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain and vomiting. She was managed conservatively under the care of the pediatric surgery team.

ABSTRACT Accidental ingestion of fish bones can lead to serious complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation and hepatic abscesses. This case series presents three instances where fish bone ingestion led to secondary GI tract perforation and the development of hepatic abscesses. It also emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent serious consequences.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the periodontal health status and salivary biomarker levels in diabetic patients and non-diabetic individuals, thereby determining the association between these factors. METHODOLOGY A comparative study included 100 participants divided into two groups: 50 diabetic patients and 50 healthy controls. Periodontal parameters such as the gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed. Salivary biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and glucose levels, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. RESULTS Diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher periodontal parameters (GI, PPD, CAL) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Salivary biomarkers, particularly IL-6 and TNF-α, were markedly elevated in the diabetic group (p < 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation between salivary glucose levels and periodontal parameters (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Diabetic individuals show worse periodontal health and elevated salivary inflammatory biomarkers compared to non-diabetic controls. This suggests a need for closer periodontal monitoring in diabetic patients to mitigate further systemic complications.

The current study was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, SAU, Tandojam during the Kharif season 2023. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The ten genotypes Shandar, NIA Mehran, Sarshar, Shua-92, Shabab, NIA-19/A, Shandar-100-1, Shandar-200-1, Shandar-200-2, and NIA-Mehran-100-1 were evaluated for these traits i.e. days to heading, days to flowering, plant height, tillers hill-1, panicle length, fertility %, no. of florets panicle-1, grain yield hill-1. The ANOVA revealed that all the traits were significant and showed great variation among the rice genotypes except fertility%. The relationship of days to heading with DTF (0.987**), TPH (0.564**), and GYPH (0.363*) was positive and significant. The relationship of days to flowering with TPH (0.630**), and GYPH (0.455*) was positive and significant. The association of tillers hill-1 with PL (-0.513**) was negative but significant. While the relationship with FPP (-0.289NS) and FPCNT (-0.090NS) was negative and non-significant. However, its relationship with GYPH (0.704**) was positive and highly significant. All the traits showed high heritability showing minimal environmental effect, however, panicle length and fertility% showed medium heritability showing some environmental effect on them.

In this manuscript, we investigate the (k,φ)-Hilfer Langevin fractional coupled system having multi point boundary conditions and fractional integrals. This study is crucial as it addresses the complexities of (k,φ)-Hilfer Langevin coupled system with multi point conditions, which have applications in many scientific and engineering fields. Unlike previous research, our work introduces novel techniques for analyzing this system, leading to more accurate and comprehensive results. The major findings include new existence and uniqueness theorems, along with improved stability conditions, which enhance the understanding and potential applications of these systems. We demonstrate the existence, uniqueness and different kinds of Ulam stability for our suggested model. We prove the uniqueness of the solution by utilizing Banach contraction mapping principle. The existence of solution is studied by using Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem. We also explore the different types of Ulam stability under the specific conditions. We presented an example at the end to support our main results.

BackgroundCancer remains a predominant cause of death worldwide. The advent of effective chemotherapy has enormously decreased the mortality rate and increased the life expectancy of cancer patients. However, the adverse effects allied with chemotherapy contribute to the development of neurotoxicity, anxiety, and depression.ObjectiveThe dual effects of a novel flavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone (6-HF), were investigated in treating chemotherapy-induced neuropathy along with anxiolytic propensity.MethodsThe anti-neuropathy propensity of 6-HF was evaluated utilizing the cisplatin-induced neuropathy (CIN) model, whereas its anxiolytic activity was evaluated utilizing anxiety models, such as the elevated plus maze test (EPM), the staircase test, and the open-field paradigm.ResultCisplatin administration induced static and dynamic allodynia in the rats. Concomitant administration of 6-HF and cisplatin for four successive weeks remarkably reduced the chemotherapy-induced mechanical allodynia, evident from an elevation in the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). The anxiolytic-like activity of 6-HF in the EPM apparatus was confirmed by the increased number of entries in the open arm and time spent at the central platform, which was further confirmed by the enhanced head-dipping frequency in the same assay. A decrease in rearing behavior of the mice without suppression of the steps ascended further assured the anxiolytic-like potential of 6-HF. Additionally, the animals under investigation spent more time at the intersection of the open-field apparatus, further confirming the anxiolytic potential of 6-HF.Conclusion6-HF might be considered a potential therapeutic agent for counteracting two common adverse effects of chemotherapy, neurotoxicity and anxiety.

BackgroundCardiac disease (CD) is a primary long-term diagnosed pathology among childhood cancer survivors. Dosiomics (radiomics extracted from the dose distribution) have received attention in the past few years to assess better the induced risk of radiotherapy (RT) than standard dosimetric features such as dose-volume indicators. Hence, using the spatial information contained in the dosiomics features with machine learning methods may improve the prediction of CD.MethodsWe considered the 7670 5-year survivors of the French Childhood Cancer Survivors Study (FCCSS). Dose-volume and dosiomics features are extracted from the radiation dose distribution of 3943 patients treated with RT. Survival analysis is performed considering several groups of features and several models [Cox Proportional Hazard with Lasso penalty, Cox with Bootstrap Lasso selection, Random Survival Forests (RSF)]. We establish the performance of dosiomics compared to baseline models by estimating C-index and Integrated Brier Score (IBS) metrics with 5-fold stratified cross-validation and compare their time-dependent error curves.ResultsAn RSF model adjusted on the first-order dosiomics predictors extracted from the whole heart performed best regarding the C-index (0.792 ± 0.049), and an RSF model adjusted on the first-order dosiomics predictors extracted from the heart’s subparts performed best regarding the IBS (0.069 ± 0.05). However, the difference is not statistically significant with the standard models (C-index of Cox PH adjusted on dose-volume indicators: 0.791 ± 0.044; IBS of Cox PH adjusted on the mean dose to the heart: 0.074 ± 0.056).ConclusionIn this study, dosiomics models have slightly better performance metrics but they do not outperform the standard models significantly. Quantiles of the dose distribution may contain enough information to estimate the risk of late radio-induced high-grade CD in childhood cancer survivors.

This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of stem waste from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) through both in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro antibacterial activity was tested against three strains of E. coli: E. coli O78, E. coli O121, and E. coli O157. The in vivo antibacterial activity was evaluated using E. coli O78 in quails, guided by the in vitro findings. The methanolic extract of oyster mushroom stem waste exhibited antibacterial activity, creating inhibition zones of 13.36 mm, 9.75 mm, and 9.46 mm for E. coli O78, E. coli O121, and E. coli O157, respectively. These were compared with ciprofloxacin, which produced inhibition zones of 22.42 mm, 20.51 mm, and 19.60 mm, respectively. For the in vivo study, 480 one-day-old quail chicks were divided into four groups: negative control, positive control, standard (treated with ciprofloxacin), and PO group (3% Pleurotus ostreatus supplementation). Birds in all groups, except the negative control, were infected with E. coli O78. Results indicated that the PO group, fed with 3% oyster mushroom stem waste, showed improved performance, gut morphometry, and a reduction in cecal E. coli O78 counts, while increasing beneficial Lactobacillus counts. The study also assessed feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality percentage, and dressing percentage, all of which improved with PO supplementation. The findings demonstrate that oyster mushroom stem waste possesses significant antibacterial properties against E. coli both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic prebiotics in poultry feed.

Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are potential environmental toxicants that are reported to instigate oxidative stress (OS) in the liver. Ginkgetin (GK) is a natural biflavonoid with potential therapeutic activities. This experiment was executed to access the putative effect of GK against PS-MPs provoked hepatotoxicity. Four groups were formed from 48 rats including control, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg) group, PS-MPs (0.01 mg/kg) + GK (25 mg/kg) co-treated group and GK (25 mg/kg) alone group. The exposure of PS-MPs markedly decreased the expressions of antioxidant genes and Nrf-2, besides escalating Keap-1 expression. It also decreased the activities of antioxidants i.e., glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Additionally, a notable escalation in hepatic serum markers i.e., alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was observed. Furthermore, PS-MPs exposure escalated the levels of inflammatory markers, i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), interleukin-β (IL-1β) level and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. PS-MPs treatment augmented Caspase-3 and Bax expressions and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Nevertheless, GK treatment notably abated PS-MPs prompted liver injuries owing to its hepatoprotective efficacy.

Background Orofacial pain is a specialty of dentistry that often encounters complex symptoms beyond the scope of dental practice, indicating a role for interprofessional teams in treating chronic orofacial pain.Discussion Interprofessional teams often include specialists from neurology, physical therapy, sleep medicine, and behavioral medicine, among others. Interprofessional practices can be difficult to achieve and require a commitment of communication, collaboration, co-location, and organizational support. A complex chronic orofacial pain case exemplifies the challenges for patients receiving sequential or siloed care, including delays in diagnosis, invasive procedures, and worsened disability. Common barriers to collaborative care and possible steps to close these gaps are discussed..

Many countries are experiencing rapid growth in the small and medium-sized fruit processing sector. This significantly contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study is to employ the Sustainability Performance Assessment (SPA) model in the context of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) through the integration of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and the sustainability index formula. This study examines SMEs in Indonesia that produce fruit chips. Based on the findings of this research, the most important aspects of sustainability are economic, followed by social, technological and environmental. Besides that, it was discovered that the performance of several fruit chip SMEs in Indonesia scored low. Economic performance is considered less (37%: lack of sustainability), while it is poor (not sustainable) in social, technological and environmental aspects, with respective values of (24.38%), (15.09%) and (20.89%). In addition to the presentation of the sustainability performance index, a set of strategic recommendations were formulated to enhance the sustainability performance of SMEs in accordance with their respective sustainability index status. The strategy formulation is classified based on each indicator in the sustainability aspect.

Introduction: Contamination of water is a critical threat to human health at a global level. Water pollutants, such as heavy metals, can have adverse effects on the well-being of humans, animals, and the natural ecosystem of a region. Study Area: Murree is the most visited tourist destination in Pakistan. The rural population of Murree uses natural spring water for drinking, household use, and irrigation. Methods: This study assessed the elemental concentration of water from 20 natural springs in Murree using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Source apportionment and spatial distribution of heavy metals were assessed using statistical approaches such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and interpolation. The study assessed the quality of water for drinking and irrigation in Murree's natural spring water using the metal index, sodium absorption ratio, magnesium absorption ratio, percentage sodium, Kelly's ratio, and salinity hazard. The health risks associated with heavy metals were assessed by computing Average daily dose, Hazard quotient, Hazard Index, and Cancer Risk. Results: The mean concentration of metals in mgL-1 varied in the following order: Ca (51.23) > Na (22.3) > Mg (16.26) > Si (6.51) > K (1.59) > Se (1.17) > Sr (0.48) > Ba (0.209) > Al (0.060) > Li (0.015) > Zn (0.005) > Fe (0.0033) > Ni (0.0032) > Cr (0.001). Metal index was calculated for Al (0.3), Ba (0.29), Cr (0.024), Ni (0.14), Fe (0.004), Zn (0.002), Sr (0.07), Mg (0.32), and Ca (0.25), revealing low levels of metal pollution. The geology of the study area was identified as the primary source of heavy metals in the water. The estimated values of health hazards showed that ingestion is the primary exposure pathway, with children having a higher risk. The health hazards posed by the heavy metal contact from the waters of Murree are not alarming. Quality indices show that the irrigation water sourced from the natural springs is of satisfactory quality. Conclusion: The study concluded that the spring water of Murree has low concentrations of heavy metals; their concentration is dependent upon the geology of the study area and is good for drinking and irrigation.

Abstract Background Pakistani’s health services delivery system has been rarely evaluated regarding patient satisfaction. This study examined the performance of the Pakistani health system from the perspective of doctor services (DS), digital payment system (DPS), nurses’ services (NS), laboratory services (LS), pharmacy services (PHS), registration services (RS), physical services (environmentally and tangible) and doctor-patient communication (DPC) about patient satisfaction. A random sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Methodology The Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS), analysis of moment structures (AMOS), and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data for reliability, validity, correlations, and descriptive findings. The 879 responses were used for study analysis. Results The study revealed that patient satisfaction was found to be significantly affected positively by LS, PHS, DS, NS, and DPS, while DPC, RS, and PF were impacted non-significantly. Consequently, there is a considerable communication gap in the doctor-patient interaction, and Pakistan's healthcare system is confronted with a shortage of physical infrastructure and challenges in the digital system. Conclusion Furthermore, the insufficient emphasis on registration services necessitates immediate action to improve the entire patient experience and satisfaction. Identifying these shortcomings has the potential to result in a healthcare system that is more efficient and focused on the needs of the patients.

Abstract Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder with both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations associated immune dysregulation. Analyzing 202,359 cells from 170 specimens across 83 patients, we identify a distinct epithelial cell type in both terminal ileum and ascending colon (hereon as ‘LND’) with high expression of LCN2, NOS2, and DUOX2 and genes related to antimicrobial response and immunoregulation. LND cells, confirmed by in-situ RNA and protein imaging, are rare in non-IBD controls but expand in active CD, and actively interact with immune cells and specifically express IBD/CD susceptibility genes, suggesting a possible function in CD immunopathogenesis. Furthermore, we discover early and late LND subpopulations with different origins and developmental potential. A higher ratio of late-to-early LND cells correlates with better response to anti-TNF treatment. Our findings thus suggest a potential pathogenic role for LND cells in both Crohn’s ileitis and colitis.

The purpose of this research is to describe the numeracy literacy abilities of class XI TITL 2 students at SMKN 7 Semarang in solving circle equation problems based on initial abilities. The type of research used is qualitative research with descriptive methods. Subject selection is based on students' initial abilities based on the results of diagnostic test scores to categorize students' initial abilities into categories of students who have high initial abilities with a score criteria of 75 < score ≤ 100 , medium initial abilities with a score criteria of 35< score ≤ 75 and low initial abilities with a score criteria of 0 < score ≤ 35.Then 6 subjects were selected, each consisting of 2 student with high, medium and low initial ability. The instruments used in this research were numeracy literacy skills tests and interviews. The numeracy literacy ability test is presented in the test questions in the form of 2 numbered story questions and will be analyzed to reveal three indicators of numeracy literacy. The data collection analysis techniques used in this research are, 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, and 3) drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that: 1) students with high initial abilities are able to reveal all three indicators of numeracy literacy ability, 2) students with medium initial abilities are quite capable of fulfilling the first and second indicators of numeracy literacy ability, but are less able to fulfill the third indicator of numeracy literacy ability , 3) students with low initial abilities in solving circular equation problems are quite capable of meeting the first indicator of numeracy literacy ability, but are less able to fulfill the second and third indicators

Abstract Enhanced phytoremediation offers a rapid and eco-friendly approach for cleaning agricultural soil contaminated with copper and cadmium which pose a direct threat to food scarcity and security. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two commonly used additives, IAA and EDTA, for the remediation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils using sunflower and maize. The plants were cultivated in pots under controlled conditions with four sets of treatments: control (0), Cu50/Cd50, Cu50/Cd50 + EDTA, and Cu50/Cd50 + IAA. The results showed that Cu50/Cd50 mg/kg drastically compromised the phytoremediation potential of both plants, as evident by reduced shoot and root length, and lower biomass. However, the augmentation of Cu50/Cd50 with EDTA or IAA improved the tested parameters. In sunflower, EDTA enhanced the accumulation of Cu and Cd by 58% and 21%, respectively, and improved plant biomass by 41%, compared to control treatment. However, IAA exhibited higher accumulation of Cu and Cd by 64% and 25%, respectively, and enhanced plant biomass by 43%. In case of maize, IAA was superior to EDTA which enhanced the accumulation of Cu and Cd by 87% and 32% respectively, and increased the plant biomass by 57%, compared to control treatment. Our findings demonstrate that foliar IAA is more effective than EDTA in enhancing the phytoremediation potential of sunflower and maize for Cu and Cd.

Immunology is an important component of the medical curriculum. It provides a foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular processes by which the body protects itself from external substances and the immunological responses that contribute to the development of many illnesses. The inclusion of immunology in an osteopathic medical curriculum is essential to understanding the body’s defense systems as well as the alignment of osteopathic concepts with immunology. By encompassing innate and adaptive immunity, immunology reflects the interconnectedness of the body’s systems and the foundation for self-regulation inherent in osteopathy. A problem facing medical educators is determining how to facilitate students’ learning of immunological concepts in a way that will help them retain and apply the material throughout their clinical years and beyond. This paper aims to provide an immunology education framework designed to effectively integrate immunology topics across the preclinical courses of an osteopathic medical curriculum. Drawing insights from an extensive review of the literature and current medical curricula, we propose an integrative curriculum model that broadly incorporates fundamental concepts of immunology across multiple disciplines and systems-based courses horizontally as well as vertically over the preclinical years using clinical presentations and laboratory findings and further connecting them to osteopathic principles. This integrative curriculum will augment medical students’ understanding of immunology, making them better able to connect core concepts with clinical applications and enhance their application of immunological concepts in osteopathic patient care in alignment with the NBOME guidelines. Using the proposed integrative medical curriculum may better prepare medical students for providing holistic medical care and guidance to their future patients.